Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences最新文献

{"title":"Engineering Support of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation","authors":"W. Erdmann","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000593","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the support by engineering to the one of medical branches, namely orthopedics and its extension, i.e., rehabilitation. Human life gives large amount of congenital disorders, victims of disasters and accidents. In order to execute surgical operation physicians need special equipment. During the operation they apply different devices in order to bring back patients as much as possible to the society. During rehabilitation process people with disabilities use many simple or advanced equipment, facilities, outdoor parks. People with disabilities need to take care of themselves. They want to participate as much as they can in many aspects of healthy members of the society. Here they are helped by simple or sophisticated devices, e.g., orthoses, implants, prostheses, wheelchairs, specially designed sport equipment. Advanced approach to people with disability was presented during “Cybathlon” competition held in Zurich in 2016, i.e., robotic prostheses for upper and lower extremities, exoskeletons and other [1].","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82145630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceramic Biomaterials: What are their Biological Implications?","authors":"Alison Tyson Capper","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000592","url":null,"abstract":"Total Joint Arthroplasty (TJA) is an effective treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis. In 2019 there were 95,677 primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures performed in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and this is set to increase with our ageing population and rising obesity. As implants used in THA last on average 79.9% at 20 years, many patients require revision surgery which is associated with increased risks of infection, venous thromboembolism and mortality. Ceramics have become an increasingly popular implant bearing surface and their use has been increasing annually since 2008, with ceramic-on-polyethylene implants accounting for 37.8% of all primary THA performed in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. This is due to their reported properties of high wear resistance rate and being biologically inert. This brief review will cover examples of reported mechanical failure leading to component fracture, wear and audible hip squeaking in patients with ceramic implants. The ceramic wear debris in turn can stimulate a host inflammatory response, leading to osteolysis, aseptic loosening and pseudotumour formation. As ceramic use in hip arthroplasty increases, further understanding of the mechanical and biological mechanisms driving implant failure is required to improve implant longevity for patients and reduce revision surgery rates","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85948531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow through Renal Tubules: An Application through Porous Walled Ducts","authors":"Q. Azim","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000590","url":null,"abstract":"The study of fluid flow through porous walled channels and ducts has many applications in biomechanics and in industry. In industry, processes such as desalination, reverse osmosis and flow through various tubular nanostructures (see, for example, [1]). However, such fluid flow studies have gained much popularity due to their applications in biology and biomechanics. For example, a few dozens of blood flows through capillaries and arterioles each day. The blood pressure in arterioles is much lower in comparison with that in the main arteries. Therefore, the pressure gradient gives rise to Poiseuille like flow in such structures. However, the Poiseuille like flow cannot be maintained in the renal tubules of a kidney. Kidneys are vital organs in an organism and perform the function of filtration of fluid through the body. Kidneys balance the amount of water in the body apart from getting rid of metabolic waste. Each day, about 200 liters of blood passes through human kidneys in order to filter out about 2 liters of excessive water containing waste products in the form of urine [2]. Blood enters a kidney through renal arteries for purification where the metabolic waste in the blood enters glomerular filtrate (urine). Kidney contains more than a million small filtration units called nephrons. The nephron can structurally be divided into two parts-the Bowman’s capsule and the renal tubule. Absorption of useful substances like glucose, sodium, bicarbonate, potassium, phosphate, calcium and amino acids from the filtrate takes place in the nephron. This reabsorption takes place through small pores among the surface cells on the tube walls. The glomerular filtrate, after the reabsorption process is completed, enters the bladder through ureters for excretion. There have been several mathematical studies on the analysis of fluid flow through renal tubules, both in plane channel geometry and in cylindrical tube geometry. Researchers have assumed several variations in the type of variation that takes place through the tubule walls. Some discussions of renal tubule models were presented by Wesson [3] & Burgen [4]. These studies were theoretical in nature and the authors assumed a constant rate of reabsorption. There have also been studies on a purely mathematical basis that address the analysis of flow through porous walled channels and ducts. These works, however, by Berman [5-9] do not include the application of flow through renal tubules. The idea of these studies is to establish the nature of the