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Microstructural characterisation of 3D printed and injection‐moulded glass fibre‐reinforced polypropylene by image analysis, simulation and experimental methods 3D打印和注塑玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯的显微结构特征通过图像分析，模拟和实验方法

3区材料科学

Strain Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/str.12463

Jörg Lienhard, Tin Barisin, Hannes Grimm‐Strele, Matthias Kabel, Katja Schladitz, Timo Schweiger

{"title":"Microstructural characterisation of 3D printed and injection‐moulded glass fibre‐reinforced polypropylene by image analysis, simulation and experimental methods","authors":"Jörg Lienhard, Tin Barisin, Hannes Grimm‐Strele, Matthias Kabel, Katja Schladitz, Timo Schweiger","doi":"10.1111/str.12463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/str.12463","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The mechanical properties of fibre‐reinforced thermoplastics and their dependencies on the manufacturing process, fibre properties, fibre concentration and strain rate have been researched intensively for years in order to predict their macroscopic behaviour by numerical simulations as precisely as possible. Including the microstructure in both real and virtual experiments has improved prediction precision for injection‐moulded glass fibre‐reinforced thermoplastics significantly. In this work, we apply three established methods for characterisation and modelling to an injection‐moulded and to a 3D printed material. The geometric properties of the fibre component as fibre orientation, fibre length and fibre diameter distributions are identified by analysing reconstructed tomographic images. For comparing the fibre lengths, a recently suggested new method is applied. Based on segmentations of the tomographic images, we calculate the elastic stiffness of both composites numerically on the microscale. Finally, the mechanical behaviour of both materials is experimentally characterised by micro tensile tests. The simulation results agree well with the measured stiffness in case of the injection‐moulded material. However, for the 3D printed material, measurement and simulation differ strongly. The prediction from the simulation agrees with the values expected from the image analytic findings on the microstructure. Therefore, the differences in the measured behaviour have to be contributed to the matrix material. This proves demand for further research for 3D printed materials for predictable prototypes, preproduction series and possible serial application.","PeriodicalId":21972,"journal":{"name":"Strain","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of woven yarn angle on the low‐velocity impact damage response of fibre woven thermoplastic composites 纺纱角度对纤维编织热塑性复合材料低速冲击损伤响应的影响

3区材料科学

Strain Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/str.12464

Sasa Gao, Yunjie Zhang, Zeyu Wang, Zuwang Yu

{"title":"Effect of woven yarn angle on the low‐velocity impact damage response of fibre woven thermoplastic composites","authors":"Sasa Gao, Yunjie Zhang, Zeyu Wang, Zuwang Yu","doi":"10.1111/str.12464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/str.12464","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fibre woven thermoplastic composites (FWTC) are widely used in aerospace and other fields because of their excellent performance. During service, FWTC structures are inevitably subjected to low‐velocity impact (LVI), which can cause invisible damage and eventual failure of the material. At the moment, studies on FWTC mostly focused on the orthogonal woven yarns while there's few reports about the effect of the yarn angle changing on the woven material's LVI damage response. This study aims at the effect of yarn angle changing on the damage behaviour of FWTC. A method for preparation of nonorthogonal prepregs was proposed, by which FWTC laminates with different yarn angles (60°, 75°, and 90°) were prepared for LVI tests. The results show that the maximum impact displacement and the impact duration of the impactor decrease with the decrease of the yarn angle when the FWTC laminate is subjected to LVI, while the maximum impact force shows an increasing trend. This indicates that the smaller yarn angle causes the better load‐bearing capacity of the FWTC laminate under LVI conditions, while the orthogonal FWTC laminate is more ductile. The damage morphology indicated by the impact of the FWTC laminate are matrix cracks and yarn breaks, and the damage area increases with the decrease of yarn angle, where the damage of orthogonal laminate is more serious more concentrated. The results found in this paper can provide useful guidance for engineering applications and failure analysis of FWTC.","PeriodicalId":21972,"journal":{"name":"Strain","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preliminary Analyses of Tympanic-Membrane Motion from Holographic Measurements. 全息测量对鼓膜运动的初步分析。

IF 2.1 3区材料科学

Strain Pub Date : 2009-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2008.00490.x

C Furlong, J J Rosowski, N Hulli, M E Ravicz

{"title":"Preliminary Analyses of Tympanic-Membrane Motion from Holographic Measurements.","authors":"C Furlong, J J Rosowski, N Hulli, M E Ravicz","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-1305.2008.00490.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2008.00490.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computer-aided, personal computer (PC) based, optoelectronic holography (OEH) was used to obtain preliminary measurements of the sound-induced displacement of the tympanic membrane (TM) of cadaver cats and chinchillas. Real-time time-averaged holograms, processed at video rates, were used to characterise the frequency dependence of TM displacements as tone frequency was swept from 400 Hz to 20 kHz. Stroboscopic holography was used at selected frequencies to measure, in full-field-of-view, displacements of the TM surface with nanometer resolution. These measurements enable the determination and the characterisation of inward and outward displacements of the TM. The time-averaged holographic data suggest standing wave patterns on the cat's TM surface, which move from simple uni-modal or bi-modal patterns at low frequencies, through complicated multimodal patterns above 3 kHz, to highly ordered arrangements of displacement waves with tone frequencies above 15 kHz. The frequency boundaries of the different wave patterns are lower in chinchilla (simple patterns below 600 Hz, ordered patterns above 4 kHz) than cat. The stroboscopic holography measurements indicate wave-like motion patterns on the TM surface, where the number of wavelengths captured along sections of the TM increased with stimulus frequency with as many as 11 wavelengths visible on the chinchilla TM at 16 kHz. Counts of the visible number of wavelengths on TM sections with different sound stimulus frequency provided estimates of wave velocity along the TM surface that ranged from 5 m s(-1) at frequencies below 8 kHz and increased to 25 m s(-1) by 20 kHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":21972,"journal":{"name":"Strain","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2008.00490.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28757565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

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