Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences最新文献

{"title":"Flow through Renal Tubules: An Application through Porous Walled Ducts","authors":"Q. Azim","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000590","url":null,"abstract":"The study of fluid flow through porous walled channels and ducts has many applications in biomechanics and in industry. In industry, processes such as desalination, reverse osmosis and flow through various tubular nanostructures (see, for example, [1]). However, such fluid flow studies have gained much popularity due to their applications in biology and biomechanics. For example, a few dozens of blood flows through capillaries and arterioles each day. The blood pressure in arterioles is much lower in comparison with that in the main arteries. Therefore, the pressure gradient gives rise to Poiseuille like flow in such structures. However, the Poiseuille like flow cannot be maintained in the renal tubules of a kidney. Kidneys are vital organs in an organism and perform the function of filtration of fluid through the body. Kidneys balance the amount of water in the body apart from getting rid of metabolic waste. Each day, about 200 liters of blood passes through human kidneys in order to filter out about 2 liters of excessive water containing waste products in the form of urine [2]. Blood enters a kidney through renal arteries for purification where the metabolic waste in the blood enters glomerular filtrate (urine). Kidney contains more than a million small filtration units called nephrons. The nephron can structurally be divided into two parts-the Bowman’s capsule and the renal tubule. Absorption of useful substances like glucose, sodium, bicarbonate, potassium, phosphate, calcium and amino acids from the filtrate takes place in the nephron. This reabsorption takes place through small pores among the surface cells on the tube walls. The glomerular filtrate, after the reabsorption process is completed, enters the bladder through ureters for excretion. There have been several mathematical studies on the analysis of fluid flow through renal tubules, both in plane channel geometry and in cylindrical tube geometry. Researchers have assumed several variations in the type of variation that takes place through the tubule walls. Some discussions of renal tubule models were presented by Wesson [3] & Burgen [4]. These studies were theoretical in nature and the authors assumed a constant rate of reabsorption. There have also been studies on a purely mathematical basis that address the analysis of flow through porous walled channels and ducts. These works, however, by Berman [5-9] do not include the application of flow through renal tubules. The idea of these studies is to establish the nature of the flow as a two-dimensional flow. This is caused by a transverse velocity component that arises due to the suction/absorption that takes place at the surface of channel walls. Thus, the velocity pro les of such flows differs greatly from simple Poiseuille flow.","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91253251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Approach for Identification of Organic Residues Preserved in Roman Amphorae","authors":"Charlotte Saint-Raymond, C. Frugier, N. Cantin, I. Pianet, Florence Verdin, C. Noûs, C. Absalon","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000591","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have focused on local workshops in the Picton territory, the western center of Gaul. Picton potters notably reproduced the forms of amphorae imported from the north of Spain (Pascual 1, Dressel 2/4), or from the Narbonensis province (Gauloise 4 and 5). To ascertain to what end these amphorae were manufactured in the region, the chemical study of the organic residues left in the vessels was undertaken. An analytical protocol with a two-step analysis is proposed herein. Firstly, py-GCMS of sherds gives rise to a global print of the different compounds present in their pores, and permits to choose an adapted protocol of extraction for further GCMS analysis. In the present work, the methodology is tested using amphorae sherds originating from local workshops-hence never used-that we soaked in a wine of known composition, before analyzing them via both GCMS and py-GCMS showing the complementary of these approaches and their efficiency in the study of archaeological organic residues originating from amphorae found in consumption sites in Poitiers .","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77316985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planting of Cut Potato Tubers in India and Global: Urgent Need of Planter Mechanization to Produce Higher Tuber Yield","authors":"C. Chethan","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000589","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) family (Solanaceae) is one of the most important food crop and abundantly grown edible crop in the world. Potato is native to the South America, but cultivated all over the world and stands fourth position in cultivation after rice, wheat and maize [1]. Likewise, in India also, the potato ranks fourth most important food crop after rice, wheat and maize and accounts 1.23 percent of gross agricultural production. India is the second largest producer of potato after China with a production of 51.3 million tonnes from 2.14 million hectare area, having an average productivity of 23.96Mt/ha during 201718. During 2016, India produced a 44 million tonnes of potato out of 377 million tonnes of world production, which holds a share of about 11.6% of global production [2]. The potatoes are largely grown in the cooler regions, where mean temperature of the location does not exceed 18 °C during growing season. In India potato is grown in almost all the states, however the Indo-Gangetic plains comprising Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana states shares 80 percent of production from national total production [3]. The state wise production status of Indian states is given in (Figure 1). A clear comparison of the production and productivity of potato within Indian states is briefed in (Table 1). Potatoes are traditionally grown by the whole tubers, but it can also be grown by other vegetative organs such as sprouts and true seeds. Potato plant has a multiplication rate ranging from 1:10 to 1:15. The tuber has buds, also called “eyes”, arranged in a spiral manner, from which sprouts and shoots develop. Tubers of 40-60g are commonly used as seed potatoes, larger tubers are cut into two to four pieces containing at least one eye. The