Spektrum der Augenheilkunde最新文献

{"title":"Rekrutmen PDIP dalam Pilkada 2020: Antara Strategi Pemenangan dan Pelembagaan Partai Politik","authors":"J. J. Prihatmoko","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v19i2.6655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v19i2.6655","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper describes the winning strategy and institutionalization of political parties in the recruitment of PDIP candidates in 21 districts/cities in the 2020 simultaneous regional head and deputy regional head elections in Central Java Province. The research uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the recruitment of PDIP candidates in the simultaneous regional head elections was capitalized as part of a winning strategy rather than party institutionalization. Using Adman Nursal's concept, found 7 recruitment patterns, which are based on four strategies: a) reinforcement, b) rationalization, c) inducement, and d) confrontation.From the point of view of party institutionalization based on the concept of Vicky Randall and Lars Svasand, it can be seen that the magnitude of the push as a floating party is indicated by the degree of (1) systemness, (2) value identity, (3) autonomy in decision making, and (4) knowledge or public image (reification) of a political party.The pattern of PDIP regional election recruitment that is closed but seems open confirms the development of the character of a “floating party”, namely a political party that is less responsible and less responsive to its constituents. Luckily, in a floating mass atmosphere that is not politically literate, PDIP candidates won the majority of the 2020 simultaneous regional elections in Central Java.Keywords: Political Recruitment, Winning Strategy, Political Institutionalization, Floating PartyAbstrakPenelitian ini ingin menjelaskan strategi pemenangan dan pelembagaan partai politik dalam rekrutmen calon PDIP di 21 kabupaten/kota pada pemilihan kepala daerah dan wakil kepala daerah serentak tahun 2020 di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rekrutmen calon PDIP pada pilkada serentak dikapitaliasi sebagai bagian strategi pemenangan dibanding pelembagaan partai. Menggunakan konsep Adman Nursal, ditemukan 7 pola rekrutmen, yang didasarkan pada empat strategi: a) penguatan (reinforcement strategy), b) rasionalisasi (rationalization strategy), c) bujukan (inducement srategy), dan d) konfrontasi (confrontation strategy). Dari sudut pelembagaan partai berdasarkan konsep Vicky Randall dan Lars Svasand terlihat besarnya dorongan sebagai partai mengambang (floating party) yang diindikasikan dari derajat (1) kesisteman (systemness), (2) identitas nilai (value infusion), (3) otonomi dalam pembuatan keputusan (decisional autonomy), dan (4) pengetahuan atau citra publik (reification) terhadap suatu partai politik. Pola rekrutmen pilkada PDIP yang tertutup tapi terkesan terbuka mengkonfirmasikan terbangunnya watak “partai mengambang” (floating party), yakni partai politik yang kurang bertanggungjawab dan kurang tanggap terhadap konstituen. Beruntung, dalam atmosfer massa mengambang (floting mass) yang tidak melek politik, calon-calon PDIP memenangi mayoritas ","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78079082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction outcomes in a tertiary referral center","authors":"R. Told, Anja Pichler, B. Lackner, A. Kuchar, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, Roman Dunavölgyi","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00523-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00523-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"36 1","pages":"166-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47916442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of laser peripheral iridoplasty in the treatment of acute primary angle closure","authors":"Anh Tuan Vu, Thi Van Anh Bui, Lan Anh Mai, Thanh Tung Hoang, Le Trung Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00522-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00522-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"101-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41666575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde – Publisher’s Report 2022","authors":"A. Sillaber","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00520-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00520-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"36 1","pages":"85 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42573405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"62. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft","authors":"A. M. Ladek, H. Reitsamer, A. Trost, A., Trost","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00519-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00519-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"36 1","pages":"39 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44665107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperatives Floppy-Iris-Syndrom – Gibt es Neuigkeiten zur systemischen Medikation?","authors":"B. Weingessel, Jolanda Steininger, T. Spöttl, W. Huf, B. Reiter, Christina Bräuer, Saskia Tipotsch-Maca, V. Vécsei-Marlovits","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00518-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00518-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"36 1","pages":"128 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41603415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domain-general cognitive motivation: Evidence from economic decision-making - Final Registered Report.","authors":"Jennifer L Crawford, Sarah A Eisenstein, Jonathan E Peelle, Todd S Braver","doi":"10.1186/s41235-022-00363-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-022-00363-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stable individual differences in cognitive motivation (i.e., the tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities) have been documented with self-report measures, yet convergent support for a trait-level construct is still lacking. In the present study, we used an innovative decision-making paradigm (COG-ED) to quantify the costs of cognitive effort, a metric of cognitive motivation, across two distinct cognitive domains: working memory (an N-back task) and speech comprehension (understanding spoken sentences in background noise). We hypothesized that cognitive motivation operates similarly within individuals, regardless of domain. Specifically, in 104 adults aged 18-40 years, we tested whether individual differences in effort costs are stable across domains, even after controlling for other potential sources of shared individual variation. Conversely, we evaluated whether the costs of cognitive effort across domains may be better explained in terms of other relevant cognitive and personality-related constructs, such as working memory capacity or reward sensitivity. We confirmed a reliable association among effort costs in both domains, even when these other sources of individual variation, as well as task load, are statistically controlled. Taken together, these results add support for trait-level variation in cognitive motivation impacting effort-based decision making across multiple domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"11 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8931160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73272872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ocular manifestations in Parkinson disease and their change during a 2-year follow-up","authors":"M. Rabinovich, K. Gillmann, U. Birk, Nir Shoham-Hazon, Jean-Marc Baumgartner","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00516-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00516-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"109 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44940621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idiopathische konjunktivale Lymphangiektasie","authors":"Kristin Artz, Babac Mazinani","doi":"10.1007/s00717-021-00513-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-021-00513-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48490747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Produktinformation","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/BF03162985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03162985","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"6 1","pages":"130-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF03162985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51954478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}