South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

{"title":"An insight into endocrine disruption by pyrethroid insecticides in fishes","authors":"Ishita Ray","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p230-239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p230-239","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrethroids are a group of widely used insecticides for agricultural and residential purposes. They have selective toxicity that is relatively harmless to mammals and birds. But they are extremely toxic to fish. They are insoluble in water and accumulate in sediments and bioaccumulate in fishes. Being lipophilic in nature they can easily enter through fish gills. Fishes are unable to metabolize pyrethroids. Both the parent compound and its metabolites are harmful to the fish. They adversely affect various physiological pathways in fish. It has now been established that pyrethroids can act as endocrine disruptors. Their chirality plays an important role in this aspect. The different enantiomers of the pyrethroids have diverse roles as endocrine disruptors in fishes. The effect of endocrine disruption by pyrethroids in fishes grossly affects their survival, behavior, growth, and reproduction. Because of this endocrine disruption, many marker genes of hormone expression are either upregulated or downregulated in fishes. Research has been carried out to understand the exact mechanism of these endocrine disruption pathways. Techniques have been developed to ameliorate the effect of pyrethroids in fishes. This review tries to summarize the endocrine disruptive effects of some of the commonly used pyrethroids in fish and indicates the recently developed ways to mitigate the toxic effects of these insecticides.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75943717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GC-MS profiling of phytochemicals present in ethanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata L. Leaves","authors":"Amulya Kumari, Amit Patnaik, Vinay Oraon, L. Sharan","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p173-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p173-180","url":null,"abstract":"Bauhinia variegata L. is an ethnomedicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and subfamily Caesalpiniaceae; commonly known as Kachnar, Mountain ebony, Koinar saag and Orchid tree. It is native to China, Indian-subcontinent and South eastern Asia. Ethnomedicinally it is used for the treatment of diarrhoea, mouth ulcer, hepatomegaly, tonsilitis, cyst and fibroid in uterus, burning sensation in urine and diabetes. It has pharmacological properties like antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective. For present study ethanolic extract was prepared using cold extraction method. For the identification of phytochemicals prepared extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis. The obtained spectra of GC-MS were analysed and compared with the GC-MS spectra database of online Wiley library and NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) to identify the phytochemical compounds. A total of 33 compounds were isolated, out of which Neophytadiene was present in highest %; Palmidrol and 2,6,10,14,18-PENTAMETHYL-2,6,10,14,18-ICOSAPENT in lowest %. Major phytochemicals identified from GC-MS spectra are Neophytadiene (25.19), Phytol (13.07) and gamma-Sitosterol (10.97). Identified phytochemicals belong to different compound classes of flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, and terpenoids. Most of the identified compounds are biologically active compounds which can be potential drug agents for control and treatment of various ailments.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79038900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of antioxidant defenses by a low-dose cadmium priming alleviates heat stress in pigeon pea","authors":"Abhaya Kumar Sahu, Sudeepta Mishra, Beda Saurav Behera, Punam Kumari","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p213-222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p213-222","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming has a devastating effect on the growth and productivity of plants. Pigeon pea, the second most important legume crop with high nutritional value, is at high risk due to high temperature exposure. Priming is an innovative agronomical application that can be used as a strategy to minimize the detrimental effects of any kind of stresses. In this study, we investigated how low dose of cadmium priming alleviates heat stress (HS) in pigeon pea seedlings. The results demonstrated that low dose of cadmium priming induced the expression of antioxidant systems and maintain a redox homeostasis. An enhanced level of antioxidant glutathione, and antioxidative enzymes (SOD, APX, and GR) were observed in Cd+HS leaf (40 μM Cd priming followed by exposure to HS, 42°C) as compared to the HS leaf. Moreover, a reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content was also noticed in Cd+HS leaf. The GSH/GSSG ratio, which was indicative of the redox state in the plant system, was also high in Cd+HS leaf as compared to HS leaf. Thus, the priming of pigeon pea seeds with low dose Cd alleviates HS by elevating antioxidant defenses, ultimately protecting pigeon pea seedlings against HS.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80261377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotanical study and antibacterial activity of a medicinal plant: Marrubium vulgare L (The White horehound)","authors":"Leila Zade Adimi, Djihad Guittoum, Safia Hamimid","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p197-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p197-204","url":null,"abstract":"Marrubium vulgare L, commonly known as white horehound, is widely used in traditional medicine in Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria. This ethnobotanical study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, usage, and therapeutic effects of white horehound in the study area. A total of 82% of the respondents reported using white horehound for various pathologies, with febrifuge being the most common (39.02%). The study revealed that individuals over 60 years of age (30%) had greater knowledge of medicinal plants than other age groups, and women (54%) had more knowledge about medicinal species than men. Illiterate people (50%) were found to be the majority of users of white horehound. The leaves of the plant were the most commonly used part (58.53%), and herbal tea was the most common method of preparation (73.17%). In addition to respiratory disorders, white horehound was also used for digestive disorders, such as vomiting, abdominal bloating, intestinal parasites, and diarrhea. Marrubium vulgare L belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is rich in essential oils with antibacterial activity. The essential oils of white horehound were extracted using hydrodistillation and Soxhlet methods, and their antibacterial activity was evaluated against two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Aromatogram was found to be the most effective method, and the results showed significant inhibition zones with 24mm for S.aureus and 17mm for E.coli. This study provides valuable insights into the traditional use and therapeutic potential of white horehound in Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria. The antibacterial activity of the essential oils of white horehound against E.coli and S.aureus supports its traditional use in treating infectious diseases. These findings could help in the development of new natural products with potential medicinal properties.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77629018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicinal profiles of Osyris quadripartita Salz. Ex Decne.: A Critical Review","authors":"Balasaheb U. Kale, Abhijeet Suresh Bambare, Mangesh Shankar Bhale","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p189-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(3).p189-196","url":null,"abstract":"Osyris quadripartita Salz. ex Decne. (Santalaceae), prominently known as African sandalwood, is one of the most seasoned and most valuable sources of natural fragrance with immense medicinal and commercial significance. O quadripartita has been grown in Africa and Indian sub- continents from the ancient times and esteemed all over the world for its tonic, and the aromatic oils are used in different products for manufacturing expensive perfumes, rare soaps, quality lotions, and sweet-smelling candles. Leaf stem bark and African shoe heart wood the essential oil derived from African sandalwood has been used in various traditional and tribal systems of medicine, like Ayurveda, Siddha, Folk and Unani medicine, in the treatment and counteraction of a great many sicknesses. It is utilized to treat different illnesses, including helminth contaminations, leishmaniases like infection, irregularities, kidney sickness, scavenge, sterile/perfuming, eye torment, cool, anaphylactic shock, epilepsy, circumcision wounds, toothache, tonsillitis, stomach agony, and pee issues. The flexible restorative and medical services significance of sandalwood is ascribed to its rich essential oil of phytochemicals, especially sesquiterpenes. African sandalwood, recently utilized for its ancestral modern purposes, is presently acquiring consideration for its helpful as well as food and nutraceutical utilizes. An intensive bibliographic examination was done by dissecting overall acknowledged logical data sets such as Google scholar, Publons, Sci-Finder, Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science, Research Gate, perceived reference books, and UGC Care listed as well as non-listed international journals. Current pharmacological examinations have shown a great many pharmacological activities, going from antimicrobial to anti-cancer. No huge poisonousness has been demonstrated by African sandalwood essential oil and its singular constituents; in any case, further concentrate on compound constituents and their components in showing specific natural exercises is expected to comprehend the full phytochemical profile and the complex pharmacological impacts of this plant. The expanded business abuse of African sandalwood and low efficiency of this huge restorative plant have raised worries over its preservation and efficiency upgrade through current instruments and procedures. The complete survey examines conventional purposes, ancestral purposes, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and biological activities of African sandalwood to unveil its restorative and modern worth and distinguish holes requiring future exploration.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87460663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of a new Aspergillus iranicus strain from the soil of southwestern Algeria exhibiting potential palm date-cellulose degrading activity","authors":"S. Makhloufi, A. Makhloufi, Y. Chebloune","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p80-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p80-91","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms with biotechnological properties are needed for transformation or degradation of biological products. Here we isolated a new Aspergillus strain (MS-34) from the soil of southwestern Algeria and found that it is related to Aspergillus iranicus. The MS-34 was examined for possible biotechnological properties and we found it to be highly efficacious at degrading palm date cellulose following fermentation. Pretreatment fermentation of palm in 50 % generated the highest (197.84 mg/L) carbohydrate concentration. Pretreatment with 20% KOH produced a maximum 112.97 IU/ml and 47.62 IU/ml for endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities respectively. Besides, glucose and proteins concentration in batch fermentations with 1% CMC medium fluctuated between 86.41 mg/l to 108.85 mg/l and the protein level was 0.713- 0.991 mg/ml. There were significant temperature and pH effects on the enzymatic activity and the optimal temperature conditions were found to be 50-60°C and pH 4.0. Since palm dates are one of the massive agricultural products of the Southeastern and Southwestern Algeria, use of this strain for transformation of palm tree waste will be an advanced biotechnology tool that will contribute to significantly reduce pollution linked to waste incineration. In addition, resulting fermentation products may be used as sources of energy.