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Status and consensus: Heterogeneity in audience evaluations of female‐ versus male‐lead films 现状与共识：观众对女主角电影和男主角电影的评价存在差异
IF 8.3 1区 管理学
Strategic Management Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/smj.3575
Bryan K. Stroube, David M. Waguespack
{"title":"Status and consensus: Heterogeneity in audience evaluations of female‐ versus male‐lead films","authors":"Bryan K. Stroube, David M. Waguespack","doi":"10.1002/smj.3575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3575","url":null,"abstract":"Extant research finds that status characteristics such as gender are frequently related to average quality evaluations by external audiences, but little is known about whether such characteristics are also related to consensus in quality evaluations. We examine 383 million film ratings by consumers to document that female‐lead movies elicit less consensus in quality evaluations than male‐lead movies. In split‐sample analyses, we find that male raters are more negative than female raters about female‐lead titles, and that the two audiences differ on dispersion and skew. A subsequent experiment helps distinguish between various mechanisms that might be driving these results, including actor sorting, audience sorting, and treatment effects on audience quality perceptions. Finally, we find that independent studios yield greater box office revenue from female‐lead movies.Consumers often lack consensus about product quality. Does product gender‐typing influence perceived quality consensus? We examine this question in the film industry, where 28.5% of films from 1992 to 2018 had a female actor in the lead role. Using 383 million consumer ratings from a popular website, we find less consensus in ratings of female‐lead films compared to male‐lead films. Some of this effect stems from male audiences who, compared to female audiences, rate female‐lead films lower than male‐lead films and disagree more on their quality. We use an experiment with fictional AI‐generated movie plots and random lead‐actor gender to better understand what drives this effect. Finally, we find independent studios have higher box office revenue from female‐lead films.","PeriodicalId":22023,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139685163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Organizational hubris: Its antecedents and consequences for stakeholder relationships 组织傲慢：其前因后果对利益相关者关系的影响
IF 8.3 1区 管理学
Strategic Management Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1002/smj.3587
Daniel L. Gamache, Michael D. Pfarrer, Kevin Curran
{"title":"Organizational hubris: Its antecedents and consequences for stakeholder relationships","authors":"Daniel L. Gamache, Michael D. Pfarrer, Kevin Curran","doi":"10.1002/smj.3587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3587","url":null,"abstract":"Although research has explored how executive hubris shapes organizational actions, we theorize that hubris can also develop outside the executive suite. We introduce the construct <i>organizational hubris</i>, which we define as a durable, collective attitude marked by exaggerated pride and confidence in the organization. Organizational hubris differs from executive hubris in terms of level (individual versus collective) and target (self-focused vs. organization-focused). We argue that organizational hubris can develop among high-identification organizations via an external route (positive external attributions) or an internal route (charismatic messaging from top leaders), or both. Once developed, organizational hubris affects important outcomes by shaping (1) how external stakeholders perceive the organization, (2) how insiders treat external stakeholders, and (3) the relationship among internal stakeholders—particularly between employees and top managers.","PeriodicalId":22023,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Caveat emptor as an obstacle to business transfers: Effect of product line liability exceptions on acquisitions, entry, and exit 清空警告是企业转让的障碍：产品线责任例外对收购、进入和退出的影响
IF 8.3 1区 管理学
Strategic Management Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1002/smj.3584
Natarajan Balasubramanian, Jagadeesh Sivadasan, Wenjian Xu
{"title":"Caveat emptor as an obstacle to business transfers: Effect of product line liability exceptions on acquisitions, entry, and exit","authors":"Natarajan Balasubramanian, Jagadeesh Sivadasan, Wenjian Xu","doi":"10.1002/smj.3584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3584","url":null,"abstract":"Being able to sell a business not only allows a firm to exit an industry but is also a motivation for entrepreneurial entry. Therefore, factors that make acquisitions less desirable for potential acquirers could not only affect the rate of acquisitions, but also entry and exit. We test this in the context of judicial adoptions of product line exceptions, which increased acquirer exposure to potential accumulated liabilities. We find that after adoption, and relative to nonmanufacturing establishments, acquisitions of manufacturing establishments decrease, while exits through closure increase. Relative entry of manufacturing establishments declines. These effects are higher in industries where resalability of physical capital is lower and for smaller entrants. Interestingly, while the likelihood of acquisitions declines for older establishments, it increases for younger ones.","PeriodicalId":22023,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139910471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Borrowing networks for innovation: The role of attention allocation in secondhand brokerage 借用网络促进创新：二手经纪中注意力分配的作用