flow as a two-dimensional flow. This is caused by a transverse velocity component that arises due to the suction/absorption that takes place at the surface of channel walls. Thus, the velocity pro les of such flows differs greatly from simple Poiseuille flow.","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91253251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Approach for Identification of Organic Residues Preserved in Roman Amphorae","authors":"Charlotte Saint-Raymond, C. Frugier, N. Cantin, I. Pianet, Florence Verdin, C. Noûs, C. Absalon","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000591","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have focused on local workshops in the Picton territory, the western center of Gaul. Picton potters notably reproduced the forms of amphorae imported from the north of Spain (Pascual 1, Dressel 2/4), or from the Narbonensis province (Gauloise 4 and 5). To ascertain to what end these amphorae were manufactured in the region, the chemical study of the organic residues left in the vessels was undertaken. An analytical protocol with a two-step analysis is proposed herein. Firstly, py-GCMS of sherds gives rise to a global print of the different compounds present in their pores, and permits to choose an adapted protocol of extraction for further GCMS analysis. In the present work, the methodology is tested using amphorae sherds originating from local workshops-hence never used-that we soaked in a wine of known composition, before analyzing them via both GCMS and py-GCMS showing the complementary of these approaches and their efficiency in the study of archaeological organic residues originating from amphorae found in consumption sites in Poitiers .","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77316985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planting of Cut Potato Tubers in India and Global: Urgent Need of Planter Mechanization to Produce Higher Tuber Yield","authors":"C. Chethan","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000589","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) family (Solanaceae) is one of the most important food crop and abundantly grown edible crop in the world. Potato is native to the South America, but cultivated all over the world and stands fourth position in cultivation after rice, wheat and maize [1]. Likewise, in India also, the potato ranks fourth most important food crop after rice, wheat and maize and accounts 1.23 percent of gross agricultural production. India is the second largest producer of potato after China with a production of 51.3 million tonnes from 2.14 million hectare area, having an average productivity of 23.96Mt/ha during 201718. During 2016, India produced a 44 million tonnes of potato out of 377 million tonnes of world production, which holds a share of about 11.6% of global production [2]. The potatoes are largely grown in the cooler regions, where mean temperature of the location does not exceed 18 °C during growing season. In India potato is grown in almost all the states, however the Indo-Gangetic plains comprising Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana states shares 80 percent of production from national total production [3]. The state wise production status of Indian states is given in (Figure 1). A clear comparison of the production and productivity of potato within Indian states is briefed in (Table 1). Potatoes are traditionally grown by the whole tubers, but it can also be grown by other vegetative organs such as sprouts and true seeds. Potato plant has a multiplication rate ranging from 1:10 to 1:15. The tuber has buds, also called “eyes”, arranged in a spiral manner, from which sprouts and shoots develop. Tubers of 40-60g are commonly used as seed potatoes, larger tubers are cut into two to four pieces containing at least one eye. The seed is a costly and critical input in potato production and it alone accounts about 36-38% percent of the total cost of cultivation [4,5] in potato production. The situation of increase in seed cost further increases Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Mini Review","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77555373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus Sars-CoV-2 as a Neuroinvasive Agent","authors":"Muñetón Gómez Vc, C. CantóNogués, M. NietoSampedro, J. MerinoMartín, A. CorralesCruz, C. MuñetónGómez, A. LunaAlcalá","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000588","url":null,"abstract":"The nervous system is involved in different vital functions that guarantee the survival of the individual. Covid-19 infection is a multisystemic and multi organic disease that disrupts homeostasis and endangers the infected individual’s life. It leads to neurological manifestations of varying intensity. However, the nervous system as a target of CoV-2 virus infection must be clarified. In this review we examine the expression of ACE-2 receptor and the interaction of Co-2 virus with nerve cells, describing some findings in nerve cells of different organs. Additionally, a CoV-2 dissemination map is postulated, with emphasis on the nervous functions at the somatic and autonomic levels .","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75057217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Organic Compound Degradation Capability of Indigenous Soil Bacteria and their Consortium from Oil Refinery of Assam","authors":"E. Ayaz","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000587","url":null,"abstract":"Spillage and discharges of hydrocarbons occurred due to storage, transportation, refining and processing of petroleum compound, these activities include leakage from oil pipelines, storage tanks, tanker leakage accidents, oil well waxing, overhauls of refineries and production of petrochemical