2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic resource management algorithm reconfiguration for multibeam satellite constellations","authors":"Sergio Aliaga, Juan Jose Garau-Luis, E. Crawley, B. Cameron","doi":"10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843701","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite mega constellations are a reality. The new generation of High Throughput Satellites has motivated the research in Dynamic Resource Management (DRM) strategies for satellite communications. Unprecedented levels of flexibility, granted by adjustable payloads able to reallocate resources such as power or frequency in real time, have placed manual resource allocation in a disadvantageous position. Many algorithmic solutions have been specifically proposed to address this issue. However, the majority of the proposed models have mostly been proven under conditions that do not represent the upcoming satellite communications scenarios. Failure to scale up those algorithmic solutions to current high-dimensional constellations might result in a poor resource allocation, or even worse, a service agreement violation. In addition, since many of the elements that are input to these algorithms change over time, new requirements impose being able to not only scale up but also reconfigure in real time in order to make the best use of capacity. To that end, this work presents and tests a methodology to dynamically configure DRM algorithms with the aim of granting viability of operation under multiple possible scenarios that reflect realistic operations. Using the specific frequency assignment problem as a test case, we show that adapting the algorithm's configuration based on analyzing the input scenario results in up to 79% reduction in computing time, allowing for more operation cycles. Thanks to the adapted configurations, the algorithm is able to reach a frequency assignment of the same quality in 88% less time compared to using a unique baseline configuration for all scenarios.","PeriodicalId":219988,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124574564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESCAPE Mission Implementation Overview: Exploring the Stellar Drivers of Exoplanet Habitability","authors":"B. Unruh, Tom Patton, B. Fleming, K. France, Tim Hellickson, C. Spittler","doi":"10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843535","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme-ultraviolet Stellar Characterization for Atmospheric Physics and Evolution (ESCAPE) mission provides the first comprehensive study of the stellar EUV environments that control atmospheric mass-loss and determine the habitability of rocky exoplanets. ESCAPE is a NASA astrophysics Small Explorer mission that completed Phase A in 2021. This ESCAPE mission concept overview highlights designs and implementation plans optimized for an Explorer-class mission architected to launch in late-2025. ESCAPE employs extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectroscopy (80 – 1650 Angstroms) to characterize the high-energy radiation environment in the habitable zones around nearby stars. ESCAPE will survey over 200 stars, including known planet hosts, to measure EUV irradiance, EUV flare rates, and the properties of stellar coronal mass ejections (CMEs). ESCAPE mission uses a low-risk, high-heritage design to ensure science objectives and mission requirements are met with ample flight system margin. The ESCAPE observatory includes a single instrument with no active mechanisms during science observations which enables a flexible operational concept with a high degree of automation for both science observations and ground station passes. The ESCAPE instrument comprises a grazing incidence telescope feeding four diffraction gratings and photon-counting microchannel plate (MCP) detector. The science instrument will be assembled and tested in the space hardware facilities at the University of Colorado Boulder's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (CU-LASP), and employs the versatile and high-heritage Ball Aerospace BCP-Small spacecraft. Data archives will reside at the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). CU-LASP is the mission prime and PI institution and supplies project system engineering to guide the mission design and development.","PeriodicalId":219988,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","volume":"464 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129660917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making or Breaking a Rover- Systems Engineering Parameters On-Board the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover","authors":"R. Siegfriedt, Emily Bohannon, A. Girerd, Ian A. Trettel, B. Roth","doi":"10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843325","url":null,"abstract":"On February 18, 2021, Perseverance, NASA”s Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL's) Mars 2020 Rover, successfully landed on Mars with all systems nominal, despite the risk surrounding the over 200,000 internal flight parameters that had to be properly configured. The Perseverance team defines these parameters as software variables that are configurable, commandable and retrievable from Earth. In 2015, the Mars 2020 project leaders focused on improving systems engineering of parameters based on their experiences from parameter management on previous Mars rovers (Curiosity, Opportunity, Spirit, and Pathfinder) and parameter failures of past missions, such as the mission-ending parameter of the Mars Climate Orbiter. The new rigorous development process allowed for efficient certification and effective implementation of the parameters, allowing the rover to approach and land on the red planet (the most challenging phase of the mission) with zero parameter issues. Although successful, the Perseverance team learned many lessons for how to better manage parameters for the continued surface operations of the Mars 2020 mission and future missions. This paper will discuss eight parameter-management topics for the Perseverance Mission. The first is parameter definition: how we define parameters on our mission, where they are physically located on the vehicle, and why we have so many of them. The second topic is the updated parameter flight software module from Curiosity, including details on the 99% reduction in parameter commands, new bulk configuration capabilities, and improved parameter traceability. The third topic is parameter selection for different mission phases; this includes improving