Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Nonlinear turnover rates of soil carbon following cultivation of native grasslands and subsequent afforestation of croplands","authors":"G. Hernandez‐Ramirez, T. Sauer, Y. Chendev, A. Gennadiev","doi":"10.5194/SOIL-7-415-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/SOIL-7-415-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Land use conversions can strongly impact soil organic matter (SOM) storage, which creates paramount opportunities for sequestering atmospheric carbon into the soil. It is known that land uses such as annual cropping and afforestation can decrease and increase SOM, respectively; however, the rates of these changes over time remain elusive. This study focused on extracting the kinetics (k) of turnover rates that describe these long-term changes in soil C storage and also quantifying the sources of soil C. We used topsoil organic carbon density and δ13C isotopic composition data from multiple chronosequences and paired sites in Russia and United States. Reconstruction of soil C storage trajectory over 250 years following conversion from native grassland to continual annual cropland revealed a C depletion rate of 0.010 years−1 (first-order k rate constant), which translates into a mean residence time (MRT) of 100 years (R2 ≥ 0.90). Conversely, soil C accretion was observed over 70 years following afforestation of annual croplands at a much faster k rate of 0.055 years−1. The corresponding MRT was only 18 years (R2 = 0.997) after a lag phase of 5 years. Over these 23 years of afforestation, trees contributed 14 Mg C Ha−1 to soil C accrual in the 0 to 15 cm depth increment. This tree-C contribution reached 22 Mg C Ha−1 at 70 years after tree planting. Over these 70 years of afforestation, the proportion of tree-C to whole soil C increased to reach a sizeable 79 %. Furthermore, assuming steady state of soil C in the adjacent croplands, we also estimated that 45 % of the prairie-C existent at time of tree planting was still present in the afforested soils 70 years later. As intrinsic of k modelling, the derived turnover rates that represent soil C changes over time are nonlinear. Soil C changes were much more dynamic during the first decades following a land use conversion than afterwards when the new land use system approached equilibrium. Collectively, results substantiated that C sequestration in afforested lands is a suitable means to proactively mitigate escalating climate change within a typical person's lifetime, as indicated by MRTs of few decades.","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80301957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human activity in the surroundings of a former mill pond (Turznice, N Poland): implications for soil classification and environmental hazard assessment","authors":"Łukasz Mendyk, P. Hulisz, M. Świtoniak, B. Kalisz, W. Spychalski","doi":"10.37501/SOILSA/131617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/SOILSA/131617","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"371-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42915789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technogenic soils – soils of the year 2020 in Poland. Concept, properties and classification of technogenic soils in Poland","authors":"C. Kabała, A. Greinert, P. Charzyński, Ł. Uzarowicz","doi":"10.37501/SOILSA/131609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/SOILSA/131609","url":null,"abstract":"1 Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9796-3716 2 University of Zielona Gora, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Geoengineering and Reclamation, Prof. Z. Szafrana Str. 15, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland; ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-2082 3 Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland, ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1467-9870 4 Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, building no. 37, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland, ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7982-404X","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"267-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44104874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies of technogenic soils in Poland: past, present, and future perspectives","authors":"Ł. Uzarowicz, P. Charzyński, A. Greinert, P. Hulisz, C. Kabała, G. Kusza, W. Kwasowski, A. Pędziwiatr","doi":"10.37501/SOILSA/131615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/SOILSA/131615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"281-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44721919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic contamination in soil environment – a review","authors":"Young‐Nam Kim, Jung‐Hwan Yoon, Kye-Hoon Kim","doi":"10.37501/SOILSA/131646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/SOILSA/131646","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic is an indispensable material essential for modern human life. With highly increasing demand for plastic use, however, environmental contamination by plastic litters has become an emerging issue. Globally, large quantity of used plastics is landfi lled or emitted directly to the aquatic and terrestrial environments, albeit a part of the plastics is recycled or incinerated as energy source. In particular, microplastic debris that are smaller than 5 mm are considered