Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Oxygen isotope exchange between water and carbon dioxide in soils is controlled by pH, nitrate and microbial biomass through links to carbonic anhydrase activity","authors":"Sam P. Jones, Aurore Kaisermann, J. Ogée, Steven Wohl, A. Cheesman, L. Cernusak, L. Wingate","doi":"10.5194/SOIL-7-145-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/SOIL-7-145-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The oxygen isotope composition of atmospheric carbon dioxide\u0000(CO2) is intimately linked to large-scale variations in the cycling\u0000of CO2 and water across the Earth's surface. Understanding the role\u0000the biosphere plays in modifying the oxygen isotope composition of atmospheric\u0000CO2 is particularly important as this isotopic tracer has the\u0000potential to constrain estimates of important processes such as gross primary\u0000production at large scales. However, constraining the atmospheric mass budget for the oxygen isotope composition of CO2 also requires that we\u0000understand better the contribution of soil communities and how they influence\u0000the rate of oxygen isotope exchange between soil water and CO2\u0000(kiso) across a wide range of soil types and climatic zones. As\u0000the carbonic anhydrases (CAs) group of enzymes enhances the rate of\u0000CO2 hydration within the water-filled pore spaces of soils, it is important to develop understanding of how environmental drivers can impact\u0000kiso through changes in their activity. Here we estimate\u0000kiso and measure associated soil properties in laboratory\u0000incubation experiments using 44 soils sampled from sites across western\u0000Eurasia and north-eastern Australia. Observed values for kiso always exceeded theoretically derived uncatalysed rates, indicating a significant influence of CAs on the variability of kiso across the\u0000soils studied. We identify soil pH as the principal source of variation, with\u0000greater kiso under alkaline conditions suggesting that shifts in\u0000microbial community composition or intra–extra-cellular dissolved inorganic carbon gradients induce the expression of more or higher activity forms of\u0000CAs. We also show for the first time in soils that the presence of nitrate\u0000under naturally acidic conditions reduces kiso, potentially\u0000reflecting a direct or indirect inhibition of CAs. This effect appears to be\u0000supported by a supplementary ammonium nitrate fertilisation experiment\u0000conducted on a subset of the soils. Greater microbial biomass also increased\u0000kiso under a given set of chemical conditions, highlighting a putative link between CA expression and the abundance of soil microbes. These\u0000data provide the most extensive analysis of spatial variations in soil\u0000kiso to date and indicate the key soil trait datasets required to\u0000predict variations in kiso at large spatial scales, a necessary\u0000next step to constrain the important role of soil communities in the\u0000atmospheric mass budget of the oxygen isotope composition of CO2.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82469737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of environmental factors and soil properties on soil organic carbon stock in a natural dry tropical area of Cameroon","authors":"D. Tsozué, Nérine Mabelle Moudjie Noubissie, Estelle Lionelle Tamto Mamdem, S. Basga, D. L. B. Oyono","doi":"10.5194/SOIL-2021-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/SOIL-2021-12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Researches carried out on soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) in the Sudano-Sahelian part of Cameroon are very rare. The few existing ones are mostly available in reports and concern in most cases carbon stocks in plant biomass. In order to contribute to the documentation on soils in this part of the country, the present work was designed to evaluate the SOCS in the main soil types and the influence of environmental factors and soil properties on these stocks under the natural dry tropical area of the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. The study was undertaken in four sites, including three natural forest reserves (Laf, Zamai, Kosohon) and one national park (Mozogo), located at different latitudes. Two replications were thereafter made, thus, giving rise to three sampling points chosen per site, from 0 to 75 cm depth, for the determination of the SOCS. At each sampling point, soils were sampled using depth increments of 25 cm from the surface. The studied area is covered by Haplic Vertisols, Dystric Arenosols, Dystric Leptosols and Dystric Planosols. T-SOCS content, which refers to a depth of 75 cm, decreases with increasing latitude, with 249±26.26 Mg.ha-1 in Vertisols at Laf forest reserve in the low latitude, 199±8.00 Mg.ha-1 in Arenosols at Zamai forest reserve, 166±16.63 Mg.ha-1 in Leptosols at Kosohon forest reserve and 161±8.88 Mg.ha-1 in Planosols at Mozogo national park in the high latitude, regardless of the altitude. No significant correlation was noted between T-SOCS and the altitude. A good