Soil Systems最新文献

Vertical Distribution of Carbon and Nitrogen in Pastures Fertilized with Broiler Litter or Mineral Fertilizer with Two Drainage Classes 使用肉鸡粪便或矿物质肥料施肥的牧场中碳和氮在两种排水等级下的垂直分布

IF 2.9

Soil Systems Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems8030085

A. Subedi, D. Franklin, Miguel Cabrera, Natalia Espinoza, N. Gaur, Dee Pederson, Lawton Stewart, Chad Westmoreland

{"title":"Vertical Distribution of Carbon and Nitrogen in Pastures Fertilized with Broiler Litter or Mineral Fertilizer with Two Drainage Classes","authors":"A. Subedi, D. Franklin, Miguel Cabrera, Natalia Espinoza, N. Gaur, Dee Pederson, Lawton Stewart, Chad Westmoreland","doi":"10.3390/soilsystems8030085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8030085","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen cycling in pasture soils differing in drainage characteristics and fertilization legacy needs more research to determine efficient nutrient management strategies. This study compared differences in nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), inorganic N (IN = NO3− + NH4+), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), loss-on-ignition carbon (C), and soil pH in 10, 0.7 ha pastures in Eatonton, Georgia, historically fertilized with the same amount of N as either broiler litter (BL; >15 years, 6 pastures) or mineral fertilizer (Min; 4 pastures). We sampled to 90 cm (0–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–90 cm) on a 20 m grid. An analysis of variance indicated that below 5 cm BL pastures had significantly greater amounts of NO3−, IN, PMN, and soil pH compared to Min pastures. Comparisons of drainage classes (well drained~WD, moderately well drained~MWD, and somewhat-poorly drained~SPD) for each BL and Min were analyzed using linear regression for C:IN, C:PMN, pH: NO3−, and pH: NH4+ with all depths combined. In MWD soils, BL had 0.1 and 0.2 mg N kg−1 greater PMN and IN, respectively, for each unit increase in C. In WD soils NO3− decreased in BL by 7.4 and in Min by 12.1 mg N kg−1, while in MWD soils, this level decreased in BL by 7.8 and in Min by 4.5 mg N kg−1 for each pH unit. Five years after N fertilization stopped, BL soils have retained more inorganic N but are losing more NO3− at a greater rate in the MWD soils when all depths are considered. These losses are a combination of plant uptake, emissions, runoff and leaching. While more research is needed, these results strongly suggest the need to design N fertilization practices with drainage class and fertilization legacy in mind to improve N-use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":21908,"journal":{"name":"Soil Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Strategy to Boost Legume Growth under Salinity and Drought Stress in Semi-Arid and Arid Regions 促进半干旱和干旱地区豆科植物在盐碱和干旱胁迫下生长的可持续战略

IF 2.9

Soil Systems Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems8030084

Roukaya Ben Gaied, C. Brígido, Imed Sbissi, Mohamed Tarhouni

{"title":"Sustainable Strategy to Boost Legume Growth under Salinity and Drought Stress in Semi-Arid and Arid Regions","authors":"Roukaya Ben Gaied, C. Brígido, Imed Sbissi, Mohamed Tarhouni","doi":"10.3390/soilsystems8030084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8030084","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating risks of drought and salinization due to climate change and anthropogenic activities are a major global concern. Rhizobium–legume (herb or tree) symbiosis is proposed as an ideal solution for improving soil fertility and rehabilitating arid lands, representing a crucial direction for future research. Consequently, several studies have focused on enhancing legume tolerance to drought and salinity stresses using various techniques, including molecular-based approaches. These methods, however, are costly, time-consuming, and cause some environmental issues. The multiplicity of beneficial effects of soil microorganisms, particularly plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) or plant-associated microbiomes, can play a crucial role in enhancing legume performance and productivity under harsh environmental conditions in arid zones. PGPB can act directly or indirectly through advanced mechanisms to increase plant water uptake, reduce ion toxicity, and induce plant resilience to osmotic and oxidative stress. For example, rhizobia in symbiosis with legumes can enhance legume growth not only by fixing nitrogen but also by solubilizing phosphates and producing phytohormones, among other mechanisms. This underscores the need to further strengthen research and its application in modern agriculture. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the challenges faced by nitrogen-fixing leguminous plants in arid and semi-arid environments, particularly drought and salinity. We highlight the potential benefits of legume–rhizobium symbiosis combined with other PGPB to establish more sustainable agricultural practices in these regions using legume–rhizobium–PGPB partnerships.","PeriodicalId":21908,"journal":{"name":"Soil Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fate of Carbamazepine and Its Metabolites in a Soil–Aromatic Plant System 卡马西平及其代谢物在土壤-芳香植物系统中的命运