to be emerging contaminants of global concern. In the past decade, however, most of the researches on impacts of microplastic contamination have been focused on the marine ecosystem, whereas very limited ones on the terrestrial ecosystem. Soil can be considered as a major sink and a carrier of microplastic contaminants to the aquatic environment. Most sources of microplastics in the soil environment are entered via a variety of routes and subsequent fragmented and spread to the surrounding environments, vertically and horizontally. In addition, there are negative impacts on soil biota, which in turn would cause concerns of human health by affecting the food web. Here, we provide an overview of characteristics, research trend, analytical methods, migration and degradation processes, effects on soil biogeochemistry, and interaction with soil organisms of microplastics suggesting the importance of ongoing research impacts of microplastics on the terrestrial ecosystem. Keywords","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"300-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48689413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Added value of geophysics-based soil mapping in agro-ecosystem simulations","authors":"C. Brogi, J. Huisman, L. Weihermüller, M. Herbst, H. Vereecken","doi":"10.5194/soil-2020-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2020-78","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. There is an increased demand for quantitative\u0000high-resolution soil maps that enable within-field management. Commonly\u0000available soil maps are generally not suited for this purpose, but digital\u0000soil mapping and geophysical methods in particular allow soil\u0000information to be obtained with an unprecedented level of detail. However, it is often\u0000difficult to quantify the added value of such high-resolution soil\u0000information for agricultural management and agro-ecosystem modelling. In\u0000this study, a detailed geophysics-based soil map was compared to two\u0000commonly available general-purpose soil maps. In particular, the three maps\u0000were used as input for crop growth models to simulate leaf area index (LAI)\u0000of five crops for an area of ∼ 1 km2. The simulated\u0000development of LAI for the five crops was evaluated using LAI obtained from\u0000multispectral satellite images. Overall, it was found that the\u0000geophysics-based soil map provided better LAI predictions than the two\u0000general-purpose soil maps in terms of correlation coefficient R2, model\u0000efficiency (ME), and root mean square error (RMSE). Improved performance was\u0000most apparent in the case of prolonged periods of drought and was strongly\u0000related to the combination of soil characteristics and crop type.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"339 1","pages":"125-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76306621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global concentrations of microplastics in soils – a review","authors":"F. Büks, M. Kaupenjohann","doi":"10.5194/soil-6-649-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-649-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Worldwide, microplastics (MPs) have been commonly recognized as a threat to soil ecosystems. Terrestrial soils are widely contaminated by MPs due to the application of sewage sludge and wastewater, plastic mulching, littering, the input of tire wear from roads and atmospheric deposition. Within the last decade, an increasing number of individual studies focused on item counts and masses of MPs in different global soil environments. We reviewed these studies to achieve a representative picture of common degrees of contamination. The majority of the prospected agricultural and horticultural sites were exposed to sewage sludge and mulching film application and showed concentrations of <13 000 items kg−1 dry soil and 4.5 mg kg−1 dry soil. Microplastic concentrations in soils in the vicinity of municipal areas were thereby 10 times larger compared to rural sites. The measurement of masses was generally underrepresented compared to item numbers, and mass data were often generated from microscopic analyses by using shape-to-mass models instead of direct measurements. Extreme values, such as on industrial sites, exceed the common concentrations by 2 to 4 orders of magnitude, which might be attributed not only to the land use but also to the applied methods of measurement. Campaigns that focus on other entry pathways like composts, road dust runoff and littering or land uses like grassland, forest, fallow and wilderness as well as industrial sites and landfills were underrepresented or nonexistent. Background loads, such as atmospheric deposition, were often not excluded from the measurements and, thus, the studies might overestimate the contribution of the analyzed entry pathway to the total load. Other studies focused on light density MP, e.g., from mulching films, and therefore underestimated the amount of soil MP. Despite these limitations, the data give an impression of the spectrum of global MP concentrations and are a good basis for experiments examining the effects of MPs on exposed soils. Based on the collected data, we identified problems of past studies and recommend that future experimentation take into account standardized methods of extraction and quantification, a proper characterization of the sampling sites and their history as well as the