correlation was noted between precipitation which decreases with increasing latitude and T-SOCS, indicating the importance of climate in the distribution of T-SOCS in the study area, which directly influence the productivity of the vegetation. More than 60% of the SOCS was stored below the first 25 cm from the soil surface, a peculiarity of SOCS in the drylands. The SOCS in the Sudano-Sahelian area of Cameroon is mainly influenced by climate and vegetation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90499092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of long-term Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb dynamics from soils fertilised with organic amendments","authors":"Claudia Cagnarini, S. Lofts, L. D'Acqui, J. Mayer, R. Grüter, S. Tandy, R. Schulin, Benjamin Costerousse, S. Orlandini, G. Renella","doi":"10.5194/soil-7-107-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-107-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Soil contamination by trace elements (TEs) is a major concern for\u0000sustainable land management. A potential source of excessive inputs of TEs\u0000into agricultural soils are organic amendments. Here, we used dynamic\u0000simulations carried out with the Intermediate Dynamic Model for Metals\u0000(IDMM) to describe the observed trends of topsoil Zn (zinc), Cu (copper), Pb (lead) and Cd (cadmium)\u0000concentrations in a long-term (>60-year) crop trial in\u0000Switzerland, where soil plots have been treated with different organic\u0000amendments (farmyard manure, sewage sludge and compost). The observed ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA)-extractable concentrations ranged between 2.6 and 27.1 mg kg−1 for Zn, 4.9 and 29.0 mg kg−1 for Cu, 6.1–26.2 mg kg−1 for Pb,\u0000and 0.08 and 0.66 mg kg−1 for Cd. Metal input rates were initially\u0000estimated based on literature data. An additional, calibrated metal flux,\u0000tentatively attributed to mineral weathering, was necessary to fit the\u0000observed data. Dissolved organic carbon fluxes were estimated using a soil\u0000organic carbon model. The model adequately reproduced the EDTA-extractable\u0000(labile) concentrations when input rates were optimised and soil lateral\u0000mixing was invoked to account for the edge effect of mechanically ploughing\u0000the trial plots. The global average root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.7, and the average bias\u0000(overestimation) was −1.66, −2.18, −4.34 and −0.05 mg kg−1 for Zn, Cu,\u0000Pb and Cd, respectively. The calibrated model was used to project the long-term metal trends in field conditions (without soil lateral mixing), under\u0000stable climate and management practices, with soil organic carbon estimated\u0000by modelling and assumed trends in soil pH. Labile metal concentrations to\u00002100 were largely projected to remain near constant or to decline, except\u0000for some metals in plots receiving compost. Ecotoxicological thresholds\u0000(critical limits) were predicted to be exceeded presently under sewage\u0000sludge inputs and to remain so until 2100. Ecological risks were largely not\u0000indicated in the other plots, although some minor exceedances of critical\u0000limits were projected to occur for Zn before 2100. This study advances our understanding of TEs' long-term dynamics in agricultural fields, paving the way to quantitative applications of modelling at field scales.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"61 1","pages":"107-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88966077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the benefits of clustering approaches in digital soil mapping: an application example concerning soil texture regionalization","authors":"I. Dunkl, Mareike Ließ","doi":"10.5194/SOIL-2020-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/SOIL-2020-102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. High resolution soil maps are urgently needed by land managers and researchers for a variety of applications. Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) allows to regionalize soil properties by relating them to environmental covariates with the help of an empirical model. In this study, a legacy soil data set was used to train a machine learning algorithm in order to predict the particle size distribution within the catchment of the Bode river in Saxony-Anhalt (Germany). The ensemble learning method random forest was used to predict soil texture based on environmental covariates originating from a digital elevation model, land cover data and geologic maps. We studied the usefulness of clustering applications in addressing various aspects of the DSM procedure. To investigate the role of the imbalanced data problem in the learning process, the environmental variables were used to cluster the landscape of the study area. Different sampling strategies were used to create balanced training data and were evaluated on their ability to improve model performance. Clustering applications were also involved in feature selection and stratified cross-validation. Overall, clustering applications appear to be a versatile tool to be employed at various steps of the DSM procedure. Beyond their successful application, further application fields in DSM were identified. One of them is to find adequate means to include expert knowledge.