seed is a costly and critical input in potato production and it alone accounts about 36-38% percent of the total cost of cultivation [4,5] in potato production. The situation of increase in seed cost further increases Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Mini Review","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77555373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus Sars-CoV-2 as a Neuroinvasive Agent","authors":"Muñetón Gómez Vc, C. CantóNogués, M. NietoSampedro, J. MerinoMartín, A. CorralesCruz, C. MuñetónGómez, A. LunaAlcalá","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2021.04.000588","url":null,"abstract":"The nervous system is involved in different vital functions that guarantee the survival of the individual. Covid-19 infection is a multisystemic and multi organic disease that disrupts homeostasis and endangers the infected individual’s life. It leads to neurological manifestations of varying intensity. However, the nervous system as a target of CoV-2 virus infection must be clarified. In this review we examine the expression of ACE-2 receptor and the interaction of Co-2 virus with nerve cells, describing some findings in nerve cells of different organs. Additionally, a CoV-2 dissemination map is postulated, with emphasis on the nervous functions at the somatic and autonomic levels .","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75057217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence Literacy in Biomedical Research and Education","authors":"Sukhey Dey, Qiang Cheng","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000585","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75756346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LC-MS and GC-MS Based Isotopic Abundance Ratio Analysis of Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Ofloxacin","authors":"A. Branton","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000586","url":null,"abstract":"Ofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is useful for the treatment of many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections . This study was designed to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect ® -Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on the structural properties and the isotopic abundance ratio of ofloxacin using LC-MS and GC-MS spectroscopy. Ofloxacin sample was divided into two parts, one part of ofloxacin was considered as control (no Biofield Energy Treatment was provided), while the second part was treated with The Trivedi Effect ® -Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and termed as a treated sample. The LC-ESI-MS spectra of both the samples of ofloxacin at the retention time 3.02 minutes exhibited the mass of the protonated molecular ion peak at m/z 362.17 [M+H] + (calculated for C 18 H 21 FN 3 O 4+ , 362.15). The LC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of P M+1 /P M in the treated ofloxacin was significantly increased by 28.65% compared with the control sample. Thus, 13 C, 2 H, 15 N, and 17 O contributions from (C 18 H 21 FN 3 O 4 ) + to m/z 363.17 in the treated sample were significantly increased compared with the control sample. In the GC-MS the retention times of the treated sample (23.08 minute) was found to be close to those of the control sample (22.87 minutes). The peak area % of treated ofloxacin was increased by 0.7% compared to the control sample. Similarly, the GC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of P M+1 /P M in the treated ofloxacin was increased by 3.73% compared with the control sample. Hence, 13 C, 2 H, 15 N, and 17 O contributions from (C 18 H 21 FN 3 O 4 ) + to m/z 318 in the treated sample were significantly increased compared with the control sample. On the contrary, the isotopic abundance ratio of P M+2 /P M in the treated ofloxacin was decreased by 10.60% compared with the control sample. Therefore, 18 O contributions from (C 18 H 21 FN 3 O 4 ) + to m/z 319 in the treated sample were significantly decreased compared with the control sample. The LC-MS and GC-MS based isotopic abundance ratios of P M+1 /P M ( 2 H/ 1 H or 13 C/ 12 C or 15 N/ 14 N or 17 O/ 16 O) and P M+2 /P M ( 18 O/ 16 O) and peak area % in the treated ofloxacin were significantly altered compared to the control sample. The new form of treated ofloxacin would be better soluble and bioavailable compared to the control sample and would be very useful to design better pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against urinary tract infections, infectious diarrhoea, infections of the urethra and cervix,","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80823776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum Graecum) seeds on Hyperglycemia Induced with Alloxan","authors":"Dakah Abdulkarim, Aljabari Bayan, Al Khateeb Kindaa","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000584","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. The number of people suffering from the disease worldwide is increasing at an alarming rate. Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum ) is an herb long used in alternative medicine. This herb has many health benefits. These benefits may be due to fenugreek’s role in improving insulin function. Objectives: To evaluate antidiabetic effects of Fenugreek seeds extract on Alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Methods: The total of 30 mice (n=10) were grouped randomly into 3 groups as followings: Group I: Normal control (NC), Group II: Diabetic control (DC) and Group III: Treatment Diabetic Group (DT). Mice were injected with subcutaneous injection 180mg/kg body of freshly prepared of Alloxan and Diabetes mellitus confirmed by testing blood glucose, and mice with blood glucose level of ≥200mg/dl were considered as diabetic. Diabetic mice were received 10mg/kg of body weight from fenugreek extract. Result: All Diabetic mice that received extract showed a significant decrease in blood sugar (P<0.01). Conclusion: Fenugreek seeds reduce blood sugar levels.","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"7 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85018572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Sustainable Green World? A Better use of OM","authors":"Orange Didier","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000581","url":null,"abstract":"In a world in constant and rapid changes, it becomes urgent that research activities adopt new methodologies to develop technological innovations allowing rapid adaptations by the policy-makers and the smallholders in respect to the environment. Nature-based