SEIN Environmental Impacts of Business eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Why Do States Adopt Renewable Portfolio Standards? An Empirical Investigation","authors":"Thomas P. Lyon, Haitao Yin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1025513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1025513","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable portfolio standards (RPSs) for electricity generation are politically popular in many U.S. states although economic analysis suggests they are not first-best policies. We present an empirical analysis of the political and economic factors that drive state governments to adopt an RPS, and the factors that lead to the inclusion of in-state requirements given the adoption of an RPS. Although advocates claim an RPS will stimulate job growth, we find that states with high unemployment rates are slower to adopt an RPS. Local environmental conditions and preferences have no significant effect on the timing of adoption. Overall, RPS adoption seems to be driven more by political ideology and private interests than by local environmental and employment benefits, raising questions as to when environmental federalism serves the public interest.","PeriodicalId":219371,"journal":{"name":"SEIN Environmental Impacts of Business eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129411171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viability of Marketing Apparel Made of Lyocell Fabric: A Case Study on India","authors":"Paromita Goswami","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.983307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.983307","url":null,"abstract":"The paper attempts to understand whether it is viable to market apparel made from lyocell fabric, an environmentally sustainable product in India.","PeriodicalId":219371,"journal":{"name":"SEIN Environmental Impacts of Business eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130320226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Individual Behavior to Address Climate Change: Options for Congress","authors":"J. Dernbach","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.983632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.983632","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to answer a question about the design of national climate change legislation that has not received significant attention: How should Congress engage individuals in the effort to address climate change? The comprehensive climate change bills introduced in Congress focus primarily on large emitting entities. While this focus needs to be a key element, individuals also need to be engaged. Individuals outside of their work are responsible for one-third of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, and the U.S. has a higher per capita energy consumption rate than virtually any other country. Individuals can play at least two complementary and mutually reinforcing roles - as citizens participating in the implementation process and as consumers. Although each of the bills contains pieces of an individual engagement strategy, none reflect a comprehensive approach. The article recommends a broad range of provisions, including public participation, targets and timetables, numerous forms of public information, and a variety of incentives and pathways for individual action. The purpose of such provisions is to complement, not substitute for, provisions addressing major emitters. For example, allowances or proceeds from the sale of allowances should be distributed to individuals who engage in energy efficient or carbon-reducing activities. A congressional effort to engage individuals would take advantage of some of the nation's key strengths - individual initiative, engaged citizenship, and collective sense of purpose. Such legislation would more likely be at least equal to the challenge in front of us.","PeriodicalId":219371,"journal":{"name":"SEIN Environmental Impacts of Business eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115888367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sight for Sore Eyes: Assessing the Value of View and Landscape Use on the Housing Market","authors":"A. Baranzini, C. Schaerer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.981189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.981189","url":null,"abstract":"We apply a hedonic model to the Geneva-Switzerland rental market to assess the value of view from dwellings and of land uses around buildings. Using a geographic information system, we calculate three-dimensional view variables, accessibility and land use variables. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to develop precise view measures at the dwelling level, considering surrounding land uses, in an urban context and with a large sample of 13,000 observations. The results show that view of various environmental amenities and its size has a significant impact on rents. The estimated rent premium for a dwelling located in a neighbourhood with an extended surface of water can be as high as 3%, and a view of water-covered area can raise rent up to 57%.","PeriodicalId":219371,"journal":{"name":"SEIN Environmental Impacts of Business eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120979828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Responsibility Standards and Global Environmental Accountability - A Developing Country Perspective","authors":"K. B. Murthy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.977767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.977767","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that accountability, responsibility and governance go hand in hand. Evolving standards is a part of governance. Unless such a global perspective is adopted “Social Responsibility and the implications for Developing Countries”, which is the theme for this workshop, cannot be unraveled. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how Social Responsibility Standards and their relation to environmental sustainability cannot be addressed without relating it to Global Environmental Degradation, Global Environmental Accountability and Global Environmental Management. Also that there is a need to adopt the coercive connotation of accountability. It raises several issues in this context. The emphasis is on transorganizational development and the need for measurement. The limitations of evolving standards in this context are raised. It argues in favor of having differential standards. The main problem, for implementing differential standards is, however, that this would need a system of metrics that measures social dimensionalities and parameters. For this the new developments in environmental economics need to be incorporated into the framework of evolution of International Standards.","PeriodicalId":219371,"journal":{"name":"SEIN Environmental Impacts of Business eJournal","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134071934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and Environmental Efficiency of Solid Waste Management: The Welsh Case","authors":"J. Sarkis, J. Dijkshoorn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.976942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.976942","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an efficiency analysis of practices in Solid Waste Management of manufacturing companies in Wales. We apply data envelopment analysis (DEA) to a data set compiled during the National Waste Survey Wales 2003. We explore the relative performance of small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises (SME; 10-250 employees) in Wales. We determine the technical and scale environmental and economic efficiencies of these organizations. Our evaluation focuses on empirical data collected from companies in a wide diversity of manufacturing industries throughout Wales. We find significant