exploration of as yet underrepresented entry pathways and land uses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73896884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of regolith physical and chemical characteristics with geophysical data along a climate and ecological gradient, Chilean Coastal Cordillera (26 to 38° S)","authors":"M. Schaller, Igor Dal Bo, T. Ehlers, A. Klotzsche, R. Drews, Juan Pablo Fuentes Espoz, J. van der Kruk","doi":"10.5194/soil-6-629-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-629-2020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We combine geophysical observations from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) with\u0000regolith physical and chemical properties from pedons excavated in four\u0000study areas spanning 1300 km of the climate and ecological gradient in the\u0000Chilean Coastal Cordillera. Our aims are the following: (1) to relate GPR observations to\u0000depth-varying regolith physical and weathering-related chemical properties\u0000in adjacent pedons and (2) to evaluate the lateral extent to which these\u0000properties can be extrapolated along a hillslope using GPR observations.\u0000Physical observations considered include regolith bulk density and grain\u0000size distribution, whereas chemical observations are based on major and\u0000trace element analysis. Results indicate that visually determined pedolith\u0000thickness and the transition from the B to C horizons generally correlate\u0000with maximums in the 500 and 1000 MHz GPR envelope profiles. To a lesser\u0000degree, these maximums in the GPR envelope profiles agree with maximums in\u0000weathering-related indices such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA)\u0000and the chemical index of mass transfer (τ) for Na. Finally, we find\u0000that upscaling from the pedon to hillslope scale is possible with\u0000geophysical methods for certain pedon properties. Taken together, these\u0000findings suggest that the GPR profiles down hillslopes can be used to infer\u0000lateral thickness variations in pedolith horizons in different ecologic and\u0000climate settings, and to some degree the physical and chemical variations\u0000with depth.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80959224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristics of Salix viminalis L. crop flora established on soils with different phosphorus contents","authors":"Aneta Kutkowska, M. Janicka, J. Paderewski","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/128688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/128688","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was determination of the effect of soil phosphorus content on the diversity and dynamics of fl ora accompanying energy willow (Salix viminalis L.) crops in two time periods. The study was carried out in 2013–2014 in 5–7 years old plantations and in 2018 in 10–11 years old plantations, in three locations of the Łódź voievodeship. Six plantations established in two groups of soils were evaluated: 1) with very low and low phosphorus content and 2) with medium and high phosphorus content. The vegetation accompanying willow was identifi ed based on an analysis of 40 phytosociological relevés. The statistical analysis: PCA and cluster analysis were made. It was found that the vascular fl ora of Salix viminalis L. differed in the total number of species; 71 species were found in 5–7-year-old plantations, established on soils with a lower phosphorus contents, while on soils with a higher contents, the number of species was 56. In 10–11-year-old Salix viminalis L. crops the number of species was lower in two type of plantations. Perennial plants, dicotyledonous (74%–83%), hemicryptophytes, woodland and shrub, and meadow apophytes dominated in both plantation groups, irrespectively of the study period. Most species belonged to three phytosociological classes: Artemisietea vulgaris, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Stellarietea mediae. An analysis of the dynamics of fl ora, besides decreasing the number of species, showed that perennial species, woodland and shrub apophytes increased in both groups of the plantations. In crops on soils with a lower phosphorus content in the second part of the study period, species from the Artemisietea vulgaris class dominated, and on soils with a higher phosphorus content, species from the MolinioArrhenatheretea class. In both periods, legumes had a small share. Keywords","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"252-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47446682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selected chemical properties of sandy soil after 36 years of differential fertilization with mineral nitrogen and manure without liming in two crop rotation","authors":"D. Pikuła, A. Rutkowska","doi":"10.37501/soilsa/128687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/soilsa/128687","url":null,"abstract":"© 2020 by the authors. Licensee Soil Science Society of Poland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY NC ND 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). * Selected chemical properties of sandy soil after 36 years of differential fertilization with mineral nitrogen and manure without liming in two crop rotation","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"246-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48139328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}