and tweaking our preferred parameter settings until they become certification candidates and managing parameter configurations based on test venue throughout the mission life cycle. The fourth topic is our flight certification process; this includes certification of flight values for four different epochs in the mission: Launch, Entry Decent and Landing (EDL) – 6days, Landing + 5 Sols (Martian Days, still on Cruise Flight Software), and once are on Surface Flight Software (FSW). The fifth topic covers in-flight command implementation, along with details on testing, validation, and verification of those commands. In the sixth section, we will explain our use of open-source management tools, including how we used GitHub for version control and management approvals. The seventh topic will describe the ground tools used in operations, including capabilities of the in-house built tool called Parasol. The eighth and final topic will dig into lessons learned for improving parameter management in the future of this mission and others.","PeriodicalId":219988,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130330908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ray Tracing Techniques for the Characterization of Lunar Communication Architectures","authors":"Thomas Montano, George Bussey","doi":"10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843377","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of the computational techniques used to characterize the viability of different lunar architectures and their ability to provide communication services to the Lunar surface. This analysis was done with ray-tracing techniques that allow for computations on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) clusters for a high level of parallelism and severe reduction in computation time. The ray-tracing computations were done with the GPU platform Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) provided by NVIDIA, which utilizes General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU). This new method offers the advantage of being able to characterize a significantly larger portion of the Lunar surface due to its computational efficiency and providing a more accurate representation of communication limits instead of the typical and often inaccurate elevation angle mask. The Lunar surface can now be characterized by contact time, outage time, and distance metrics. With these metrics, different proposed Lunar architectures can be evaluated. This reduction in computation time leads to more accurate results and allows these results to be obtained in a time frame that allows for the complete characterization of the trade space. It is then shown that the architecture that provides the highest overall performance will be the dual twelve-hour pathfinder configuration. In addition, this computation method can recreate network parameter figures generated by previous methods but with an increased level of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":219988,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130506448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing Multi-process CPU Utilization using CUSP","authors":"M. Maimone","doi":"10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843349","url":null,"abstract":"The CPU Utilization Statistics Plotter (CUSP) tool automates the interpretation of detailed CPU Utilization trace data and statistics. It puts you on the cusp of understanding how CPU resources are split among the many parallel components of a software system. CUSP combines time-sampled CPU utilization numbers and Event Log annotations to generate human-readable plots and tables. It automatically splits up large CPU usage log files around interesting events, determines and highlights just the tasks of primary relevance by evaluating their changing contribution to each plot's total CPU usage, automatically eliminates irrelevant tasks, provides context by labeling plots with names and durations of all active commands, and uses consistent color-coding to enable quick visual comparison across multiple plots. CUSP has been used to process CPU Utilization trace logs on the Mars Science Laboratory and the Mars 2020 Rover missions during flight software development and Flight Operations on the Martian surface since December 2013.","PeriodicalId":219988,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","volume":"407 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126681472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Moisture Active Passive: Flying A Spacecraft From Home","authors":"M. Mizukami, Mark Garcia, Fannie Chen, R. Fogg, Vincent S. Hung, C. E. Kirby, Keven I. Uchida, R. Wing","doi":"10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843301","url":null,"abstract":"During the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) spacecraft was flown almost entirely from the homes of operations personnel. SMAP is a science spacecraft mission, measuring soil moisture, its freeze/thaw state, and other parameters on a global scale to support weather forecasting, disaster response and climate research. Institutional pandemic response protocols at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) prescribed that only mission critical and mission essential work may be performed on-site. Fortuitously, automation is a defining characteristic of SMAP operations. Ground systems are used to automate routine tasks but not to replace or replicate the technical expertise of human operators. Nominal operations are repetitive, occur around the clock, and automation allows them to be low cost. Potential contingency scenarios were assessed. Consequences of lost or degraded capability of major mission system elements were evaluated. In particular, the impacts of progressively reduced availability of ground antenna stations were considered. Operational adjustments were made to conduct nearly all functions remotely. Naturally, all meetings were conducted online, and chat rooms were set up. For the infrequent real-time operations, an uplink team of two was deployed to the mission ops center, and all other participants remotely monitored the telemetry and systems. The project policy that all manual uplinks must be performed on-site by two persons was retained. Maneuvers, normally performed on-site with support from several system and sub-system operators, were now performed completely remotely by activating one of a set of pre-loaded maneuver sequences. Despite the situation, significant non-routine activities were accomplished to address anomalies