Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers最新文献

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The Impact of Weather on Local Government Spending 天气对地方政府开支的影响
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2022.22
Bo Zhao
{"title":"The Impact of Weather on Local Government Spending","authors":"Bo Zhao","doi":"10.29412/res.wp.2022.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2022.22","url":null,"abstract":": While there is a new and rapidly growing literature on the effects of climatic factors on economic and social outcomes, little research has been conducted to understand the fiscal impact of weather, especially at the sub-state level. Using data from Massachusetts municipalities from 1990 through 2019, this paper estimates government spending as a function of temperature and precipitation while controlling for municipality and year fixed effects and municipality-specific time trends. The results show that weather has statistically significant and economically meaningful effects on local government spending. A 1 degree Fahrenheit increase in the average temperature results in a 3.2 percent increase in real per capita total general fund expenditures. Some government functions, such as public works and general government, are affected more by weather than others. The impact of weather may be persistent and heterogeneous across municipalities. There is some evidence that municipalities adapt to rising temperatures over time.","PeriodicalId":219195,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114615308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Government Banks and Interventions in Credit Markets 政府银行与信贷市场干预
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2022.20
Gustavo Joaquim, Felipe Netto, José Renato Haas Ornelas
{"title":"Government Banks and Interventions in Credit Markets","authors":"Gustavo Joaquim, Felipe Netto, José Renato Haas Ornelas","doi":"10.29412/res.wp.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"We study a large scale intervention in the Brazilian banking sector, characterized by a sudden increase in the supply of credit provided by commercial government banks. Theoretically, the effect of this type of policy is ambiguous: the effect of the policy is beneficial if credit is inefficiently low, or harmful if public banks finance riskier firms with unproductive projects. We use confidential credit registry data to document a series of empirical facts and test if the policy alleviates inefficient underprovision of credit. We show that while the policy leads to a reduction in private banks interest rates and to an increase in total credit, public banks experience worsening of loan default risk. However, after the policy was implemented government banks subsidized more levered firms, and loans to indebted firms explain the increase in loan default in public banks relative to private banks. Moreover, neither the increase in total credit nor the reduction in interest rates by private banks has any observable effects on GDP or employment growth. Our results suggest that the policy increased credit misallocation, and that adverse selection did not play a significant role in the allocation of credit in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":219195,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124960235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Who Is Paying All These Fees? An Empirical Analysis of Bank Account and Credit Card Fees 谁在支付所有这些费用?银行账户和信用卡费用的实证分析
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2022.18
Oz Shy, J. Stavins
{"title":"Who Is Paying All These Fees? An Empirical Analysis of Bank Account and Credit Card Fees","authors":"Oz Shy, J. Stavins","doi":"10.29412/res.wp.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"Banks impose a variety of account fees, and credit card issuers impose a variety of fees related to card usage. Using detailed data from a 2021 representative diary survey of US consumers, we investigate whether lower-income consumers and Black consumers are more likely to pay bank account or credit card fees, and how payment behavior varies depending on paying such fees. We find that the probability of paying several types of bank account and credit card fees is correlated with consumers’ demographic attributes and payment behavior. The percentage of Black consumers who pay overdraft or low-balance fees on their bank accounts or pay late fees or cash-advance fees on their credit cards is higher than the percentage of White consumers who pay those fees. We find that lower-income consumers were significantly more likely to pay overdraft fees, and Black consumers were significantly more likely to pay any bank account fee when we hold income and account balances constant in the regressions. However, when controlling for income, we find that the race effect was smaller than in the summary statistics. JEL Classifications: G21, G5, D14","PeriodicalId":219195,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125246900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Government Transfers and Consumer Spending among Households with Children during COVID-19 COVID-19期间政府转移支付和有孩子家庭的消费者支出
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2022.17
Pinghui Wu, V. Fusaro, H. L. Shaefer
{"title":"Government Transfers and Consumer Spending among Households with Children during COVID-19","authors":"Pinghui Wu, V. Fusaro, H. L. Shaefer","doi":"10.29412/res.wp.2022.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":": Leveraging novel data on consumer credit and debit card spending by Zip code, this study examines how the impact of government transfers on economic well-being varied by household type during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that pandemic transfers disproportionately benefited households with children, buffering them from earnings losses at the pandemic’s start and sustaining spending growth over time. Household essential spending increased proportionally with the delivery of cash transfers, while discretionary spending was influenced more by pandemic-specific factors beyond household income. Our results also offer preliminary evidence that households with children had a higher marginal propensity to consume during the early stages of the pandemic. These findings highlight the efficacy of government transfers in safeguarding household consumption during a period of large-scale job loss.","PeriodicalId":219195,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127081985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wage Inequality and the Rise in Labor Force Exit: The Case of US Prime-Age Men 工资不平等和劳动力退出的增加:以美国壮年男性为例
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2022.16
Pinghui Wu
{"title":"Wage Inequality and the Rise in Labor Force Exit: The Case of US Prime-Age Men","authors":"Pinghui Wu","doi":"10.29412/res.wp.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":": This article offers the first empirical evidence that labor force exit rates rise when workers’ relative earnings fall. The model takes into account that a job not only provides economic security but also affirms a worker’s social status, which is tied to their relative position in the labor market. Based on the results, the decline in relative earnings for non-college prime-age men over the last four decades is estimated to have raised their labor force exit propensity by 0.49 percentage point, accounting for 44 percent of the total growth in their labor force exit rate during this period.","PeriodicalId":219195,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128834682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Do Multisectoral New Keynesian Models Match Sectoral Data? 多部门新凯恩斯模型与部门数据匹配吗?