solutions (NBS) and problem-solving learning (PSL) ensure active participation from the actors. By this way ecohydrology within bioengineering, bioinspiration, ecological engineering offers new opportunities for scientific activities on organic matter (OM) management to pass achievements to policy makers and the public through more active developments in social media. Then better competencies on OM management will create opportunities for technological innovations and paradigm shifts to make possible and efficient an economic and ecological asset for green production, promoting food and health security for the populations and for a sustainable environment. As more and more well known, the stationarity is dead. The Earth is a non-linear complex system. Recent discoveries on the importance of living things and their environmental feedbacks, on the role of homeostatic processes and breakpoints confirm that global warming is only part of the current ecological crisis which is also manifested by the loss of biodiversity, the loss of soil fertility, the water pollution but also the drastic increase in diseases that affect the entire living world. The current COVID-19 pandemic is just one more dramatic example. In 2020, the management of domestic wastewater remains a major global challenge, as well as feeding the poorest populations, stopping the soil losses through the galloping urbanization and mitigating the environmental quality of our cities. 2/3 of the world’s population still does not have access to sanitation, creating recurrent health and environmental disasters. The majority of them are in tropical regions, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa, in countries whose economy does not allow the rapid development of wastewater treatment plants. It is therefore necessary to innovate and change the wastewater management model. Like international institutions (UNESCO, USAID, AFD, FFEM, etc.) and the pursuit of the SDGs for the Horizon 2030, the Research arena is highly challenged to develop technological innovations allowing changes in concepts regarding the perception of the usefulness of wastewater for green production. Domestic wastewater represents a volume of water loaded with organic matter useful for plant production (natural and agricultural), for the rational and amplified use of water and soil (maintenance of fertility, carbon storage) and for improvement of the living conditions of the populations while fully respecting their health, their environment, the soils, the waters and the biodiversity. The innovation opportunities are numerous, from process engineering to ecological engineering and bioengineering, from biogeochemist and microbiologist to creator of IoT and AI algorithm, from architect ","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"23 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80945479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Donor Heart Assessment Model","authors":"Tenchurina Ea","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000580","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of donor heart-an important step, which affects the success of heart transplantation. Purpose- creating a model for evaluation of a donor’s heart, based on donor characteristics. Materials and Methods Data consists of 650 brain dead donors (BDD) in a period from 1st of January 2012 till 31st of December 2017. In model creation, binomial logistic regression used. The dependent variable is a rejection of donor heart and donor characteristics attributed to independent factors. The odds ratios (OR) value determined for each factor, then transformed into points, and the sum of the points is a score of the donor’s heart. The given model is validated by choosing 218 donors for the period from 1st of January 2019 till 31st of December 2019. Donors characteristics included in the model are age, cause of death (Traumatic brain injury/Stroke), history of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus, out (-in) hospital cardiac arrest, cardiac trauma, and HR, MAP, arterial lactate, requirements of norepinephrine before procurement of organs. Based on the average value of the sum of points, 2 groups were identified: donors of low risk (≤17 points) and donors of high risk (≥18 points). Analysis of the ROC curve showed the properties of the predictive model, AUC-0.904, sensitivity-90.2 %, specificity-90.4 %. This given model assessing donor hearts accurately reflects the probability of using the heart of the donor for transplantation and forms features for optimal distribution of cardiac transplants, especially from donors of high risk.","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89272939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Space-Dependent Thermal Conductivity on Heat Transfer in a Vertical Annulus with Asymmetric Surface Heating","authors":"M. Oni","doi":"10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/SBB.2020.04.000578","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two centuries, thermal conductivity (often denoted k, λ, or κ) is the property of a material to conduct heat. It is evaluated primarily in terms of Fourier’s law for heat conduction. Materials of high thermal conductivity transfer heat faster than materials with lower thermal conductivity. Correspondingly, materials of high thermal conductivity are widely used in heat sink applications and materials of low thermal conductivity are used as thermal insulation. The thermal conductivity of a material may depend on temperature. Thermal conductivity is important in material science research, electronics, building insulation and related fields, especially where high operating temperatures are achieved. The impact of temperature dependent thermal conductivity has been studied over decades and interesting results have been obtained. Prasad et al. [1] studied the effects of variable fluid properties on the hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer over a non-linearly stretching sheet. Later, Animasaun [2] investigated the effect of thermophoresis, variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on free convective heat and mass transfer of non-darcian MHD dissipative casson fluid flow with suction and order of chemical reaction. He concluded that viscosity parameter as well as thermal conductivity parameter decreases fluid temperature. Other works on temperature dependent thermal conductivity can be found in [3-6].","PeriodicalId":21951,"journal":{"name":"Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78605572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}