and programmatic needs. A major upgrade of the ground data system was performed, replacing aging hardware and updating obsolete software, although on a longer timeline than originally planned. An innovative parallel operations architecture was used to validate functionality and performance of the upgraded system, while still operating on the legacy system. Similarly, the flight system testbed needed to be upgraded, with the configuration swapped multiple times to accommodate testing and other programmatic needs. The spacecraft experienced a significant corruption of the non-volatile memory. Diagnosis and recovery using new tools were performed almost entirely from home. In summary, SMAP remote operations during the pandemic have been and continue to be highly successful. These experiences have demonstrated that much of the operations may actually be conducted remotely.","PeriodicalId":219988,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126805578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and Business Case Impact Assessment for Launch Systems Utilizing RDRE Propulsion","authors":"J. Bradford, Sam Bornstein, Hayden Magill","doi":"10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843686","url":null,"abstract":"The AFRL has been examining the potential of Rotating Detonation Rocket Engine technology through both high-fidelity numerical simulations as well as ground test programs. To further understand the merits of this type of liquid rocket propulsion, an impact assessment was recently conducted to quantify the performance improvements and gains when a notional expendable launch system is retrofitted with RDRE engines. For this effort, optimal design parameters for the RDRE engine were selected that maximized the delivered payload to orbit. Additionally, the impact to the launch vehicle operator's business case and financial viability were assessed, treating items such as the RDRE engine cost parametrically.","PeriodicalId":219988,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114101065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Planning to Minimize Platform Disturbances during In-orbit Assembly Tasks","authors":"I. Rodríguez, Jean-Pascal Lutze, Hrishik Mishra, Peter Lehner, M. Roa","doi":"10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843530","url":null,"abstract":"In-orbit space assembly has been proposed as a method to overcome the obstacles for deployment of large spatial structures. To make such assemblies economically feasible, they must rely on robotic arms to perform the required manipulation actions. The operations with the robotic arm inevitably affect the attitude and orientation of the spacecraft. This influence is well understood for simple trajectories; however, assembly sequences for full structures require multiple repetitive motions, with and without load, which significantly affect the attitude and orbital control of the satellite. This paper analyzes such perturbations for a complex assembly task, the construction of the primary mirror for a space telescope, using a hybrid planner with two levels: a low level that considers individual motions of the robotic arm, and a high level that generates the overall assembly sequence while minimizing the perturbations created on the attitude control system. The method effectively minimizes perturbations during orbital assembly tasks, therefore minimizing fuel or energy consumption in the spacecraft.","PeriodicalId":219988,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114231062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RadPC@Scale: A Novel Approach to the RadPC Single Event Upset Mitigation Strategy","authors":"Justin Williams, Colter Barney, Zachary Becker, Jake Davis, Christopher M. Major, B. Lameres","doi":"10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843540","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the flight test results of a single event upset (SEU) mitigation strategy for computer data memory. This memory fault mitigation strategy is part of a larger effort to build a radiation tolerant computing system using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) called RadPC. While previous iterations of RadPC used FPGA block RAM (BRAM) for its data memory, the specific component of RadPC that is presented in this paper is a novel external memory scheme with accompanying systems that can detect, and correct faults that occur in the proposed data memory of the computer while allowing the computer to continue foreground operation. A prototype implementation of the memory protection scheme was flown on a Raven Aerostar Thunderhead high-altitude balloon system in July of 2021. This flight carried the experiment to an altitude of 75,000 feet for 50 hours allowing the memory in the experiment to be bombarded with ionizing radiation without being attenuated by the majority of Earth's atmosphere. This paper will discuss the details of the fault mitigation strategy, the design-of-experiments for the flight demonstration, and the results from the flight data. This paper may be of interest to engineers that are designing flight computer systems that will be exposed to ionizing radiation and are looking for a lower cost SEU mitigation strategy compared to existing radiation-hardened solutions.","PeriodicalId":219988,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","volume":"37 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113969018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid State Sample Handling with Amplified Piezo Actuators","authors":"J. T. Costa, A. Ridilla, L. Sanasarian, K. Zacny","doi":"10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO53065.2022.9843760","url":null,"abstract":"Honeybee Robotics has developed a novel, solid-state sample handling technology that uses piezo actuated flexures to transport sample via asymmetric vibration. This inertial approach to sample manipulation is highly scalable to move arbitrary quantities of sample, handles samples with heterogenous properties such as particle density and shape, decouples mechanism size from electrical power requirements, and is highly robust to severe environments (vacuum, cryogenic, high temperature, high radiation). This paper describes the physics behind the transport mechanism, the design and analysis of the prototype system, results from prototype testing, and a discussion of potential applications of the technology.","PeriodicalId":219988,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114710442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}