South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

{"title":"Antibacterial, antifungal, antifeedent and larval mortality percent of solvent extraction of mango kernel (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Totapuri","authors":"Sambanda Moorthy, M. Saraswathi, J Arunkumar, K. Perumal","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p125-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p125-132","url":null,"abstract":"Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a seasonal fruit and is cultivated extensively in tropical and subtropical region in India and worldwide. The fruit is processed and mango pulp is extracted in fruit processing industries and kernel is unutilized as industrial waste. Hence, in the present study focused on Totapuri mango kernel cultivar was taken to utilize for bio product development. Soxhlet apparatus with different solvents was used for the crude bioactive compounds extraction from mango kernel powder. The extracted bioactive mass was evaluated for its antibacterial activity against bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Xanthomonas oryzae and Staphylococcus aureuss. Further, the extracted crude bioactive compound was tested for antifungal activity against Rhizactonia solani, Curvularia lunata, Alternaria alternate and Fusarium oxysporum. The antifeedent and larval mortality of Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera activity was studied using the bioactive compound extract. The Methanol Mango Kernel extract (MeOH MK) recorded growth inhibition zone for all the bacteria tested ranging from 21±0.31 to 24±1.55 mm. At 5 % MeOH MK crude extract concentration, the fungal mycelia growth of R. solani was inhibited by 92.90 ± 0.31 %. The highest percent of antifeedent activity was observed in 5% MeOH MK extract recorded as 77.37 %± 0.75 for S.litura and 55. 1.06 for H.armigera. The crude extract of MeOH MK at 5 % concentration recorded 17.8 %± 2.2 mortality rate for S. leutira larva and 100 % mortality rate for H. armigra. The MeOH MK extract was effective as antibacterial, antifungal, antifeedent and larval mortality.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75914442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological changes of electric yellow (Labidochromis caeruleus) exposed to three different copper concentrations","authors":"Semra Küçük, Tuğçe Kılıç","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p140-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p140-146","url":null,"abstract":"The water pollution is affecting rivers, lakes, and seas. Therefore, all aquatic organiss may influenced by it. In this study, it was intended to examine and assess histological changes in the electric yellow cichlid exposed to three different periods of copper concentrations (acute, chronic and not containing copper). Firstly, this study was formed in three parts of acute and chronic exposures and recovery. Electric yellow cichlid were exposed to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg l-1 of copper sulfate for 96-h acute trial. Secondly, they were exposed to 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg l-1 of copper sulfate for 20-d chronic trial. Thirdly, survived fish from the chronic trial were holded in clean water without copper for 10-d recovery. At the end of three trials, gill, liver and spleen samples of fish were collected and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) techniques. Preparations were examined and detected by the light microscope and significant pictures were saved by the digital camera. As a results of acute and chronic copper trials, edema, aneurism and serious degenerations of gills, necrosis and vacuolations in the hepatocytes and blood vessels of liver, and degenerations, granulamas and black spots in the spleen were indicated. It is detected that copper had vital effects on physiology of electric yellow cichlid and caused important tissue damages in fish.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87331061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of consumption of energy drinks and their toxicities","authors":"Ilhem Fatima Zeriouh, Brahim Amina Cherifa, Addou Samia","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p133-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p133-139","url":null,"abstract":"The energy drink should not be confused with an energizing drink because the latter is intended to give a boost of energy to its consumer by using a mixture of stimulating ingredients not intended for an athlete, namely, among others, caffeine, taurine and sugar. These stimulants induce a feeling of euphoria or/and a sense of arousal, they accelerate the heart rate and increase the respiratory rate and blood pressure. Our work is aimed to study the physico-chemical characteristics of these energy drinks and their toxicities such as: determination of pH total hardness, hydrotimetrictitle (TH); titratable acidity, sugar and protein levels; calcium; zinc; and heavy metal assays also performed such as: Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Mercury. We found that some energy drinks studied include an increase in caffeine content that exceeds the threshold limits recommended 300mg per day, as well as sugar and their pH which is acidic and the presence of traces of heavy metals such as Zinc and Mercury. This study poses some legitimate questions about the negative effect of the consumption of these so-called energizing drinks in high doses and without moderation for the body and their toxicities, especially for populations at risk (athletes, pregnant women, adolescents). Despite the legality of marketing these so-called energy drinks worldwide, scientists in several bulletins recommend caution and moderation in the overdose consumption of these energy drinks and point their fingers at the negative impact on human health.