History: Reviews of New Books最新文献_第6页

A Companion to Margaret More Roper Studies: Life Records, Essential Texts, and Critical Essays 玛格丽特·莫尔·罗珀研究的伴侣:生活记录，基本文本和评论文章

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2237252

Jaime Goodrich

引用次数: 0

The Olympics that Never Happened: Denver ‘76 and the Politics of Growth 从未发生过的奥运会:76年丹佛和经济增长的政治

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2237261

N. E. Sarantakes

引用次数: 2

Pyne, Lydia. Postcards: The Rise and Fall of the World’s First Social Network Pyne丽迪雅。明信片:世界上第一个社交网络的兴衰

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2237255

J. Larkin

{"title":"Pyne, Lydia. Postcards: The Rise and Fall of the World’s First Social Network","authors":"J. Larkin","doi":"10.1080/03612759.2023.2237255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2023.2237255","url":null,"abstract":"Eurasians’ fears of water during the Middle Ages. Carr includes the infamous story of the downing of Frederick Barbarossa in 1190 while on a Crusade to the Holy Land. The sudden drowning of Barbarossa socked all of Europe to and further exacerbated Europeans’ fears of the water. The more popular story surrounding people’s apprehension to swim or engage with water during the time may fears of witches and witchcraft. In Medieval Europe, water served as a testing grounds for those accused of witchcraft. People—typically women—accused of witchcraft were thrown in water. If they float, they were then in fact a witch; if they drowned, then they were not. For centuries this would be the narrative of non-swimmers to justify their fears of the water. The increasing popularity of swimming among progressive young intellectuals would shift this perspective as it soon captivated the attention of the upper and middle classes. The theme of class and its inextricable link to swimming is one that Carr carries through the entire book. Despite fears of water linked to drowning, religion, or matters of indecency, Carr suggests that since the Iron Age, elites had a keen interest in learning how to swim. When Greeks and Romans first learned how to swim, they attempted to emulate the sophistication of the Egyptians. By the sixteenth century, swimming remained popular among the elite classes. Despite stories and anecdotes of deaths by drowning that occurred in prestigious American Universities and elite circles, swimming became a fad for young progressive intellectuals. Part in parcel with the rise of middle-class culture, publications and manuals teaching young men became popular among younger generations in Europe and North America. By the nineteenth century, however, middleclass conservatives learned how to swim not only as a leisure activity, but the health benefits that accompany it. Perhaps one of Carr’s most salient strengths is the ability to weave together the histories and cultures of different groups. Those familiar with the scholarship on swimming may be preview to other monographs such as Jeff Wiltse’s (Wiltse 2010) Contested Waters: A Social History of Swimming Pools in America and parts of Victoria Wolcott’s (Wolcott 2014) Race, Riots, and Roller Coasters: The Struggle over Segregated Recreation in America. While such works, including Carr’s, have delved into the use of water, particularly swimming pools, as a site of segregation, her discussion of minority groups’ dominance of the water equally serves as a source of empowerment. For centuries, while Europeans feared the waters and did not know how to swim, Africans, for example, continued to embrace it as part of their cultural fabric. What is interesting about Carr’s argument regarding swimmers and non-swimmers is the fact that it was the groups later enslaved by Europeans were in fact exceptional swimmers. In fact, it was not uncommon for Europeans to employ Africans to teach their children how to swim","PeriodicalId":220055,"journal":{"name":"History: Reviews of New Books","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128327268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chaucer’s Italy

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2237262

Leah Schwebel

{"title":"Chaucer’s Italy","authors":"Leah Schwebel","doi":"10.1080/03612759.2023.2237262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2023.2237262","url":null,"abstract":"pretended family relationship” (101). It was a reaction by the government to those Labor local authorities which had tried to tackle homophobia (e.g. Greater London Council setting up a Gay Rights Working Party in 1981) and to stop schools talking about homosexuality (e.g. Leicester teachers had published Outlaws in the Classroom: Lesbians and Gays in the School System [Outlaws in the Classroom 1987]). Baker shows how the right-wing press targeted many LGBT books and videos, not just Jenny Lives with Eric and Martin by Susanne B€ osche (1983). He takes us through the Parliamentary debates highlighting the main homophobic protagonists and their shocking arguments. As Baker suggests, homophobia was “pompous and authoritative” (25). A lot of the debate focused on the interpretation of words and phrases like “pretended family relationship” and “promote”. In the debate on 16 February 1988, “pretended” was mentioned 55 times and “promote” 63 times. Toward the end of the debate, Lord McIntosh of Haringey said “(and I [Baker] detect a note of weary sarcasm in the transcript)” that he defended the right of any noble Lords “to deal with this difficult – nay impossible – wording not only line by line and word by word but syllable by syllable if they want to” (14). It’s no surprise that Section 28 came at the height of the moral panic over HIV/AIDs pandemic. Chapter 4 “The Path of Most Resistance” takes us through the many responses to stop Section 28 showing how LGBT people united with many becoming political for the first time. Resistance was substantial. From Organization for Lesbian and Gay Action (OLGA) and the national Stop the Clause campaign to a group of lesbian protestors abseiling into the House of Lords on a clothesline to invading the BBC Six o’clock news. Protesting didn’t stop when Section 28 became law. Chapter 5 “Under the shadow of Section 28” explores the terrible effects and the far-reaching consequences Section 28 had. School life was “tense, frustrating and scary” (189) for LGBTQþ teachers (also captured in the film Blue Jean released in 2023) who felt unable to deal with cases of homophobia. It was even worse for students who were bullied or wanted to find out more about their sexuality. The vague wording of Section 28 reached far beyond schools and Baker considers its effect on lesbian mothers who faced increasing discrimination in child custody cases. The arts also suffered. Again Baker highlights campaigning of lesbians and the organization of a gala benefit “Before the Act” produced by twentieth Century Vixen run by Wendy Martin and Trina Cornwell. Michael Cashman describes how “a raft of known-to-be-gay” performers were suddenly “unavailable” or heading “out of town” (204). The penultimate chapter looks at the rocky road to repeal and why it took six years for the Labor government to abolish Section 28 despite election promises in 1997. There is also a brief look at the separate repeal and “Keep the Clause” campaign in Scotland. F","PeriodicalId":220055,"journal":{"name":"History: Reviews of New Books","volume":"395 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129758043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gas Mask Nation: Visualizing Civil Air Defense in Wartime Japan 防毒面具之国:战时日本民防可视化

