South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture最新文献_第2页

Influence of Must Supplementation on Growth of Pediococcus spp. after Alcoholic Fermentation 添加Must对酒精发酵后球球菌生长的影响

South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21548/40-1-3163

M. E. Wade, J. Osborne, C. G. Edwards

{"title":"Influence of Must Supplementation on Growth of Pediococcus spp. after Alcoholic Fermentation","authors":"M. E. Wade, J. Osborne, C. G. Edwards","doi":"10.21548/40-1-3163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/40-1-3163","url":null,"abstract":"One factor potentially affecting growth of wine spoilage microbes (e.g., Pediococcus spp.) is the presence of nutrients not consumed during alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To assess the impact of must nutrient supplementation on Pediococcus spp., synthetic grape musts containing low (55.2 mg N/L), medium (250 mg N/L), or high (530 mg N/L) concentrations of yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) were fermented by S. cerevisiae. Upon cessation of fermentative activity P. damnosus OW-2, P. inopinatus OW-8, P. parvulus WS-7C, WS-29A, OW-1, or P. pentosaceus ATCC 33316 were inoculated at 104 to 105 cfu/mL. With the exceptions of OW-1 and OW-2, none of the other species or strains grew in the synthetic wines unless yeast extract or peptone was added, suggesting the absence of an essential nutrient. Experiments were replicated using Cabernet Sauvignon musts containing low (66.9 mg N/L), medium (219 mg N/L), and high (438 mg N/L) YAN. In general, wines containing the greatest residual amino acid concentrations (high YAN) supported better growth of the aforementioned Pediococcus spp. However, low YAN wines containing negligible residual nitrogen achieved similar populations after a short period of initial inhibition, suggesting that ‘excessive’ nitrogen supplementation to musts does not have a large impact on growth of pediococci post alcoholic fermentation.","PeriodicalId":21860,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81207397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Physiological Response of Three Grapevine Cultivars Grown In North-Western Poland to Mycorrhizal Fungi 波兰西北部三种葡萄品种对菌根真菌的生理反应

South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21548/40-1-3086

G. Mikiciuk, L. Sas-Paszt, M. Mikiciuk, E. Derkowska, P. Trzciński, P. Ptak, Urszula Chylewska, M. Statkiewicz, A. Lisek

{"title":"Physiological Response of Three Grapevine Cultivars Grown In North-Western Poland to Mycorrhizal Fungi","authors":"G. Mikiciuk, L. Sas-Paszt, M. Mikiciuk, E. Derkowska, P. Trzciński, P. Ptak, Urszula Chylewska, M. Statkiewicz, A. Lisek","doi":"10.21548/40-1-3086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/40-1-3086","url":null,"abstract":"West Pomerania (Poland) is located near the northern boundary of the range of viticulture (the coldest zone A). Unfavourable weather conditions can pose a serious threat to the cultivated vines. One of the treatments used to increase the tolerance of plants to abiotic and biotic stresses is inoculation with symbiotic soil microorganisms. This paper focuses on the influence of mycorrhization on the changes in soil microbiology, the degree of colonization of roots by mycorrhizal fungi, and on selected physiological parameters of three grapevine cultivars (‘Pinot Noir’ on SO4 rootstock, ‘Regent’ on 5BB rootstock, and ‘Rondo’ on 125AA rootstock). The applied inoculation had a stimulating effect on the colonization of roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, as evidenced by higher mycorrhizal frequency and intensity in the mycorrhized plants. The mycorrhizal treatment increased the intensity of CO2 assimilation and transpiration. Mycorrhization reduced the efficiency of photosynthetic water use and increased stomatal conductance for water in the grapevines tested. The mycorrhizal treatment did not affect the concentration of assimilation pigments in vine leaves. The mycorrhization of grapevines had no effect on the values of initial fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, the maximum potential efficiency of photochemical reaction in PS II, the size of the pool of reduced electron acceptors in PS II, nor on the value of the PS II vitality index.","PeriodicalId":21860,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79828167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Grapevine Leaf Application of Steinernema yirgalemense to Control Planococcus ficus in Semi-field Conditions 半田条件下对葡萄叶片施菌控制无花果扁球菌

