Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of micro pit array on titanium alloy with hydrophobic surface by through-mask electrochemical micromachining","authors":"J. Meng, Hongmei Li, Hongwei Zhang, Xiaojuan Dong, Youquan Tang, Yugang Zhao, Linghui Qu","doi":"10.1088/2051-672X/ace8a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ace8a9","url":null,"abstract":"In order to obtain higher contact angles and improve the hydrophobicity of titanium alloy, the micro pit arrays were fabricated by the through-mask electrochemical micromachining (TMEMM). The theoretical model of surface hydrophobicity between the contact angle and the geometry size of micro pit arrays was developed. Moreover, the multi physical field coupling simulation of TMEMM was carried out. Thus, the direct mapping relationship between the contact angle and the process parameters was obtained by combining the theoretical model with the simulation results. The effect of process prameters, such as electrolyte mass fraction, mask size and processing voltage, was investigated. The optimal combination of process parameters was predicted and verified by experiments. The results show that the errors of the measured values of diameter, spacing, depth and surface contact angle of the micro pit arrays are 2.49%, 6.87%, 7.40% and 6.01% respectively, which indicates that the hydrophobic textured surface with a contact angle of about 141° is successfully fabricated without the modification of low surface energy materials.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"50 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77367200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical study on the impact of lubricant rheology and surface topography on heavily loaded non-conformal contacts","authors":"D. K. Prajapati, Dilshad Ahmad, J. Katiyar, C. Prakash, R. Ajaj","doi":"10.1088/2051-672X/ace6c2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ace6c2","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing requirement of high-power density (power throughput/ weight) in modern day machines lead to thin film lubrication condition in various machine components (rolling element bearings, gears, cams, etc,) due to severe loading conditions. Surface roughness features and lubricant rheology plays a vital role in thin film lubrication, and significantly affects the lubrication performance and lifetime of machine components. The present work demonstrates surface topography and lubricant rheology effects on the traction coefficient for heavily loaded non-conformal contacts. The load-sharing concept considering elastic-plastic deformation of asperities, and Carreau shear-thinning rheological model is employed to describe the dry rough contacts and non-Newtonian behavior of lubricant. An influence of surface topography parameters such as roughness, skewness, kurtosis, and pattern ratio on the traction coefficient is discussed. From results, it is found that among different surface topographies, negatively skewed surfaces having isotropic surface pattern exhibit minimum traction coefficient. The load share function and the critical rolling speed are determined for various surface topographies which provides further insights into the surface topography effect on traction coefficient. The findings of present study are noteworthy as they provide a theoretical basis for an assessment of the lubrication performance of heavily loaded non-conformal contacts.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82731020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of reactive nitrogen flow on morphology, mechanical properties, and biocorrosion behavior of sputtered TiN coatings towards orthopedic applications","authors":"L. Van Duong, D. Phuong, N. N. Linh, N. Q. Thinh, Dang Quoc Khanh, Rubanik Vasili, Bahrets Dzmitry","doi":"10.1088/2051-672X/ace2db","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ace2db","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to investigate the effects of reactive nitrogen flow on the morphology, mechanical properties, and biocorrosion behavior of TiN coatings deposited on Ti6Al4V alloys and Si (100) wafer by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique. From analysis results of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), it revealed that the preferred orientation of the coatings changed from TiN (111) to TiN (200) plane, and the surface morphology altered from faceted structures to closed sphere structures with the increasing reactive N2 flow. The high density and fine grain size of the coating deposited with a reactive N2 flow of 25 sccm resulted in the highest hardness (24.8 ± 1.8 GPa) and the best corrosion resistance. In addition, the friction coefficient was reduced owing to the decrease in the grain size as reactive N2 flow increased from 10 to 30 sccm. Compared with Ti6Al4V substrate, TiN coatings possess better corrosion resistance, suggesting that the coating is beneficial for improving the performance of the Ti6Al4V alloys.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80574913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD and experimental investigation of AM surfaces with different build orientations","authors":"K. Mandloi, A. D. Allen, H. Cherukuri, Jimmie A. Miller, Brian Duttrer, J. Raquet","doi":"10.1088/2051-672X/ace53e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ace53e","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing (AM) surfaces offer the possibility of novel cooling channel geometries for high temperature applications. AM processes can optimize the internal geometry of cooling channels, which is generally constrained by limitations of conventional machining processes. The AM process gives rise to surface textures that depend on the build and scan orientations that also potentially contribute to heat-transfer characteristics and provide additional considerations for optimization. The motivation behind this research work is to explore the correlation between AM roughness characteristics (build-orientations, density of spatter deposits and their sizes, amplitudes/wavelengths, etc) and the resulting effect on heat transfer and pressure drop across