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84784521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osmoprotection by proline accumulation induced by rainfall variations in three steppe plants species Aristida pungens, Retama raetam and Astragalus armatus under Mediterranean Arid bioclimate","authors":"Mohammed Abdelmadjid Boumeddiene, Z. Houyou, Ahmed Boutmedjet, Abdel Nacer Guibadj, M. Benyahia","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p69-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p69-79","url":null,"abstract":"Since the middle of the last century, the Algerian steppe vegetation has been in continuous decline, which could be subject to environmental constraints that go against the sustainable development of a fragile environment exposed to climatic variations. Good management of this environment would be based on understanding the mechanisms of tolerance of steppe plant communities to the rainfall variations of the territory where they live. In the present study, for four years (2019- 2022), during the spring season, under arid bioclimate in the central Algerian Laghouat steppe region (Mokrane site), the relative water content (RCW) and the accumulated proline content were measured in the fresh leaves of three plant species (R. raetam, A. armatus and A. pungens). Also, a climatic synthesis of the study site was carried out. The aridity index of the site was found to be 0.06, and annual rainfall differences > 150 mm have sometimes been observed. The site is characterized by 11 months of drought over the year. During the 04 years, 2019 was the rainiest year receiving 238.88mm precipitation. During the 04 years of measurement, RCW revealed the existence of significant differences (P<0.05) for each of the three species. In R. raetam, the RWC was between 18.6 and 49.6%; for A. armatus 12 and 33.31% and for A. pungens 12.04 and 77.42% respectively. Between 2019 and 2022, the proline content also showed significant differences (P<0.05) for each of the three species. In R. raetam it was between 0.13- 1.4 mmol/g FM, for A. armatus between 0.26 - 0.96 mmol/g FM and between 0.20 -1.12 mmol/g FM for A. pungens. Pearson correlations revealed that annual cumulative rains were weakly correlated with RWC, but the correlation was strong and in a negative direction with accumulated proline. These results demonstrated that adaptation of the three species to rainfall variations is based on a tolerance mechanism driven by proline synthesis.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88252096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical screening and assay of micro-constituents and macronutrients of oak cork fruits","authors":"Boudjema Boughrara, Hamza Haddag, B. Legseir","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p62-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p62-68","url":null,"abstract":"The medicinal plants play a great role in the treatment of a lot of different diseases. The use of remedies and the therapeutic qualities of plants are gaining renewed interest thanks to the improvement of extraction techniques and advances in structural analysis methods for the discovery of new active substances. The objective of our study was designed for the determination of micro constituents polyphenols (pericarps 10.13±0.46 GAE mg/g DM, almonds 9.12±0.26 GAE mg/g DM), and macronutrients sugars (almonds 1.84±0.08 mg/g DM), pericarps (0.494±0.02 mg/g DM), proteins (almonds 3.82±0.04 g/100g DM pericarps 1.74± 0.01 g/100g DM), present in oak cork fruits, and which play a very important role. We were interested in determining their content in dried, powdered oak cork fruits (acorns). The carried out phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, the presence of these compounds attribute to this species several therapeutic and pharmacological characteristics. The extraction of secondary and primary metabolites by the use of organic solvents gave significant portions that testify the richness of this species in active ingredients. This species (oak cork fruits) should be put in valor as well as complement or food and making the parapharmaceutical products.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"61 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91512472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol and growth promoting effect of Trichoderma spp. isolate from rhizosphere soils of some Algerian areas","authors":"Selma Mahboubi, Yamina Bouchikh, Ali Latreche, Daniele Da Lio, Rajaa Chamekh","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p52-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p52-61","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoderma species are ubiquitous fungi in the environment exhibiting enormous potential in biotechnology especially due to their plant health benefits, such as conferring stimulation growth and disease resistance to their hosts.The aim of this study was to identify isolated Trichoderma strains by molecular tools and evaluate their in vitro antagonistic activity against four common phytopathogenic fungi as well as their biostimulant activity. Tewenty two Trichoderma strains were isolated from different rhizosphere soils and eleven species were identified at the species level among these strains, however, two Trichoderma strains could not be identified. These results were obtained using tef1 marker known as highly efficient barcode marker for Trichoderma species identification. At the moment, the following species are reported for the first time in Algeria: T. tomentosum, T. hamatum, T. aureoviride, T. citrinoviride, T. samuelsii et T. hispanicum. All isolated Trichoderma strains were tested in dual cultures against four plant pathogens: Ascochyta rabiei, Botrytis cinerea, Drechslera graminea and Fusarium graminearum. Most of Trichoderma strains showed effective antagonistic activity either by overgrowing up to pathogen colonies or coiling around them. T. gamsii showed the highest Percentage of Radial Inhibition Growth (PRIG%) with rates varying between 51,9 % to 65,5 %. Then, tomato root seedlings were inoculated with spore suspension of Trichoderma isolates and thirty days after growth culture, some plant growth parameters were measured. We observed that Trichoderma strains which exhibited high biostimulant potential, had not raised biocontrol performance proving that the Trichoderma strains do not necessarily raised the dual performances.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82733373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of phytotherapy (Punica granatum L) on rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus exposed to solvent xylene","authors":"Mouna Bendjeddou, Bakli Sabrina","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p46-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p46-51","url":null,"abstract":"Solvents have become a major threat to humanity, Xylene is one of the most used solvents in everyday life despite its toxicity, it had been used in many important products of human daily life such as paint, varnish, and many other products, but, there is what God created in nature \"the pomegranate\" which had considered among the most beneficial of medicinal plants. This work is based on the study of the remedial effect of pomegranate on the harmful effect of Xylene on certain reproductive parameters in rabbits of the species Oryctolagus Cuniculus. For four consecutive weeks, some rabbits received one dose of Xylene (0.5 ml/Kg), other rabbits received the same dose of Xylene and one dose of the juice of pomegranate (1ml/Kg) and controls received nothing. Our experience is based on the study of the weight of the reproductive organs: the testes and the epididymis, the study of the parameters of male fertility, and a histological study. The results show changes in the weight of the organs studied (testes and epididymis), and changes in male fertility parameters have been recorded. The hormone level (testosterone) has changed as well as a histological modification of the reproductive organs. Omit, these parameters have been corrected in their values due to the corrective effect of the pomegranate. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the adverse effects of Xylene exposure on reproduction, hormonal, and histological parameters. On the other hand, the pomegranate has a corrective effect on the previous parameters.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83101076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fungus Associated with the Foliar Disease of Scent Basil (Ocimum gratissimum L) in Nigeria, and its Effect on the Proximate and Phytochemical Composition of the Leaves of the Plant","authors":"O. Ibiam, Samuel Obinna Akpa, Chidozie Dennis Udechukwu, Felicia Nmom, Eucharia Nnenna Onwe, Sunday Michael Sam, Lovina Iyandu Udoh, Tobechukwu Ebele Okeke, Smart Chima Nwosu, Franklin Chikezie Amrose","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Scent basil (Ocimum gratissimum L) is a plant of great medicinal, and ornamental value. Parts of the plant, especially, the leaves, are used to garnish food, treat various health challenges ranging from gasrtro-intestinal problem, cough etc. Despite its usefulness, the leaves are affected by some yellowish-brown distortions which affect their maximum use as ornamental and others. This work is aimed at isolation and identification of the fungus associated with this foliar problem, and its effect on the proximate and phytochemical composition of the leaves which could reduce their maximum benefits to man. Standard method was used for the isolation of the fungal culprit,  and  the manual of Barnett and Hunter was used for its identification. The method of AOAC  was used for the analysis of the proximate and the anti-nutrient compositions, while the mineral composition was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All the chemicals used in this work were of analytical grades. The result showed that Geotrichum gloeosporoides was associated with the leaves of the plant. Moisture, carbohydrate, crude fat, protein, crude fiber and ash, all the minerals sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron, and the anti-nutrient alkaloids, phenol, glycoside, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, and quinone contents  of the apparently healthy leaves, were significantly higher than the infected (p <0.05). Generally, the results showed that the organism caused significant decrease in the proximate and phytochemical contents of the infected leaves, which implies a marked reduction in the nutrients benefits consumers could derive from the leaves of the plant.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88502438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Antimicrobial Study of Prosopis cineraria L. Bark","authors":"Asha Arora, Kishor Singh, Vipin Nagda, Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p6-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p6-11","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are more readily available and less expensive than synthetic compounds and play an important role in treating infectious diseases. The emergence of multidrug resistance among various groups of microorganisms against various antibiotics prompted researchers to develop effective multidrug-resistant strain-fighting drugs derived from plants. The medicinal plant produces phytochemicals, essential components of the plant's defence system. The present study aims to determine the phytochemical efficacy of metabolites and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Prosopis cineraria methanolic bark extract against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The methanolic crude bark extract was prepared by the Soxhlet method, and antimicrobial activity was investigated by the well diffusion method. The antibiotics Tetracycline and DMSO were used as the positive and negative control, respectively. The percent yield of crude extract was 7.9%. The preliminary phytochemicals screening for secondary metabolites revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and steroids, while saponins, coumarins and anthraquinones were absent. Antimicrobial efficacy evaluated through Zone of inhibition was compared to standard antibiotic tetracycline and the results revealed high efficacy of bark extract against Staphylococcus aureus followed by Escherichia coli.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72615905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interest of high-risk HPV typing by hybrid capture 2 in severe cervical dysplasias (CIN2/3) in Algeria","authors":"Mohamed Melhag, R. Kerroucha, L. Zemour, Hamid Melouli, F. Z. El Kébir","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p33-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(1).p33-38","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the leading cause of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2-3) and to evaluate the interest of high-risk HPV typing by hybrid capture 2 (HC2) in severe cervical dysplasias. 110 women were subjected to cyto-histological diagnostics and to the HPV test by HC2. The HC2 performance tests included Chi 2. Our results showed that the average age at the gynecological consultation in relation to cervical lesions was 38.75 ± 9.59 (22-72 years). The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 41.8%. High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) was detected in 31.8% of the total patients. In comparison with the other cytopathological stages, the HC2 test made it possible to evaluate the rate of HR-HPV at the CIN2/3 stage at 86% (p<0.0061). In conclusion the prevalence of HR-HPV associated with cervical lesions is comparable to those in the literature. HC2 Allows good detection of HR-HPV in severe cervical dysplasias and can be used to compensate for the absence of vaccines in our country.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90187608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}