{"title":"The application of in situ liquid cell TEM in advanced battery research","authors":"Yi Yuan, S. Pu, Xiangwen Gao, A. Robertson","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"The fast development of modern battery research highly relies on advanced characterisation methods to unveil the fundamental mechanisms of their electrochemical processes. The continued development of in situ characterisation techniques allows the study of dynamic changes during battery cycling rather than just the initial and the final phase. Among these, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is able to provide direct observation of the structural and morphological evolution in batteries at the nanoscale. Using a compact liquid cell configuration, which allows a fluid to be safely imaged in the high vacuum of the TEM, permits the study of a wide range of candidate liquid electrolytes. In this review, the experimental setup is outlined and the important points for reliable operation are summarised, which are critical to the safety and reproducibility of experiments. Furthermore, the application of in situ liquid cell TEM in understanding various aspects, including dendrite growth, the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation, and the electrode structural evolution in different battery systems, is systematically presented. Finally, challenges in the current application and perspectives of the future development of the in situ liquid cell TEM technique are briefly addressed.","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80191452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guang-Lan Li, Kuang Sheng, Yu Lei, Feng Zhang, Juan Yang, Baobao Chang, Liping Zheng, Xian-you Wang
{"title":"Iron phthalocyanine coupled with nickel-iron selenide layered hydroxide derivative as dual-functional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries","authors":"Guang-Lan Li, Kuang Sheng, Yu Lei, Feng Zhang, Juan Yang, Baobao Chang, Liping Zheng, Xian-you Wang","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for dual-functional non-precious metal electrocatalysts are promising alternatives for Pt/Ru-based materials in rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs). However, how to achieve dual-functional oxygen electrocatalytic activity on single-component catalysts and identify the sites responsible for ORR and OER still face many challenges. Herein, an efficient and stable dual-functional electrocatalyst is fabricated by a two-step hydrothermal method with iron phthalocyanine (FePc) π-π stacking on nickel-iron selenide layered hydroxide derivatives (Se/Ni3Se4/Fe3O4). The as-prepared multi-component catalyst (named as FePc/Se@NiFe) exhibits better oxygen electrocatalytic properties than Pt/Ru-based catalysts, with a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.90 V and an overpotential of 10 mA cm-2 (Ej10) of 320 mV. More importantly, chronoamperometry (I-T) and accelerated durability tests (ADT) show the unordinary stability of the catalyst. Both physical characterization and experimental results verify that the Fe-N4 moieties and Ni3Se4 crystalline phase are the main active sites for ORR and OER activities, respectively. The small potential gap (ΔE = Ej10 - E1/2 = 0.622 V) represents superior dual-functional activities of the FePc/Se@NiFe catalyst. Subsequently, the ZABs assembled using FePc/Se@NiFe exhibit excellent performances. This study offers a promising design concept for promoting further development of high-performance ORR and OER electrocatalysts and their application in ZAB.","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79060670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuerui Yang, Yaxin Huang, Jianhui Li, Weilin Huang, Wen Yang, Changquan Wu, Shijun Tang, F. Ren, Z. Gong, N. Zhou, Yong Yang
{"title":"Understanding of working mechanism of lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate in Li||NCM85 battery with enhanced cyclic stability","authors":"Xuerui Yang, Yaxin Huang, Jianhui Li, Weilin Huang, Wen Yang, Changquan Wu, Shijun Tang, F. Ren, Z. Gong, N. Zhou, Yong Yang","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the significant advances achieved in recent years, the development of efficient electrolyte additives to mitigate the performance degradation during long-term cycling of high-energy density lithium||nickel-rich (Li||Ni-rich) batteries remains a significant challenge. To achieve a rational design of electrolytes and avoid unnecessary waste of resources due to trial and error, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism of key electrolyte components, including salts, solvents, and additives. Herein, we present the utilization of lithium difluoro(oxalate) borate (B) (LiDFOB), a B-containing lithium salt, as a functional additive for Li||LiNi0.85Co0.1Mn0.05O2 (NCM85) batteries, and comprehensively investigate its mechanism of action towards enhancing the stability of both anode and cathode interfaces. The preferential reduction and oxidation decomposition of DFOB- leads to the formation of a robust and highly electronically insulating boron-rich interfacial film on the surface of both the Li anode and NCM85 cathode. This