equipment. Petroleum hydrocarbon is a crude mixture of alkane, cyclic alkane, alkene, and aromatic hydrocarbon, which are found to be highly toxic and carcinogenic in nature [1]. Many normal and extreme bacterial species have been isolated and utilized as biodegraders for dealing with petroleum hydrocarbons for bioremediation. This is also indicating that the joint action of multiple functional bacteria requires to achieve the best environmental purification effect for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination [2]. The advantages of microbial communities are presented because there are a variety of catabolic genes in a bacterial consortium, and the synergistic effects of these genes are beneficial to achieve the purification of pollutants [3]. In their finding, it was concluded that due to the abundance of alk B and nah genes responsible for the catabolism of hydrocarbons consortium show the maximum degradation as compared to individual isolates.","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83520389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence Literacy in Biomedical Research and Education","authors":"Sukhey Dey, Qiang Cheng","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000585","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75756346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LC-MS and GC-MS Based Isotopic Abundance Ratio Analysis of Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Ofloxacin","authors":"A. Branton","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000586","url":null,"abstract":"Ofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is useful for the treatment of many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections . This study was designed to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect ® -Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on the structural properties and the isotopic abundance ratio of ofloxacin using LC-MS and GC-MS spectroscopy. Ofloxacin sample was divided into two parts, one part of ofloxacin was considered as control (no Biofield Energy Treatment was provided), while the second part was treated with The Trivedi Effect ® -Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and termed as a treated sample. The LC-ESI-MS spectra of both the samples of ofloxacin at the retention time 3.02 minutes exhibited the mass of the protonated molecular ion peak at m/z 362.17 [M+H] + (calculated for C 18 H 21 FN 3 O 4+ , 362.15). The LC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of P M+1 /P M in the treated ofloxacin was significantly increased by 28.65% compared with the control sample. Thus, 13 C, 2 H, 15 N, and 17 O contributions from (C 18 H 21 FN 3 O 4 ) + to m/z 363.17 in the treated sample were significantly increased compared with the control sample. In the GC-MS the retention times of the treated sample (23.08 minute) was found to be close to those of the control sample (22.87 minutes). The peak area % of treated ofloxacin was increased by 0.7% compared to the control sample. Similarly, the GC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of P M+1 /P M in the treated ofloxacin was increased by 3.73% compared with the control sample. Hence, 13 C, 2 H, 15 N, and 17 O contributions from (C 18 H 21 FN 3 O 4 ) + to m/z 318 in the treated sample were significantly increased compared with the control sample. On the contrary, the isotopic abundance ratio of P M+2 /P M in the treated ofloxacin was decreased by 10.60% compared with the control sample. Therefore, 18 O contributions from (C 18 H 21 FN 3 O 4 ) + to m/z 319 in the treated sample were significantly decreased compared with the control sample. The LC-MS and GC-MS based isotopic abundance ratios of P M+1 /P M ( 2 H/ 1 H or 13 C/ 12 C or 15 N/ 14 N or 17 O/ 16 O) and P M+2 /P M ( 18 O/ 16 O) and peak area % in the treated ofloxacin were significantly altered compared to the control sample. The new form of treated ofloxacin would be better soluble and bioavailable compared to the control sample and would be very useful to design better pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against urinary tract infections, infectious diarrhoea, infections of the urethra and cervix,","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80823776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum Graecum) seeds on Hyperglycemia Induced with Alloxan","authors":"Dakah Abdulkarim, Aljabari Bayan, Al Khateeb Kindaa","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000584","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. The number of people suffering from the disease worldwide is increasing at an alarming rate. Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum ) is an herb long used in alternative medicine. This herb has many health benefits. These benefits may be due to fenugreek’s role in improving insulin function. Objectives: To evaluate antidiabetic effects of Fenugreek seeds extract on Alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Methods: The total of 30 mice (n=10) were grouped randomly into 3 groups as followings: Group I: Normal control (NC), Group II: Diabetic control (DC) and Group III: Treatment Diabetic Group (DT). Mice were injected with subcutaneous injection 180mg/kg body of freshly prepared of Alloxan and Diabetes mellitus confirmed by testing blood glucose, and mice with blood glucose level of ≥200mg/dl were considered as diabetic. Diabetic mice were received 10mg/kg of body weight from fenugreek extract. Result: All Diabetic mice that received extract showed a significant decrease in blood sugar (P<0.01). Conclusion: Fenugreek seeds reduce blood sugar levels.","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"7 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85018572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}