IF 8.3 1区 管理学
Strategic Management Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1002/smj.3585
Luke Rhee, Paul Leonardi
{"title":"Borrowing networks for innovation: The role of attention allocation in secondhand brokerage","authors":"Luke Rhee, Paul Leonardi","doi":"10.1002/smj.3585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3585","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how people connecting with brokers who span structural holes in a firm's communication networks can enhance their innovative performance. Through sociometric data from a large software company, we observe that individuals who pay attention to information from brokers achieve higher innovative performance compared with those who ignore such information. The advantage of paying attention to brokers' information is more pronounced when people operate in highly constrained networks. Yet, our post hoc analysis reveals that people typically allocate less attention to information from brokers than from local colleagues—they systematically do the opposite of what they should do for innovative performance. Our findings regarding the role of attention for secondhand brokerage make significant contributions to studies of networks and innovation for behavioral strategy.This study investigates how innovation is influenced by paying attention to brokers within a company. Brokers are individuals who bridge different groups, providing access to varied information. Analysis of internal data from a large software company reveals that employees who heed the ideas of brokers tend to be more innovative, especially in close‐knit networks. However, there is a notable tendency for people to ignore brokers, favoring information from familiar colleagues instead. This indicates a significant attention bias, where the potentially most valuable sources for innovation are often unattended. Our research highlights the critical need for a strategic approach to distributing attention within company networks, which can significantly boost innovative performance.","PeriodicalId":22023,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140482400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bribery, insecurity, and firm performance: Evidence from the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria 贿赂、不安全和公司业绩：尼日利亚博科圣地叛乱的证据
IF 8.3 1区 管理学
Strategic Management Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/smj.3578
Stefan Dimitriadis
{"title":"Bribery, insecurity, and firm performance: Evidence from the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria","authors":"Stefan Dimitriadis","doi":"10.1002/smj.3578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3578","url":null,"abstract":"During armed conflicts, when the rule of law collapses, bribery often becomes prevalent. Yet, the effect of bribery on firm performance under those circumstances remains unclear. Bribery could provide access to scarce resources, but it could also be the result of extortion. This study argues that bribes can improve firm performance during certain conflicts, when violence reduces public officials' ability to threaten firms. Using longitudinal data from businesses in Nigeria during the Boko Haram insurgency in 2009–2014, I find that firms exposed to Boko Haram attacks that bribed outperformed firms that did not bribe. Qualitative data suggest that the insurgency limited public officials' ability to threaten firms, making bribes less a means of rent extraction and more a way for firms to access resources.","PeriodicalId":22023,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139647834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Poised for growth: Exploring the relationship between accelerator program design and startup performance 蓄势待发：探索加速器项目设计与初创企业业绩之间的关系
IF 8.3 1区 管理学
Strategic Management Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1002/smj.3581
Valentina A. Assenova, Raphael Amit
{"title":"Poised for growth: Exploring the relationship between accelerator program design and startup performance","authors":"Valentina A. Assenova, Raphael Amit","doi":"10.1002/smj.3581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3581","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerator programs provide valuable market feedback and education to participants that may improve startup performance. However, it is unclear whether the average effect of accelerator participation on startup performance post acceleration is positive, and if so, how this effect varies with accelerator program design. We analyze data from 8580 startups that made it past the initial selection stage at 408 accelerators in 176 countries between 2013 and 2019. We compare accelerated and non-accelerated startups and find a positive average effect of accelerator participation on startup performance post acceleration. Moreover, we find that this effect varies substantially with program design, and depends on venture stage, industry, and founder expertise. Our findings highlight the impact of program design on the benefits that startups derive from accelerator participation.","PeriodicalId":22023,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transportation networks and competition in the market for corporate control 运输网络与公司控制权市场的竞争
IF 8.3 1区 管理学
Strategic Management Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/smj.3577
Marco Testoni