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2022.14
P. Andrade, Viacheslav Sheremirov
{"title":"Do Multisectoral New Keynesian Models Match Sectoral Data?","authors":"P. Andrade, Viacheslav Sheremirov","doi":"10.29412/res.wp.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":": We document empirical regularities of disaggregated inflation and consumption and study whether multisectoral Ne w Keynesian models can explain them. We focus on higher moments of the inflation and consumption growth distributions as well as on the contemporaneous comovement of these two variables. We find that the sectoral distributions of inflation and consumption growth are asymmetric, with inflation skewed negatively and consumption growth positively. Both distributions are highly leptokurtic. In the full sample, from the mid-1980s through 2021, sectoral inflation and consumption growth overall correlate negatively, indicating the prevalence of supply shocks over demand shocks. The negative correlation is robust across historical episodes during this period, except during the COVID-19 pandemic, when inflation and consumption growth comoved positively. While the baseline model can match some of these facts for a specific shock process, in its baseline setup the model struggles to match them simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":219195,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127556859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Racial Wealth Disparities: Reconsidering the Roles of Human Capital and Inheritance 种族财富差距:重新考虑人力资本和继承的作用
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2022.03
J. Sabelhaus, Jeffrey Thompson
{"title":"Racial Wealth Disparities: Reconsidering the Roles of Human Capital and Inheritance","authors":"J. Sabelhaus, Jeffrey Thompson","doi":"10.29412/res.wp.2022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2022.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":219195,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers","volume":"320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115836570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Job Displacement and Sectoral Mobility 失业和部门流动
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2021.19
Osborne Jackson
{"title":"Job Displacement and Sectoral Mobility","authors":"Osborne Jackson","doi":"10.29412/res.wp.2021.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2021.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This paper combines two components of the US Current Population Survey to characterize the relationship between job displacement and sectoral mobility for long-tenured workers over the 1996–2019 period: (1) the cross-sectional Displaced Worker Survey and (2) the 16-month longitudinal design of the Basic Monthly Survey. While displacement negatively correlates with mobility over time, such job loss has a positive causal impact on mobility for displaced workers compared with similar non-displaced workers. Education and industry structure facilitate post-displacement industry switching, and several factors, including business cycles, affect whether the alternative to sectoral mobility is likely to be sameindustry employment or nonemployment.","PeriodicalId":219195,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131021337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Origins of the Multinational Premium 论跨国公司溢价的起源
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2021.20
José L. Fillat, Stefania Garetto
{"title":"On the Origins of the Multinational Premium","authors":"José L. Fillat, Stefania Garetto","doi":"10.29412/res.wp.2021.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2021.20","url":null,"abstract":"How do foreign direct investment (FDI) dynamics relate to the risk premium of a firm? To answer this question, we compare the stock returns of US firms with different FDI and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) experience to study the evolution of stock returns as firms expand into foreign markets. We document three empirical regularities. First, there are cross-sectional risk premia associated with both multinational activity and mergers and acquisitions. Second, firm-level stock returns decline when a firm undertakes M&A activity and with merger deepening. Third, future multinational acquirers already have higher stock returns when compared with domestic non-acquirers prior to entering foreign markets, indicating that cross-sectional returns differentials are driven by selection based on common unobserved firm characteristics. We find that CEOs play an important role in explaining the relationship between firms’ risk premia and foreign expansion. To rationalize these facts, we develop a dynamic model in which managerial experience shapes the relationship between firm characteristics, selection into FDI, and risk premia. experience. First, we study the role of certain firm characteristics on expected returns. Firm characteristics include indicators of multinational and acquisition activity, among others. Second, we examine whether the covariance of these characteristics with aggregate risk factors drives the risk premia of multinationals and acquiring firms. This analysis takes the form of portfolio regressions in which the construction of the portfolios is based on multinational and acquisition status. role of managers and managerial practices on different aspects of firm performance. Inspired by this literature, we explore the role of managers play in determining simultaneously both firms’ expansion strategies and their risk premia. To this end, we investigate the relationships between management and firm status and between management and stock returns.","PeriodicalId":219195,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115289541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corporate Finance and the Transmission of Shocks to the Real Economy 公司财务与实体经济冲击的传导
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2021.18
Falk Bräuning, José L. Fillat, Gustavo Joaquim
{"title":"Corporate Finance and the Transmission of Shocks to the Real Economy","authors":"Falk Bräuning, José L. Fillat, Gustavo Joaquim","doi":"10.29412/res.wp.2021.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29412/res.wp.2021.18","url":null,"abstract":"Credit availability from different sources varies greatly across firms and has firm-level effects on investment decisions and aggregate effects on output. We develop a theoretical framework in which firms decide endogenously at the extensive and intensive margins of different funding sources to study the role of firm choices on the transmission of credit supply shocks to the real economy. As in the data, firms can borrow from different banks, issue bonds, or raise equity through retained earnings to fund productive investment. Our model is calibrated to detailed firmand loan-level data and reproduces stylized empirical facts: Larger, more productive firms rely on more banks and more sources of funding; smaller firms mostly rely on a small number of banks and internal funding. Our quantitative analysis shows that bank credit supply shocks lead to a sizable reduction in aggregate output, with substantial heterogeneity across firms, due to the lack of substitutability among alternative credit sources. Finally, we show that our insights have important implications for the validity of standard empirical methods used to identify credit supply effects (Khwaja and Mian 2008). JEL Classifications: E32, E43, E50, G21, G32","PeriodicalId":219195,"journal":{"name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department Working Papers","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124814366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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