cooling channels. In this study, the actual AM surfaces with different build angles were fabricated using Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and the roughness data of these surfaces were acquired. These measured surface topographies were used for developing simplified surfaces for the purposes of CFD simulations. Modeled AM surfaces with different build orientations were used to analyze the effect of built orientation and spatter deposits in terms of heat transfer for different flow conditions. The CFD simulations also informed the design of the experimental set-up for the validation of computational results. For the comparison, a reference smooth surface is machined from forged Inconel-625 for experiments and CFD simulations were also carried out for the validation. Results from CFD simulations show that the surface features (such as build angles and spatter deposits) significantly affect the heat transfer and fluid flow in terms of Nusselt number and pressure drop and the surface area impact on heat transfer is minimal in all the cases for both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. Under turbulent flow conditions, transverse track alignment shows the highest efficiency in terms of the Nusselt number and adding particles improves heat transfer efficiency for smooth and parallel-tracked surfaces. However, when the flow becomes laminar, reversed behavior is observed and surfaces show downside effects in terms of Nu. Also we define a performance factor that assesses the combined effects of both the thermal and the fluid flow characteristics to differentiate the performance of the AM channels.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90804362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of laser texturing on hydrophobicity and slurry erosion behaviour of VC-CuNiCr based HVOF coatings","authors":"Vikrant Singh, A. K. Singla, A. Bansal","doi":"10.1088/2051-672X/ace4e1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ace4e1","url":null,"abstract":"Superhydrophobic surfaces had gained attention all over the world owing to their unique properties such as self-cleaning, drag reduction, and anti-bacterial etc. The current research has used the laser texturing approach to create a micro-textured surface over SS316 steel with HVOF sprayed VC and CuNi-Cr coating. Aspects of static contact angle, cross-sectional characterization, hardness, erosive wear resistance were compared with textured and non-textured surfaces. Slurry erosion experimentation was conducted as per ASTM G-73 standards using water (slurry) jet erosion test rig. From the results, it was concluded that laser texturing can be used as an effective technique for enhancing the static contact angle; development of pillar like structure can be said as a probable reason for the development of said effect. The failure mechanism was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images; and it was noted that hard surfaces experienced brittle mode of failure whereas soft surfaces experienced ductile mode of failure.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91087071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ultrasonic surface shot peening on the microstructure and properties of Cu-8Cr alloy","authors":"Xiang Wang, Changxi Jiang, Tao Liu, Dan Qin, Baoquan Chen, Xuehui Zhang, Tongxiang Liang","doi":"10.1088/2051-672X/ace467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ace467","url":null,"abstract":"Surface nanocrystalline layers were prepared on Cu-8Cr alloy using ultrasonic shot peening (USSP) technique by controlling the pellet size and shot peening time. The tissue morphology, microstructure, surface hardness, surface strength and corrosion resistance of the generated surface nanolayers were systematically characterized using x-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the corresponding test methods. The results showed that the USSP treatment did not change the surface phase of Cu-8Cr alloy, but only refined the surface grains into nanocrystals. The pellet size and shot peening time had a large effect on the surface properties of Cu-8Cr alloy. The best overall surface properties were obtained with a shot size of 2 mm and a shot time of 30 min The average grain size of the nano-layer is about 66 nm, the surface hardness is increased to 126.69 HV0.05, the tensile strength reached 417 MPa, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is significantly enhanced. The USSP treatment provides a new method for the preparation of CuCr alloys with excellent surface properties.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89316324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of tribological behaviour of laser textured brake disc/composite brake pad system using adaptive neuro fuzzy interference system technique","authors":"Ravi Shankar Nadig, A. Bharatish, H. Murthy, I. Manoj, P. Vinod","doi":"10.1088/2051-672X/ace275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ace275","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of Laser Surface Texturing (LST) on the tribological performance of a commercial automotive brake system consisting of a metallic brake disc and composite brake pads. The study focuses on achieving an optimal combination of wear and friction, aligning with the goals of green technology. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodology is used to rank the characteristics, while the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS) methodology is employed to model the friction and wear behavior of the brake pad-disc system under varying normal loads and sliding speeds. At a normal load of 100 N and a sliding speed of 0.73 m s−1 under dry conditions, the brake system exhibited a minimum coefficient of friction of 0.2066 and a specific wear rate of 7.93 × 10−6 mm3 N−1-m−1. Although, there was no specific correlation found between frictional power and specific wear rate, a higher load of 100 N and sliding speed of 2.71 m s−1 resulted in decrease in specific wear rate by 83% when compared to that of untextured brake discs. By applying brake oil to the laser-textured boundary, the coefficient of friction experienced a 31% reduction.