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2237249

Annika A. Culver

{"title":"Gas Mask Nation: Visualizing Civil Air Defense in Wartime Japan","authors":"Annika A. Culver","doi":"10.1080/03612759.2023.2237249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2023.2237249","url":null,"abstract":"ambulance unit in the HKVDC and had been a professor at Hong Kong University. After the surrender of Hong Kong, Major Ride played a key role in the establishment of the British Army Aid Group (BAAG). After his escape from captivity in Hong Kong, Ride proposed establishing an organization to help prisoners of war, internees and escapees from Hong Kong. It was set up in Kwantang Province and helped over 2000 prisoner of war escapees as well as smuggling food, drugs and messages to the prisoners of war. Hong Kong personnel from HKVDC such as Francis Lee Yiu-piu was one of the first agents of BAAG. He was betrayed to the Japanese Kempetai in April 1942. He was beaten and starved. The Japanese thought he was an intelligence officer of the Nationalist 187th Division and sent him to be shot by the collaborationists in Shenzhen. They released him to let the Nationalist government that they were only protecting the local population. Lee’s story is told throughout the book. He later took part in the Victory Parade London on 8 June 1946 and then worked for Douglas Clague, another BAAG member, after the war. There is a picture of them both in 1943 (123). This is one of the real strengths of this publication as the stories of the British officers are well-known but by diligent research the author tells the hitherto undiscovered stories of the Hong Kong personnel in the various units. The other Second World War unit that is well-documented, mainly by the behind the lines expert Mike Calvert in his Prisoners of Hope (1952), is the story of those who escaped to China with the aid of the BAAG and then fought in Burma in the Second Chindit Expedition as the 125 men of the Hong Kong Volunteer Company in 77th Indian Infantry Brigade under Calvert’s command. He divided the unit into three platoons according to their social and class backgrounds ‘unwittingly reinforcing the divide among them’ (149). One of which with the more experienced soldiers formed the Brigade Defence Platoon. Again the author tells their individual stories alongside the wider context of the Chindit Expedition and the campaign in Burma. He quotes Calvert’s assessment: “they had their shortcoming in attack, as they much preferred to win their battles by cunning, but they had their value in defence. They showed great aptitude for fieldcraft and concealment, and their fortitude under rigorous field conditions in Burma was first class.” (156). The last chapter of the book surveys military service during the Cold War, concluding that the military historical experience in the colonial period is a contested field but in more recent times has become an increasingly more important part of Hong Kong identity. The author has trawled the archives in Australia, the UK and Hong Kong to provide a very thorough examination. As the author states he found very little evidence of the role of locally enlisted personnel of the different ethnicities in Hong Kong such as Chinese, Portuguese, Eurasian and other national","PeriodicalId":220055,"journal":{"name":"History: Reviews of New Books","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125357704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Back to the Shops: The High Street in History and the Future 《回到商店:历史与未来的商业街》