{"title":"Transportation networks and competition in the market for corporate control","authors":"Marco Testoni","doi":"10.1002/smj.3577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3577","url":null,"abstract":"While competition in the market for corporate control determines firms' ability to capture value from acquisitions, there is limited evidence of factors that influence such competition. This study explores whether airline routes intensify competition in this market and affect the target's returns. Targets can become better connected to distant latent acquirers (DLAs), which can increase the targets' bargaining power. Similarly, better connectivity can allow acquirers to reach distant latent targets (DLTs) and therefore increase the acquirers' bargaining power. Examining acquisitions between US public companies during 1980–2018, I find that lower travel time between the target and its DLAs increases the target's returns and the number of competing bids. Instead, the travel time between the acquirer and its DLTs does not play a role.","PeriodicalId":22023,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139518640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The inside track: Entrepreneurs' corporate experience and startups' access to incumbent partners' resources 内部轨道：企业家的企业经验和初创企业获取现有合作伙伴资源的途径
IF 8.3 1区 管理学
Strategic Management Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1002/smj.3576
Sarath Balachandran
{"title":"The inside track: Entrepreneurs' corporate experience and startups' access to incumbent partners' resources","authors":"Sarath Balachandran","doi":"10.1002/smj.3576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3576","url":null,"abstract":"Startups are increasingly turning to incumbent firms for venture capital, anticipating access to the investor's knowledge and complementary assets. However, startups' eventual access to these resources varies widely. This article highlights one important driver of such variance, whether startups' managers were previously employed by an incumbent in the same industry. Using data from the life sciences, I find that such corporate experience can precipitate technical knowledge flows to startups by enabling the generation of relational capital with incumbent firm managers. It also helps startups navigate incumbents' decision-processes to formalize access to downstream complementary assets via alliances. The former effect is stronger when corporate experience is technology-focused, the latter when it is commercialization-focused. Corporate experience at the investing incumbent firm amplifies informal knowledge-flows but not formal alliances.","PeriodicalId":22023,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139518482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knowledge diffusion in nascent industries: Asymmetries between startups and established firms in spurring inventions by other firms 新兴产业的知识传播：初创企业与成熟企业在促进其他企业发明方面的不对称
IF 8.3 1区 管理学
Strategic Management Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/smj.3568
Francisco Polidoro, Charlotte Jacobs
{"title":"Knowledge diffusion in nascent industries: Asymmetries between startups and established firms in spurring inventions by other firms","authors":"Francisco Polidoro, Charlotte Jacobs","doi":"10.1002/smj.3568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3568","url":null,"abstract":"Research on industry evolution highlights the role of knowledge-building activities of startups and established firms in shaping knowledge evolution in a nascent industry. Yet, research thus far has overlooked the possibility that differences between startups and established firms might also shape the diffusion of the knowledge that they build. This study abductively explores this conjecture in the context of solar energy by examining the extent to which the photovoltaic cell inventions that firms create spur subsequent inventions by other firms. In contrast with existing literature highlighting differences across firms in the types of inventions they create, this study reveals asymmetries between startups and established firms in the diffusion of the knowledge underlying their inventions, even when they create inventions with similar attributes.","PeriodicalId":22023,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139408831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Supply-side inducements and resource redeployment in multiunit firms 供应方诱因与多单位企业的资源重新配置
IF 8.3 1区 管理学
Strategic Management Journal Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1002/smj.3573
Jasmina Chauvin, Christopher Poliquin
{"title":"Supply-side inducements and resource redeployment in multiunit firms","authors":"Jasmina Chauvin, Christopher Poliquin","doi":"10.1002/smj.3573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3573","url":null,"abstract":"We examine to what extent and when multiunit firms internally redeploy managers between units. While theory has emphasized how changes in demand conditions affect redeployment, we argue that optimal internal resource allocation involves consideration of both demand and each unit's resource supply. We formalize this argument, showing how redeployment arises from “supply-side inducements”—return advantages in new over existing resource uses resulting from changes in resource supply. Empirical tests using manager deaths as an exogenous, supply-side shock to firms' resource stocks support our arguments, showing that firms frequently redeploy resources away from better-endowed and toward negatively affected units. Incorporating supply-side inducements into redeployment theory implies additional value-creation opportunities from redeployment and carries novel predictions for the direction of intra-firm resource flows.","PeriodicalId":22023,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Management Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138632269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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