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87161161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and antifungal efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles","authors":"M. S., Gowri Aishwarya, Nagajyothi","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p147-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p147-157","url":null,"abstract":"The use of herbs have gained momentum in the contemporary research, as they possess several biological activities. Green synthesised nanoparticles are extensively under exploration due to their multi-faceted roles. The present work details the comparative antioxidant potentials of the leaves and seeds extracts of the herbs Coriander sativum (coriander), Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain), Trigonella foenum-graecum (menthi) and synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The antifungal effects of the synthesized nanoparticles against a pathogenic species of Aspergillus flavus and the mode of action was also analysed. Results of the investigation showed that the seed extract of Ajwain and leaf extract of coriander exhibited the highest antioxidant properties and were used as reducing agents for silver nanoparticles synthesis. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectrum, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectra (SEM-EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The silver nanoparticles showed enhanced antioxidant activity when compared to the extracts. The antifungal studies showed that both the nanoparticles were effective against A. flavus, while C. sativum silver nanoparticle (Cs-AgNP) exhibited the highest activity. The mechanism of antifungal effect showed that the nanoparticles exerted a membranolytic activity on the pathogenic A. flavus. SEM images showed highly wrinkled mycelia in nanoparticles-treated samples and membrane permeabilization was evident from the 1- N-phenyl napththyl amine assay in nanoparticle-treated fungal samples. The activity of a transmembrane enzyme calcium ATPase was also significantly decreased in treated samples confirming the membrane damage effects of nanoparticles. Among the nanoparticles, Cs-AgNP showed the maximum effect. The efficacy of these green synthesized nanoparticles provides insight into their use as effective antifungal agents.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86719656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Actinobacteria from Algerian Saline Soil Samples with Antimicrobial Activities","authors":"I. Belkacem, Dehbine Hakim, Senousaoui Ramzi","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p114-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p114-124","url":null,"abstract":"SECOND RESEARCH PAPER: Isolation and Characterization of Actinobacteria from Algerian Saline Soil Samples with Antimicrobial Activities","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73314146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Oral Pathogens Causing Dental Caries in Medea (Algeria)","authors":"I. Belkacem, Kerboussi Nour Elhouda, Bouchenefa Marwa, Esselimani Hind","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p92-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p92-103","url":null,"abstract":"The oral flora contains about 50 billion bacteria spread throughout more than 500 different species and more than 20 unique genera that coexist inside the oral ecosystem. The objective of this research is to identify the microbiological profile of the oral cavity related to dental caries and to examine their antibiogram profile. To this aim, the samples were taken from entire teeth decay, gingival, subgingival, and buccal cavity, in individuals from Medea in Algeria with age intervals between 7 and 62 years. The isolates' antibiotic sensitivity pattern was also examined. Isolates were identified using morphological, cultural, and biochemical features. This enabled us to discover 25 oral microbial strains that can become pathogenic by producing dental caries. Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most frequent strains in the oral cavity, with prevalence rates of 32, 24, 20, 16, and 8%, respectively. The results also revealed that the prevalence of cariogenic germs depends on the range of age, among the three group ages studied we found that dental caries was high in children where the age group is 7 to 14 years. The results of antibiotic susceptibility have shown that most of the strains are sensitive to antibiotics tested, except Streptococcus spp., and S. aureus was resistant to certain antibiotics. This study indicates that some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, implying that there is no completely efficient treatment for oral diseases and that prevention is the best approach to combat oral infections.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87055255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCR-RFLP Based Detection of atypical Mycobacteria Isolated from Aquatic Environment","authors":"T. Saha, P. Das, Tapti Sengupta","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p104-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(2).p104-113","url":null,"abstract":"Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) serve as the causative agent for fish tuberculosis which is a chronic progressive disease covering a vast range of cultured and wild, freshwater and marine environments in different climatic conditions. Detection of environmental Mycobacteria in a conventional way is generally dependent on the basis of phenotypic, histopathological and biochemical characterization. The present study focused on the distribution and occurrence of mycobacterial pathogens in clinically infected fishes of a variety of species, water and soils from different aquaculture sources in West Bengal, India. Samples were collected from four distinct regions where fishes were examined for granulomatous inflammation. A total of 161 fishes, 127 water and 97 soil samples were examined and 132 (81.98 %), 65 (51.18 %) and 36 (37.11 %) appeared as acid-fast positive respectively. Presences of acid-fast bacteria within necrotic tissue of infected fishes were detected by Zn staining. Morphology, biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacteria were satisfactory to show the acid-fast bacilli belong to the Genus Mycobacteria. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was carried out to analyze the rpoB gene sequencing to confirm Mycobacteria down to the species level. Ten different NTM species were identified using PCR-RFLP analysis. Mycobacterium fortuitum type I was the most abundantly isolated species among all the sample sources. The present study suggests that water play a major role in the epidemiology of environmental Mycobacteria, infecting aquatic organisms and conducting potential public health hazard, especially those who are immune-compromised individual.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87416171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}