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2221534

S. Elvins

{"title":"Back to the Shops: The High Street in History and the Future","authors":"S. Elvins","doi":"10.1080/03612759.2023.2221534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2023.2221534","url":null,"abstract":"ship on women’s experiences of birth is her focus on the ways the birth process created and defined community. Her arguments about community culminate in the fifth and final chapter, which explores the ways in which community was delineated by common exchanges surrounding birth. It is also in this chapter that Fox gives the clearest sense of how social status shaped women’s birth experiences. Women of the lower and middling classes defined their birthing communities by spatial proximity—women who lived nearby were connected by the intimate knowledge of one another’s reproductive lives forged by proximity, and they joined together to manage and celebrate the process of birth. Common rituals such as the tea gathering, when neighbors visited the mother and baby, or the practice of taking the new baby around to neighbor’s homes to receive gifts and recognition, provided occasions to delineate and reinforce community networks. In a literal sense, these practices demonstrated who was part of the mother’s and new baby’s community. Fox’s analysis of networks of information among women is particularly striking. As Fox writes, “Communal watching and waiting was not just a feature of birthing. It could, for example, encompass early pregnancy (with speculation about changing menstrual cycles of body shape), newly married couples or illicit sexual liaisons. Regardless of subject, this economy of talk and information sharing between neighbors reinforced and policed the moral values of the community and shaped rules for everyday living” (171). This kind of watching, for instance, allowed women to gain advance knowledge of illegitimate pregnancies and made it possible for them to act swiftly to support or repudiate unwed mothers. Indeed, Fox’s analysis of several cases of illegitimate births and infanticide accusations reveals that women who participated in exchanges of information tended to be incorporated into the community of women despite their transgressions, while those who were unwilling to do so were less likely to receive support and the crucial testimony that could shield them from legal repercussions. Fox’s book is engaging and readable and offers both a clear introduction to the practical and ritual elements of eighteenth-century childbirth as well as an intricate analysis of the social significance of birth practices. Her work would be strengthened by more attention to the significance of class differences in shaping the birthing process. Many of her most intimate sources, for instance, come from the personal correspondence of the English gentry; the importance of Fox’s analysis of these sources is not lessened by the fact that her conclusions do not apply to the full spectrum of English society, but it would be helpful to have more clarity about the limits of these interpretations. Although Fox’s narrative is rightly centered on the concept of continuity, she does tie her analysis to key changes in the social landscape, suggesting that “while the f","PeriodicalId":220055,"journal":{"name":"History: Reviews of New Books","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131133099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From the Holy Roman Empire to the Land of the Tsars: One Family’s Odyssey, 1768–1870 从神圣罗马帝国到沙皇之地:一个家庭的奥德赛，1768-1870

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2221535

K. Gerner

引用次数: 0

Only the Clothes on Her Back: Clothing and the Hidden History of Power in the Nineteenth-Century United States 《只有她身上的衣服:19世纪美国的服装和隐藏的权力历史》

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2221530

Robin L. Cadwallader

引用次数: 1

Giving Birth in Eighteenth-Century England 18世纪英国的生育

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2221533

Nora Doyle

{"title":"Giving Birth in Eighteenth-Century England","authors":"Nora Doyle","doi":"10.1080/03612759.2023.2221533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2023.2221533","url":null,"abstract":"death), and some people felt their sentences were unjust or ignorable, at least for a time. The second section addresses the consequences of excommunication for social life. It focuses on the idea that excommunicants were to be shunned by those in their communities—not speaking, eating, or doing business with them—the theory being that this would help convince excommunicants to correct their ways and seek absolution. Those who continued to associate with excommunicants themselves faced excommunication. Hill suggests that this type of ostracism was difficult and often not practiced, not least because excommunicants were not permanently to be shunned but only until they (presumably) sought absolution. Hill also relates this to canon law limitations on how excommunication could spread through such interactions, such as the well-known quoiniam multos provision (1078), that limited how far and in what circumstances excommunication could be contagious. These chapters also explore the social and legal consequences that excommunication placed on individuals, which could be particularly painful for prominent members of society. These included exclusion from church and from conducting legal business in the courts. Hill also emphasizes that excommunication could damage one’s reputation, particularly for prominent figures whose excommunications might be well publicized through large areas. This could have many consequences, not least in a legal culture where most evidence and arguments were based on oral testimony from witnesses and neighbors, who might reasonably have been influenced by rumors and publicized narratives of offenses of the type that might be publicized with excommunications. At the same time, Hill suggests the ways that general sentences of excommunication could be interpreted differently by different parties. The third section is the most innovative in the book and considers how excommunication served as kind of mass media broadcasting that could influence public opinion. Hill discusses cases in which prominent people sought to prevent the publication of sentences of excommunication, not excommunications themselves, as when Montfort prevented a papal legate from publishing sentences of excommunication against him (225–228). This section also includes a case study (in chapter 6) of a years-long dispute over the prebend of Thame in the 1290s, a conflict that involved excommunications on both sides of the conflict, whose different players had powerful friends within the church on the one hand and with the king on the other. The final chapter in section three (chapter 7) discusses the development of what was sometimes known as the “Great curse” in medieval England. Hill presents this as a particular formalization of the regular publication of offenses that led to automatic excommunication (latae sententiae). These sentences needed to be wellpublicized at regular intervals so that potential offenders would reasonably be aware that they were commi","PeriodicalId":220055,"journal":{"name":"History: Reviews of New Books","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114956040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Misfire: the Sarajevo Assassination and the Winding Road to World War I 失败:萨拉热窝暗杀和一战的曲折之路

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2221528

Stevan Bozanich

引用次数: 0