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84306244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of mountain non-forest soils with umbric horizon - a case study from the Tatra Mountains (Poland)","authors":"A. Miechówka, P. Zadrożny, R. Mazurek, K. Ciarkowska","doi":"10.37501/SOILSA/134619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/SOILSA/134619","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49298681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water – an important element not only of the soil environment","authors":"A. Mocek-Płóciniak, M. Skowrońska","doi":"10.37501/SOILSA/134620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/SOILSA/134620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44349479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of sealing on urban soil carbon and nutrients","authors":"Roisin O'Riordan, J. Davies, C. Stevens, J. Quinton","doi":"10.5194/SOIL-2021-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/SOIL-2021-18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Urban soils are of increasing interest for their potential to provide ecosystem services such as carbon storage and nutrient cycling. Despite this, there is limited knowledge on how soil sealing with impervious surfaces, a common disturbance in urban environments, affects these important ecosystem services. In this paper, we investigate the effect of soil sealing on soil properties, soil carbon and soil nutrient stocks. We undertook a comparative survey of sealed and unsealed greenspace soils across the UK city of Manchester. Our results reveal that the context of urban soil and the anthropogenic artefacts added to soil have a great influence on soil properties and functions. In general, sealing reduced soil carbon and nutrient stocks compared to greenspace soil, however, where there were anthropogenic additions of organic and mineral artefacts this led to increases in soil carbon and nitrate content. Anthropogenic additions led to carbon stocks equivalent to or larger than those in greenspaces, potentially of a stable nature with long residence times. This suggests that in areas with an industrial past, anthropogenic additions can lead to a legacy carbon store in urban soil and make important contributions to urban soil carbon budgets. These findings shed light on the heterogeneity of urban sealed soil and the influence of anthropogenic artefacts on soil functions. Our research highlights the need to gain further understanding into urban soil processes, in both sealed and unsealed soils, and the influence and legacy of anthropogenic additions on soil functions and important ecosystem services.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89132310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil erodibility factor (K) in soils under varying stages of truncation","authors":"Hanna Radziuk, M. Świtoniak","doi":"10.37501/SOILSA/134621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/SOILSA/134621","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41382627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen transformations from nitrogen fertilizers in soils of central and eastern Europe in changing climatic conditions","authors":"B. Gworek, J. Łabętowicz, M. Kijeńska, L. Tokarz, A. Baranski","doi":"10.37501/SOILSA/132440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37501/SOILSA/132440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45747956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying and correcting for pre-assay CO2 loss in short-term carbon mineralization assays","authors":"M. Belanger, C. Vizza, G. Robertson, Sarah S. Roley","doi":"10.5194/SOIL-7-47-2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/SOIL-7-47-2021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The active fraction of soil organic carbon is an important component of soil health and often is\u0000quickly assessed as the pulse of CO2 released by re-wetting dried soils in short-term\u0000(24–72 h) assays. However, soils can lose carbon (C) as they dry and, if soil samples vary in moisture content at sampling, differential C loss during the pre-assay dry-down period may\u0000complicate the assay's interpretations. We examined the impact of pre-assay CO2 loss in\u0000a long-cultivated agricultural soil at initial moisture contents of 30 %, 50 %, and 70 %\u0000water-filled pore space (WFPS). We found that 50 % and 70 % WFPS treatments lost more C during\u0000drying than did those in the 30 % WFPS treatment and that dry-down losses led to a 26 %–32 % underestimate of their CO2 pulses. We developed a soil-specific\u0000correction factor to account for these initial soil moisture effects. Future C mineralization\u0000studies may benefit from similar corrections.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79298672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}