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73467342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A non-invasive computational method to determine the directionality of skin tension lines","authors":"Ashutosh Roy, Kumar Vemaganti","doi":"10.1088/2051-672X/acdfe9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/acdfe9","url":null,"abstract":"The topography of human skin surface has cutaneous lines or skin tension lines whose orientation depends on factors like age, cosmetic use, environmental conditions, etc. Characterizing the orientation of these lines is of immense importance for the cosmetics industry, medical technology and applications like haptics. In this study we propose a simple method based on the ratio of the correlation length to the root mean square roughness along several profiles to characterize the directionality of these lines. This ratio is then normalized across all the profiles leading to a polar plot that varies between 0 and 1, with the major orientation appearing at a value of 1. Our results show that this non-invasive computational approach can be applied to skin roughness data or image intensities. As a practical application of the approach, we demonstrate its ability to capture changes in skin tension line orientation with age, using roughness data from the literature.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77660449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into the effects of prosthesis relevant surfaces on the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms","authors":"Christopher Jackson, P. Bills, P. Humphreys, Carolanne Allen","doi":"10.1088/2051-672X/acdc3e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/acdc3e","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the effects prosthesis relevant surfaces and finishes have on the formation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms, the leading causative pathogenic bacteria of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Microbiological biofilm analysis was conducted to quantify S. aureus biofilm growth on prosthesis relevant surface coatings and finishes. Through the use of a CDC Biofilm Reactor (CDC-BR), biofilms were grown under constant shear conditions on three different titanium surface finishes, including Plasma Spray (PS), Grit Blasted (GB) and an As-fabricated (AF) surface used for comparative and control purposes. Advanced metrological techniques were applied to characterise each surface. This advanced approach to surface characterisation, including functional volume parameters has been carried out to provide a detailed quantifiable description of the surface and one that better relates to the nature of growth upon a surface. Results show that the PS surface exhibits a significant increase in biofilm growth in comparison to the GB and AF surfaces, with the AF surface showing the lowest amount of biofilm growth. Additionally, the morphology of the features of the PS coating allows for the biofilm accumulation to flourish in the re-entrant features across its topography. These findings highlight the difficulties of biofilm eradication and further complicate the design process of prosthetics, where features implemented to promote osseointegration simultaneously offer favourable locations for bacterial cell attachment and subsequent biofilm development, leading potentially, to PJI. There is a general consensus throughout literature regarding an apparent trend between an increase in Sa and an increase in biofilm formation (Zheng et al 2021 Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 9 643722; Bridgens et al 2015 Surface and Coatings Technology 284; James et al 2019 Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 43 490–497). This study has shown that whilst this may generally be the case, the location of this surface area increase within the topography may be a more important observation.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85169732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of topography on electrical contact resistance of copper-based materials","authors":"Bruno Alderete, U. Pranav Nayak, F. Mücklich, S. Suárez","doi":"10.1088/2051-672X/acdfea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/acdfea","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an electrical contact is crucial to ensure optimal performance, reliability, and efficiency of connectors. One key aspect is the surface quality of the contacting bodies—among other factors such as material selection, contact geometry, etc. In this work, we evaluated the influence on electrical contact resistance (ECR) of a smooth copper-based surface (brass, bronze, and tin-plated copper) when contacted against surfaces with different degrees of roughness. Furthermore, a carbon nanotube (CNT) coating was proposed with the goal of mitigating the topography-induced influence of the textured counter electrodes. The electrodes and counter electrodes were thoroughly characterized to understand the contacting mechanisms through numerical modeling,—namely, Greenwood-Williamson and Jackson-Green models—as well as using a practical-oriented slope analysis. Load-dependent ECR measurements were carried out to quantify the effect of roughness on contact resistance. When contacting against brass and bronze, a clear correlation between roughness and ECR can be established, with higher roughness equating to lower ECR In tin-plated copper, on the other hand, this hierarchy is not as well defined due to the ease with which the tin plating deforms, thus enabling the penetration of outstanding asperities and consequently establishing a better electrical contact. CNT-coated counter electrodes showed promising results, partially confirming the hypothesis proposed. However, unforeseen topography-related interactions with the CNT coating produced exceptions in the ECR measurements. Nonetheless, for most cases studied the coating did mitigate the influence of roughness.","PeriodicalId":22028,"journal":{"name":"Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties","volume":"744 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76891158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}