differences in industry and size efficiencies. We also find correlations that exist among environmental and economic efficiencies. These variations show that improvements can be made using benchmarks from similar and different size industries. Further pursuit of an investigation of possible reasons for these differences is recommended.","PeriodicalId":219371,"journal":{"name":"SEIN Environmental Impacts of Business eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122710634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways Out of Poverty During an Economic Crisis: An Empirical Assessment of Rural Indonesia","authors":"N. McCulloch, P. Timmer, Julian Weisbrod","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.980328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.980328","url":null,"abstract":"Most poor people in developing countries still live in rural areas and are primarily engaged in low productivity farming activities. Thus pathways out of poverty are likely to be strongly connected to productivity increases in the rural economy, whether they are realized in farming, in rural nonfarm enterprises, or by way of rural-urban migration. The authors use cross-sectional data from the Central Statistical Board for 1993 and 2002, as well as a panel data set from the Indonesia Family Life Survey for 1993 and 2000, to show which pathways out of poverty were most successful over this period. The findings suggest that increased engagement of farmers in rural nonfarm enterprises is an important route out of rural poverty, but that most of the rural agricultural poor that exit poverty still do so while remaining rural and agricultural. So changes in agricultural prices, wages, and productivity still play a critical role in moving people out of poverty.","PeriodicalId":219371,"journal":{"name":"SEIN Environmental Impacts of Business eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123367641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic Agriculture for Poverty Reduction: A 'Growth Plus...' Approach Applied to the Case of Thailand","authors":"H. Khan, Emily Eischen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.990203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.990203","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we have examined some aspects of OA in certain regions of Thailand. In particular we have looked at the poverty reduction potential of OA from a 'growth plus...' theoretical and strategic perspective for poverty reduction (Khan and Weiss 2006). We have attempted to do this in some detail by considering both income and capabilities aspects of poverty. We have looked at two indicators of capabilities in addition to income. These are health and education. In particular, we have examined whether or not conversion from conventional chemical agriculture to organic agriculture could help alleviate poverty on an individual and household scale over a medium term of 5-10 years in terms of enhancing both income and capabilities. However, it turns out that because of the nature of the conversion process and the beginning stages of growth of organic production in Thailand at present, a great deal of short term poverty alleviation through organic agriculture by itself is not possible. This will exclude those in extreme poverty in the very short run from the potential benefits of organic agriculture. There could be exceptions for agricultural laborers because organic agriculture (OA) production is more labor intensive than conventional production. Our focus was on the North and Northeastern regions because that is where OA production is most prevalent. It is also where OA conversion could aid most in poverty alleviation because they are the regions where the highest percent of the population is impoverished (NSO). Although there may be some benefits for those in urban areas, apart from direct beneficiaries in rural areas, OA would benefit primarily the government because of lessened demands on social resources and the private sector, mainly exporters. With respect to particular functionings and capabilities indicators, it is unclear whether or not conversion to OA can increase educational opportunities in rural Thailand. On one hand farmers are theoretically able to increase their incomes and therefore would be more able to afford the costs associated with sending their children to school. This includes lost labor and direct school fees. However, since OA is more labor intensive farmers may be more likely to pull their children out of school to have them assist with farm work. This could be exacerbated by the often-asserted idea that organic and cash crop markets are less stable than conventional crops because of changing demand for products and rapidly changing consumer preferences. As far as health is concerned, the conversion to OA can mitigate some of the adverse health consequences of chemical agriculture. Many studies have proven the harmful health effects of agricultural chemicals. This is generally borne out by our data and the positive health consequences of OA can be confirmed. Thus, the overall poverty reduction impact of conversion to OA in these areas of Thailand is mixed and distributional consequences vary. This confirms our 'growth","PeriodicalId":219371,"journal":{"name":"SEIN Environmental Impacts of Business eJournal","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115767924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate, Environment, Economy, Entropy","authors":"J. Bennewitz","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.969990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.969990","url":null,"abstract":"A main reason for our present climate problems are not the basic economical requirements of man but the exponential increasing world population and their ever growing demand for luxury far beyond the necessary basic economical needs. It is suggested to put the world's attention on the basic reasons of our serious climate problems, the entropy development, rather than on light bulbs or other populism subjects.","PeriodicalId":219371,"journal":{"name":"SEIN Environmental Impacts of Business eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126988206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Great Expectations: Mexico's Short-Lived Convergence under NAFTA","authors":"Carol Wise","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.964913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.964913","url":null,"abstract":"Upon Mexico's entry into the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), neo-classical trade theory assumed, first, that it had the greatest potential for higher rates of growth, productivity and overall welfare gains due to its relatively underdeveloped status; and second, that Mexico's adjustment to an integrated, liberal economy would be the most painful but also the most beneficial. It was envisioned that the blending of Mexico's endowment factors - cheap labour, natural resources, and proximity to the US market - with the abundant capital and advanced technology of Canada and the US would maximize on NAFTA's competitive potential over the long-term. However, these expectations have yet to fully materialize. This paper reviews the convergence/divergence debate with regard to NAFTA and Mexico, and analyzes the empirical data that have been used to tout both the benefits and the costs of asymmetrical integration. In light of the standstill in Mexico's per capita growth since 2001, this paper concludes with a critique of the potential role of NAFTA as a development tool and argues that the steep regional asymmetries call for a more proactive continental strategy.","PeriodicalId":219371,"journal":{"name":"SEIN Environmental Impacts of Business eJournal","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116308462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}