IF 2.9

Soil Systems Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems8030083

F. De Mastro, A. Traversa, C. Cocozza, Claudio Cacace, Maria Rosaria Provenzano, Danilo Vona, Filomena Sannino, G. Brunetti

{"title":"Fate of Carbamazepine and Its Metabolites in a Soil–Aromatic Plant System","authors":"F. De Mastro, A. Traversa, C. Cocozza, Claudio Cacace, Maria Rosaria Provenzano, Danilo Vona, Filomena Sannino, G. Brunetti","doi":"10.3390/soilsystems8030083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8030083","url":null,"abstract":"The use of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation could result in the release of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and their metabolites into the agroecosystem. In this study, we investigated the fate of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its metabolites, with the aim of clarifying their behavior in a soil–plant system in a greenhouse experiment. The research was carried out using irrigation water especially fortified with high doses of CBZ (200 or 600 ppb) in order to evaluate the dynamics of CBZ and its metabolites in the soil and basil organs. The results of the study showed that CBZ is easily absorbed by the aerial part of the basil plant. The soil contained two metabolites of CBZ, namely acridine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, as revealed by high-resolution mass spectrometry analyses. In addition, acridine was found in the aerial parts of basil plants. Furthermore, the greater presence of CBZ and its metabolites in bulk soil indicated a positive role of the basil rhizosphere in the degradation of such compounds or a positive role of the plant in the removal of the contaminant by uptake. Considering the observed morphological parameters and the mean CBZ content in wastewater, significantly lower than that used in the experiment, basil can be considered resistant to the application of irrigation water contaminated with CBZ.","PeriodicalId":21908,"journal":{"name":"Soil Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Corn Yield and Soil Quality in Irrigated Semiarid Region with Coal Char and Biochar Amendments 用煤炭和生物添加剂提高半干旱灌溉区的玉米产量和土壤质量

IF 2.9

Soil Systems Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems8030082

R. B. Thapa, Samir Budhathoki, Chandan Shilpakar, D. Panday, B. Alsunuse, Sean X. Tang, Peter D. Stahl

{"title":"Enhancing Corn Yield and Soil Quality in Irrigated Semiarid Region with Coal Char and Biochar Amendments","authors":"R. B. Thapa, Samir Budhathoki, Chandan Shilpakar, D. Panday, B. Alsunuse, Sean X. Tang, Peter D. Stahl","doi":"10.3390/soilsystems8030082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8030082","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable use of croplands is facing a challenge to maintain organic carbon (C) in soil. Pyrolyzed coal or coal char (CC) is a porous C material produced from the pyrolysis of coal containing high organic C, large surface area, and low bulk density like biochar (BC). This study evaluates corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield and selected soil properties in soil amended with CC and BC at two rates (22 and 44 Mg ha−1) with farmyard manure (FM) (66 Mg ha−1) and without FM addition. This field experiment was performed in sandy loam soil at the University of Wyoming’s Sustainable Agricultural Research and Extension Center (SAREC), Lingle, WY, USA. Two years of field study results indicated CC and BC applied at 22 Mg ha−1 with FM resulted in significantly greater average corn grain yields (13.04–13.57 Mg ha−1) compared to the no char’s treatment (11.42 Mg ha−1). Soil organic matter (SOM) content was significantly greater in the higher application rates of CC and BC than in treatments without chars. Overall, soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) were found significantly greater in CC and BC co-applied with FM treatments. Soil water-holding capacity (WHC) significantly improved in sandy loam soil (up to 27.6% more than the no-char treatment) at a greater concentration of char materials. This study suggests that char materials applied at a moderate rate (22 Mg ha−1) with FM can improve soil properties and crop yield.","PeriodicalId":21908,"journal":{"name":"Soil Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil Microbial Community Structures under Annual and Perennial Crops Treated with Different Nitrogen Fertilization Rates 不同氮肥施用率下一年生和多年生作物的土壤微生物群落结构