film effectively suppresses the consumption of active lithium and the severe decomposition of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the presence of B elements in the cathode-electrolyte interfacial film, such as BF3, BF2OH, and BF2OBF2 compounds, can coordinate with the lattice oxygen of the cathode, forming strong coordination bonds. This can significantly alleviate lattice oxygen loss and mitigate detrimental structural degradation of the Ni-rich cathode. Consequently, the Li||NCM85 battery cycled in LiDFOB-containing electrolyte displays superior capacity retention of 74% after 300 cycles, even at a high charge cut-off voltage of 4.6 V. The comprehensive analysis of the working mechanisms of LiDFOB offers valuable insights for the rational design of electrolytes featuring multifunctional lithium salts or additives for high energy density lithium metal batteries.","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90388213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress in the high-temperature synthesis of atomically dispersed metal on carbon and understanding of their formation mechanism","authors":"","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2022.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.77","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88670320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chong Bai, Sisi Li, Kang Ji, Menglu Wang, Desheng Kong
{"title":"Stretchable microbatteries and microsupercapacitors for next-generation wearable electronics","authors":"Chong Bai, Sisi Li, Kang Ji, Menglu Wang, Desheng Kong","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"Stretchable energy-storage devices are required to power next-generation wearable electronics intimately integrated with the human body. The microbatteries and microsupercapacitors represent promising candidates featuring small footprints and facile system integration. This perspective reviews common strategies to convert conventional rigid devices into stretchable forms. Several prototype soft electronic systems are presented utilizing microbatteries and microsupercapacitors as power sources. We discuss the current challenges and perspectives of the stretchable microbattery and microsupercapacitor. Stretchable forms of miniaturized energy-storage devices often show a significant trade-off between mechanical deformability and electrochemical performances, which present attractive opportunities for the material and engineering community.","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on carbon-based and metal-based negative electrode materials via DFT calculation for high potassium storage performance: a review","authors":"Yuefang Chen, Heyi Sun, Junpeng Guo, Yuwen Zhao, Huan Yang, Hongwei Li, Wei-Jie Li, Shulei Chou, Yong Jiang, Zhijia Zhang","doi":"10.20517/energymater.2023.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.35","url":null,"abstract":"The key R&D concern in the domain of new energy in recent years has been the large-scale development of electrochemical energy storage. However, the steep increase in pricing has constrained the further expansion of lithium-ion batteries, primarily due to the ongoing depletion of their scarce lithium supplies. A potential candidate material at the moment is the potassium-ion battery (KIB), which has an anode made of carbon and/or an alloy and rich reserves, offering an excellent theoretical capacity and ideal working voltage. More significant advancements are still required to achieve long life and high energy density, despite the fact that some significant breakthroughs have been reported. The most recent findings from research on carbon-based [graphite, hard carbon (HC), and nanoporous carbon] and alloy-based (mainly including Sb, Sn, P, and its compounds) anodes for KIBs are compiled in this document. Numerous simulations at the atomic level based on particular chemical interactions, phase transitions, ion/electron transport dynamics, and conduction band spin utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been conducted to thoroughly investigate the storage mechanism of K+ on various electrode materials. Moreover, this paper examined contemporary structural modification techniques used in carbon- and alloy-based anode electrode materials and applied DFT calculations to confirm the advancement of its thorough tests. To promote the manufacturing of rechargeable KIBs, the challenges and potential of KIBs were also explored in future research.","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136258963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Materials for Solar Cell Applications","authors":"A. Bandarenka","doi":"10.1201/9781003025498-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003025498-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90065672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transparent Electron Conductors","authors":"A. Bandarenka","doi":"10.1201/9781003025498-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003025498-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21863,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82387877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}