South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21548/40-1-3141

T. Platt, N. F. Stokwe, A. Malan

{"title":"Grapevine Leaf Application of Steinernema yirgalemense to Control Planococcus ficus in Semi-field Conditions","authors":"T. Platt, N. F. Stokwe, A. Malan","doi":"10.21548/40-1-3141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/40-1-3141","url":null,"abstract":"The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus Signoret (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a key insect pest of South African grapevine. The ability of mealybugs to avoid or resist the action of chemical pesticides has led to the investigation of alternative control methods, such as the application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). However, EPN application faces challenges, due to the maladaptation of EPN species to aboveground conditions. In this study, the ability of adjuvants to improve the control of P. ficus in grapevine using an indigenous nematode species, Steinernema yirgalemense, was investigated. A trial was performed to assess EPN survival on grapevine foliage, when applied in the morning (high humidity / low temperature) compared with in the afternoon (high temperature / low humidity). In a semi-field trial, the combination of adjuvants Zeba® and Nu-Film-P® resulted in 66% control of P. ficus after 48 h, compared to the use of Zeba® alone (43%), and EPNs alone (28%). Additionally, lower concentrations of EPNs showed predictably lower mortality rates of P. ficus. Significantly, higher EPN survival was recorded at each time interval in the morning, compared with the corresponding interval in the afternoon. This study demonstrates the ability of S. yirgalemense, when applied with adjuvants and at an appropriate time of day, to control P. ficus on grapevine, under semi-field conditions.","PeriodicalId":21860,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84197484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Effects on Berry Shrinkage in Vitis vinifera. L cv. ‘Merlot’ From Changes in Canopy/Root Ratio: A Preliminary Approach 对葡萄果实收缩的影响。我的简历。“梅洛”冠根比变化的初步研究

South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21548/40-1-2867

G. Gutiérrez-Gamboa, C. Pardo, Y. Moreno-Simunovic

{"title":"Effects on Berry Shrinkage in Vitis vinifera. L cv. ‘Merlot’ From Changes in Canopy/Root Ratio: A Preliminary Approach","authors":"G. Gutiérrez-Gamboa, C. Pardo, Y. Moreno-Simunovic","doi":"10.21548/40-1-2867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/40-1-2867","url":null,"abstract":"A trial was conducted to find a possible relationship between the canopy/root ratio and the incidence and severity of premature berry shrinkage, and to propose an alternative to avoid this phenomenon in ‘Merlot’ grapevines. The ratio was changed by cutting foliage at a certain height 15 days before veraison, and by delaying the removal of trunk shoots. Treatments were the control (T1), 50% foliage area of control (T2), 75% foliage area of control (T3), and delayed trunk shoot removal (T4). Foliage area and the canopy/root ratio were lower in the T2 and T3 treatments. T4 was ineffective in changing the parameters. The incidence of berry shrinkage was lower for the T2 and T3 treatments, with the percentage of affected plants dropping from the 52% of the control to 22.9% and 31.3% for T2 and T3 respectively, and from 52.4% of the affected bunches to 16.6% and 21.2% for the same treatments respectively. The percentage of affected bunches falling into the range of moderate to severe damage fell from the 24% of the control to 5.2% and 3.9% for T2 and T3 respectively. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the incidence and severity of berry shrinkage by decreasing the canopy/root ratio in ‘Merlot’ grapevines.","PeriodicalId":21860,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81096899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Impact of Time, Oxygen and Different Anthocyanin to Tannin Ratios on the Precipitate and Extract Composition Using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry 时间、氧气和不同花青素/单宁比对沉淀和萃取物组成的影响

South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21548/40-1-3249

Gonzalo Garrido‐Bañuelos, A. Buica, A. D. Villiers, W. D. Toit

引用次数: 5

Gentisic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Total Phenolic Content and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Red Wines Made from Various Grape Varieties 不同葡萄品种酿制的红葡萄酒中黄芪酸、水杨酸、总酚含量及胆碱酯酶抑制活性的研究

South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21548/40-1-2885

A. Stój, D. Szwajgier, E. Baranowska-Wójcik, D. Domagała

{"title":"Gentisic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Total Phenolic Content and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Red Wines Made from Various Grape Varieties","authors":"A. Stój, D. Szwajgier, E. Baranowska-Wójcik, D. Domagała","doi":"10.21548/40-1-2885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/40-1-2885","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease is characterised by a decrease in acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the brain due to the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). As a result, disorders in cholinergic transmission are observed, leading to cognitive impairment. In this work, the inhibition of AChE and BChE activities by red wines made of various grape varieties was determined for the first time. There was no significant difference in the polyphenol content between the grape varieties; nevertheless, there were significant differences in the content of gentisic acid and salicylic acid, and in the inhibition of AChE and BChE between the wine samples. A statistically significant correlation between AChE inhibitory activity and salicylic acid, as well as between BChE inhibitory activity and total phenolic content, was recorded. In model solution studies, it was shown that salicylic acid effectively inhibited BChE activity at concentrations similar to the maximum concentrations found in the test wines. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that the wines could be divided into three groups. Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah wines had the highest content of salicylic acid and AChE inhibitory activity, as well as low BChE inhibitory activity. Pinot noir, Tempranillo, Regent and Rondo wines showed the lowest content of salicylic acid and low AChE inhibitory activity. Garnacha tinta, Merlot, Montepulciano and Negroamaro wines had a medium content of salicylic acid, and the highest or medium BChE inhibitory activity. This work is important for both the wine industry and for health protection.","PeriodicalId":21860,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84594089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Foliar Application of Steinernema yirgalemense to Control Planococcus ficus: Assessing Adjuvants to Improve Efficacy 叶面应用杨氏斯坦纳菌防治无花果扁平球菌:评估佐剂以提高疗效