IF 2.9

Soil Systems Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems8030081

Sadikshya Dangi, U. Sainju, Brett L. Allen, Rosalie B. Calderon

{"title":"Soil Microbial Community Structures under Annual and Perennial Crops Treated with Different Nitrogen Fertilization Rates","authors":"Sadikshya Dangi, U. Sainju, Brett L. Allen, Rosalie B. Calderon","doi":"10.3390/soilsystems8030081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8030081","url":null,"abstract":"Perennial bioenergy crops may enhance microbial community structures due to their extensive root system compared to annual crops. However, the long-term effect of perennial bioenergy crops receiving different N fertilization rates on microbial community structures is not well defined. We evaluated the 11-year effect of perennial bioenergy crops with various N fertilization rates as well as an annual crop with the recommended N rate on soil microbial properties in 2019 and 2020 in the US northern Great Plains. Perennial grasses were intermediate wheatgrass, IWG (Thinopyrum intermedium [Host] Barkworth and Dewey), and switchgrass, SG (Panicum virgatum L.), with N fertilization rates of 0, 28, 56, and 84 kg N ha−1, and the annual crop was spring wheat, WH (Triticum aestivum, L.) with 80 kg N ha−1. The total fungal phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) proportion and fungal/bacterial ratio were significantly lower under annual spring wheat than perennial grass (SG). Increased N fertilization rate linearly increased Gram-positive bacterial PLFA proportions and the Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacterial ratio for IWG in 2020 but decreased the PLFA proportions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for both perennial bioenergy crops in all years. The proportions of AMF neutral lipid fatty acid and Gram-negative bacterial PLFA were greater for SG (0.432 and 0.271, respectively) than IWG (0.339 and 0.258, respectively), but actinomycetes and the Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacterial ratio were greater for IWG (0.160 and 1.532, respectively) compared to SG (0.152 and 1.437, respectively). Microbial community structures varied with perennial bioenergy crops, N fertilization rates, and perennial vs. annual crops. This study showed how perennial crops favored fungal growth and how annual crops enhanced bacterial growth impacting soil biological health.","PeriodicalId":21908,"journal":{"name":"Soil Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coastal Salinity Management and Cropping System Intensification through Conservation Agriculture in the Ganges Delta 通过恒河三角洲保护性农业实现沿海盐碱化管理和种植系统集约化

IF 2.9

Soil Systems Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems8030080

S. K. Sarangi, M. Mainuddin, S. Raut, U. Mandal, K. K. Mahanta

引用次数: 0

Transforming Agricultural Living Labs into Lighthouses Contributing to Sustainable Development as Defined by the UN-SDGs 将农业生活实验室转变为灯塔，为联合国可持续发展目标所定义的可持续发展做出贡献

IF 2.9

Soil Systems Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems8030079

J. A. Reijneveld, Mark Geling, Edwin Geling, Johan Bouma

{"title":"Transforming Agricultural Living Labs into Lighthouses Contributing to Sustainable Development as Defined by the UN-SDGs","authors":"J. A. Reijneveld, Mark Geling, Edwin Geling, Johan Bouma","doi":"10.3390/soilsystems8030079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8030079","url":null,"abstract":"The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were intended to be met by 2030, but recent reviews show that this will not be achieved, and recommendations have been made to heads of state, governments, the international community, and member states to strengthen their efforts. Focusing on agriculture, we argue that a bottom-up effort is also needed in living labs, one that truly involves farmers, as they are now confused about, and resistant to, top-down rules and regulations. To provide clarity, we suggest the following: (i) selecting key SDGs by considering the proportionality principle, and (ii) defining ecosystem services in terms of indicators and thresholds for income, the production of healthy food, the protection of water quality, contribution to energy preservation and climate mitigation, and the protection of life on land, including soil health (SDGs 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 13, 15). Indicators and thresholds have to be clear and measurable and achievable within reasonable costs. The introduction of innovative sensing techniques allowed the rapid generation of relevant soil data in the field of living labs. When meeting all thresholds, a “lighthouse” is established to act as an inspiring example for farmers with similar soils in a given region. Policies should focus on achieving thresholds of a set of indicators rather than on prescribing certain top-down management measures.","PeriodicalId":21908,"journal":{"name":"Soil Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracing Soil Contamination from Pre-Roman Slags at the Monte Romero Archaeological Site, Southwest Spain 追踪西班牙西南部蒙特罗梅罗考古遗址中前罗马时期炉渣造成的土壤污染

IF 2.9

Soil Systems Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems8030078

J. C. Fernández-Caliani, Juan Aurelio Pérez-Macías

{"title":"Tracing Soil Contamination from Pre-Roman Slags at the Monte Romero Archaeological Site, Southwest Spain","authors":"J. C. Fernández-Caliani, Juan Aurelio Pérez-Macías","doi":"10.3390/soilsystems8030078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8030078","url":null,"abstract":"Soil serves as a repository of human history, preserving artifacts within its horizons. However, the presence of chemically reactive remnants, such as ancient slags, can significantly impact the surrounding soil environment. This paper addresses this scarcely explored issue by focusing on soil contamination arising from pre-Roman slag deposits at the Monte Romero archaeological site in southwest Spain, dating back to the Tartessian period (c. 7th century BC). Through the high-resolution microscopy examination of slag wastes and the trace element analysis of soil samples by ICP-OES, this study evaluated current contamination status using a multi-index approach. The results revealed markedly high levels of Pb (>5000 mg kg−1), Cu (up to 2730 mg kg−1), and As (up to 445 mg kg−1) in the soil compared to a control sample. The identification of secondary complex compounds like Cu arsenates and Pb arsenates/antimonates within slag cavities suggests post-depositional weathering processes, leading to the dispersion of potentially toxic elements into the surrounding soil. Assessments through indices of contamination and potential ecological risk highlighted severe contamination, particularly concerning Ag, Pb, Sb, Cu, and As. This study underscores the importance of addressing potential environmental hazards associated with archaeological sites hosting remnants of metal production.","PeriodicalId":21908,"journal":{"name":"Soil Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enzymatic Diagnostics of Soil Health of the European Part of Russia with Lead Contamination 对俄罗斯欧洲地区铅污染土壤健康的酶学诊断

IF 2.9

Soil Systems Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems8030076

T. Minnikova, S. Kolesnikov, A. Kuzina, D. Trufanov, Ekaterina Khrapay, Anatoly Trushkov

{"title":"Enzymatic Diagnostics of Soil Health of the European Part of Russia with Lead Contamination","authors":"T. Minnikova, S. Kolesnikov, A. Kuzina, D. Trufanov, Ekaterina Khrapay, Anatoly Trushkov","doi":"10.3390/soilsystems8030076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8030076","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (Pb) is one of the most common environmental pollutants. Lead has an acute toxic effect on soil biotas and the enzymatic system of soils. The objective of this study is to carry out enzymatic diagnostics of soil health in the European part of Russia after Pb contamination. As a part of the simulation experiment, Pb (at maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) of 1, 10, and 100) was used to contaminate 12 types of soils in the south and center of the European part of Russia, which differed in their physical and chemical properties. To assess soil health, the activity of oxidoreductases (catalase, dehydrogenases, and cysteine reductase) and hydrolases (invertase, urease, and phosphatase) was studied. Most enzymes were inhibited with increased Pb dosage. The most sensitive soils to Pb contamination, assessed by enzyme activity, are soils of semi-deserts and dry steppes. Cysteine reductase is considered the most sensitive enzyme to Pb contamination. The most informative indicators for Pb contamination were phosphatase, cysteine reductase, and invertase. The P (phosphatase) cycle and the redox enzyme (catalase) also have instability in Pb-contaminated soils. The C (invertase and dehydrogenases) and N (urease) cycles do not change significantly when contaminated with lead. The results of this study can be used for the diagnostics of the condition of soils in different natural areas after Pb contamination.","PeriodicalId":21908,"journal":{"name":"Soil Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulated Lunar Soil: Can It Be Organically Modified through Compost Cultivation? 模拟月球土壤：能否通过堆肥栽培进行有机改良？

IF 2.9

Soil Systems Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems8030077

Zhixuan Gong, J. Wen, Yichen Zhou, Yunbo Zhai, Jinghao Xu

引用次数: 0