South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21548/40-1-2920

T. Platt, N. F. Stokwe, A. Malan

{"title":"Foliar Application of Steinernema yirgalemense to Control Planococcus ficus: Assessing Adjuvants to Improve Efficacy","authors":"T. Platt, N. F. Stokwe, A. Malan","doi":"10.21548/40-1-2920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/40-1-2920","url":null,"abstract":"The vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus) is regarded as a key mealybug pest of grapevines in South Africa, with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) being touted as a potential alternative to chemical control, although their vulnerability to above-ground environmental conditions has limited their use. In this study, tests were conducted to assess the ability of adjuvants to increase the deposition of S. yirgalemense on grapevine leaves. The combination of Nu-Film-P® and Zeba® resulted in significantly more infective juveniles (30) being deposited per 4 cm2 leaf disc than with either the control (14.8), or with Nu-Film-P® (23.3), although not significantly more than with Zeba® alone (29.2). The ability of S. yirgalemense, in conjunction with the two adjuvants, to control P. ficus on grapevine foliage was then assessed under controlled conditions. The application of S. yirgalemense with both Zeba® and Nu-Film-P® to P. ficus on leaf discs in a growth chamber resulted in 84% mortality, significantly greater than that attained by the application of S. yirgalemense with either Zeba® (47%), or water alone (26%). Similar results were observed in a glasshouse trial, in which the combination of S. yirgalemense, Zeba® and Nu-Film-P® offered 88% control of P. ficus on leaf discs hung on potted vines, compared with the control that was achieved with S. yirgalemense with either Zeba® (56%) or water alone (30%). This study demonstrates the potential of a combination of S. yirgalemense with adjuvants to give significant control of P. ficus on grapevine foliage, compared with using EPNs alone.","PeriodicalId":21860,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89085116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Diversity and Identification of Yeasts Isolated from Tumultuous Stage of Spontaneous Table Grape Fermentations in Central China 中国中部鲜食葡萄自发发酵动荡期分离酵母的多样性和鉴定

South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21548/40-1-2950

D. Ye, Y. Sun, Song Yuyang, Xl Ma, Xuexue Ren, Xue Gong, Yanlin Liu

{"title":"Diversity and Identification of Yeasts Isolated from Tumultuous Stage of Spontaneous Table Grape Fermentations in Central China","authors":"D. Ye, Y. Sun, Song Yuyang, Xl Ma, Xuexue Ren, Xue Gong, Yanlin Liu","doi":"10.21548/40-1-2950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21548/40-1-2950","url":null,"abstract":"Table grapes are of increasing interest for wine production in China. In this study, 480 yeast isolates were isolated from the tumultuous stage during the spontaneous fermentation of six table grape varieties, which were cultivated in an ecological environment that was not industry-influenced, in Central China. The 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis was more efficient for yeast species identification than the 5.8S-ITS region RFLP analysis in the present study. All the tested strains belonged to nine species from six genera: Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, H. opuntiae, H. uvarum, Pichia terricola, Kazachstania hellenica, K. zonata, P. occidentalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii. The yeast species and populations differed notably among the grape varieties. S. cerevisiae was found in the samples of four grape varieties (Vitis amurensis, Iona, Moldova and V. davidii), but not detected in Cuihong and Alimandeng Rose. Interdelta sequence fingerprinting analysis was used to discriminate between 128 S. cerevisiae isolates. Eight S. cerevisiae genotypes (G1 to G8) were distinguished. Genotypes G1, G2, and G3 were the most dominant strains, accounting for 32.03%, 24.22% and 28.13% of the isolates respectively. This study shows the diversity of yeast species associated with spontaneous fermentations of different table grape varieties grown in an ecological environment without any wine industry effect or footprint.","PeriodicalId":21860,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87513750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Application of Heated Water to Reduce Populations of Brettanomyces bruxellensis Present in Oak Barrel Staves 加热水对降低橡木桶壁勃氏菌数量的影响

South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.21548/40-1-3008

C. G. Edwards, Z. Cartwright

引用次数: 7

Research Note: The Use of SO2 to Bind Acetaldehyde in Wine: Sensory Implications 研究笔记:使用二氧化硫结合葡萄酒中的乙醛:感官影响

South African Journal of Enology & Viticulture Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.21548/39-2-3156

C. Coetzee, A. Buica, W. D. Toit

引用次数: 6