Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"In Vitro Release Kinetic Study of Ciprofloxacin HCl from Methocel K15M CR, Methocel K4M CR and Methocel K4M Premium Matrix Tablets","authors":"Muhammad Shahidul Islam, T. Haque, R. Jahangir, K. Fatema, M. Vhuiyan, I. J. Biva","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5814","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study Ciprofloxacin HCl sustained release matrix tablet was prepared by utilizing different grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymers such as Methocel K4M CR, Methocel K4M Premium & Methocel K15M CR by direct compression method. Different amount of Methocel K15M CR was used to develop matrix builder in the three proposed formulations (F1-F3) for the study of release rate retardant effect at 5%, 6%, and 7% of total weight of tablet matrix respectively. The dissolution study of Methocel K15M CR based tablet matrices of those proposed formulations were carried out in the simulated gastric medium (pH 1.3) for 8 hours using USP dissolution apparatus II. Similarly Methocel K4M premium was used to develop matrix builder in another three proposed formulations (F4-F6). It was found that formulations F-4 (15%), F-5 (17%) and F-6 (18.3%) met the desired release rate of Ciprofloxacin HCl for 8hrs period. The release kinetics of formulation F-4, F-5 and F-6 followed Higuchi kinetic order. Again Methocel K4M premium was used for another three proposed formulations (F7-F9). It was found that formulations F-7 (6.7%), F-8 (12.3%) and F-9 (15.6%) met the desired release rate of Ciprofloxacin HCl for 8hrs period. The release kinetics of formulation F-7, F-8 and F-9 followed Higuchi kinetic order. Among these three polymers, Methocel K4M Premium showed better release retardant effect than Methocel K4M CR and Methocel K15M CR. Key Words: Ciprofloxacin HCl; Direct compression; Controlled release; Methocel K15M CR; Methocel K4M CR; Methocel K4M premium. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i1.5814 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(1) 2009: 37-43","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"122 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87986199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of raw materials on drug release from developed Ciprofloxacin tablets","authors":"H. Ali, J. Aslam, Bazigah Rasool, S. Khan, Alaa Agondi","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5819","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to assess and evaluate the effect of two parameters on tablet formulation of Ciprofloxacin: a) particle size of raw material and b) storage conditions of both raw material and finished product. The raw materials were two commercial products, coarse (RM1) and fine (RM2) and locally produced granular form (RM3) prepared from RM2. Three tablet formulations were prepared from the raw materials and designated as F1, F2 and F3. The formulation F1 were prepared from RM1, F2 from RM2 by slugging and F3 from RM3 by direct compression. The raw materials and finished products were then subjected to assessment of the different parameters at the time of production and after storage for three month. The particle size distribution for the raw materials was found to be 250 μm for RM2, RM1 and RM3, respectively. The moisture uptake at 25°C and 4°C under 75% RH was found to be the highest for the fine powder raw material (RM2), however, the developed granular form RM3 showed the least uptake. Moreover, F2 did not attain 80% dissolution after storage of 3 month. The F1 and F3 formulation passed the dissolution test after storage of 3 month, hence, F3 showed the highest value of dissolution (82%) in 30 minutes. The physicochemical properties of raw materials, storage conditions, and manufacturing techniques were found to exert a great influence over the dissolution behavior of Ciprofloxacin tablet formulations. Key words: Ciprofloxacin tablets; dissolution behavior; physicochemical properties; storage conditions DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5819 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 8-15","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86396922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of L-PLA based Intrascleral Implant for Sustained Intraocular Delivery of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate","authors":"Nazia Zaman, M. Talukder, T. Haque, K. Alam, K. Fatema","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5817","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to develop biodegradable intrascleral implants of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate and to evaluate the release pattern of the drug from the prepared implants. Intrascleral implants were prepared by using biodegradable polymer L-PLA (m.wt. 61,200 Da). Sodium chloride (NaCl), gelatin and glycerol monostearate (GMS) were used in various formulations to observe the effects of these additives on the release of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate from the prepared L-PLA based intrascleral implants. Five different formulations were prepared for this study and were coded as FD-1 (10%drug+L-PLA), FD-2 (20%drug+L-PLA), FD-3 (10%drug+L-PLA+5%NaCl), FD-4 (10%drug+L-PLA +5%Gelatin) and FD-5 (10%drug+L-PLA+10% GMS). Discs were prepared and made into appropriate shape before submerging into the buffer solution of pH 7.4 in different vials. The in vitro release profile of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate from the implants showed a biphasic release pattern with an initial burst followed by a diffusive phase. It was observed that FD-1 and FD-2 showed 19.63% and 29.87% release on the first day and 24.22% and 38.5% release respectively at day 30. The drug loading of FD-1 and FD-2 was 10% and 20% respectively. Among FD-3, FD-4 and FD-5; FD-3 showed highest release (32.1%) at day 30 in which 5% NaCl was used. FD-4 showed 27.45% release at day 30 where gelatin, a hydrophilic agent was used and FD-5 containing GMS, a lipid material, was found to be most retarding (19.22% at day 30). The results of the dissolution study provide an idea that L-PLA may be successfully used for the preparation of biodegradable intrascleral implant of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate. Key words: Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate; Bioidegradable polymer; Intrascleral implants. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i1.5817 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(1) 2009: 56-60","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75735425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Dissolution Study of Different Brands of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Capsules Available in Bangladesh","authors":"N. Huda, Y. Jhanker, A. Shahid-ud-Daula, Most. Nazma Parvin, Shammy Sarwar","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5827","url":null,"abstract":"Commercially available twenty national and four multinational brands of Amoxicillin Trihydrate capsules were studied  in water  for 60 minutes using USP reference dissolution apparatus. All, except  two national brands (Code: NB-8 and NB-15); complied with  the USP  in vitro dissolution specification  for drug release (not  less than 80% of the labelled amount of amoxicillin trihydrate should be dissolved in 60 minutes). Drug releases from those two brands were 75% and 67% respectively within the specified time period. Key words: In vitro Dissolution; Market preparations; Amoxicillin Trihydrate; Capsule; National Brand; Multinational Brand. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5827 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 72-75","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"72-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76042860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of HPMC, PVA and Gelatin as Matrices for Controlled Release Drug Delivery","authors":"M. Basher, A. Kabir, M. M. Hussain, M. Mamun","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5816","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to compare three different polymeric gums- HPMC, PVA and gelatin as controlled release matrices. Diclofenac sodium, a potent analgesic, was used as the model drug. Different ratio of HPMC, PVA and gelatin were incorporated into the lactose loaded Diclofenac tablet to explore their impact on drug release. Matrix tablets of Diclofenac were prepared by using individual polymer with magnesium stearate and aerosil by direct compression process at 5 ton pressure. The release of drug from these matrices was studied over 2 hrs in acidic media where insignificant release was observed. Then, the same formulations were studied over 8 hours in buffer media of pH 6.8 at a temperature of 37± 0.5°C. Statistically significant differences in drug release profile was found among the tablets prepared from different matrices. The study revealed that the average % release of drug from different types of polymer loaded matrix tablet varied with the ratio of different polymers. Among the three polymers, PVA showed best dissolution pattern. A comparison of Higuchi curve and bi-exponential curve was also performed. Key words: HPMC; PVA; Gelatin; Controlled release; Diclofenac DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i1.5816 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(1) 2009: 51-55","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73521030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Leaves of Opuntia dillenii Haw.","authors":"R. Akter, S. Hasan, Mokarram Hossain, Taksim Ahmed, M. M. Majumder, Masuda Akter","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5811","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidant potential of the 80% methanol extract of the leaves of Opuntia dillenii was evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide radical scavenging, reducing power, total phenol and total flavonoid content determination assays. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract was also carried out, which revealed that the extract possesses flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids and tannins. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in all antioxidant assays compared to the reference antioxidant in a dose dependent manner. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, the IC 50 value of the crude extract was found to be 15.71μg/mL while the IC50 value for the reference ascorbic acid was 10.84 μg/mL. Again, the extract showed remarkable nitric oxide scavenging potential and good reducing power. Moreover, the methanol extract was found to contain high amount of phenols and flavonoids, expressed as gallic acid and rutin equivalents respectively. Based on the findings of the present study, we conclude that the methanol extract of the leaves of O. dillenii possesses remarkable antioxidant potential which may be attributed to the high amount of phenols and flavonoids present in the extract. Key Words: Opuntia dillenii ; Antioxidant; Reactive oxygen species; DPPH; Nitric oxide radical DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i1.5811 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(1) 2009: 22-26","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86040003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation Development and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablets of Loratadine","authors":"A. Kalam, Lutful Kabir, S. Rahman, Abu Shara, S. Rouf","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.5825","url":null,"abstract":"Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) is common among all age groups, especially in elderly and pediatrics. Mouth dissolving tablets constitute an innovative dosage forms that overcome the problems of swallowing and provides a quick onset of action. The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate mouth dissolving tablet of loratadine using a special preparation technology (pharmaburst Technology) with a super disintegrating agent (Croscarmellose sodium). Tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, bulkiness, compressibility index and hausners ratio. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, uniformity of weight, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration time and drug content. In vitro release studies were performed using USP-II (paddle method) in 900ml of pH 1.2 at 50rpm. The physical properties of the prepared tablets did not show any significant variations and were found to have good physical integrity. Tablets prepared with pharmaburst B2 and Croscarmellose sodium showed a lesser disintegration time and wetting time of 27±0.10 and 38±0.13 seconds respectively. The best formulations were subjected to stability studies at 40oC/75% RH for 60 days.","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72659399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Antibiotics Use at the Primary Health Care Level of Bangladesh: Survey Report-1","authors":"S. Hasan, Mokarram Hossain, R. Akter, Sm Hasibul Karim, S. Haque, Kamaluddin, Abdul Ghani","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5809","url":null,"abstract":"Although Bangladesh has made substantial progress in drug manufacturing since the introduction of its National Drug Policy (NDP) in 1982, irrational use of drugs, inappropriate prescribing, inadequate access to essential drugs and unjustified self medication are a few of a range of problems that are affecting the total health care system seriously. Taking this in view, a survey project has been designed to conduct nationwide to explore the pattern of antibiotics use at the primary health care level in Bangladesh using carefully constructed questionnaires containing questions covering both antibiotic prescription habit of the physicians and patients’ response to antibiotic use. In the first phase of this effort, 20 Upazila Health Complexes and the Union Health Centres thereunder each of Dhaka and Chittagong division were randomly surveyed. From physician survey it was evident that 55.57% of the doctors prescribe antibiotics in suspected infection while only 33.46% of them prescribe antibiotics in confirmed cases. 40.22% of doctors prescribe antibiotics in cold and fever before any diagnostic test. Moreover, 37.31% of doctors prescribe antibiotics for pleasing the patients whereas 62.44% denied such undue influence. Doctors seldom receive feedback of completion of course of antibiotic therapy by patients. Cephalosporin was found to be the most (26.9%) preferred antibiotic in case of empirical therapy. On the other hand, it was evident from patient survey that cold, fever and acute respiratory infection (ARI) were prevalent (39.78%) causes that brought the patients to physician. 60.1 % of the patients reported that they get essential antibiotics from hospital free of cost while 24.5% of them complained that they do not get antibiotics from hospital. 34.76% of the patients reported that they complete the course of antibiotic therapy by buying antibiotics from the market whereas 56.14% of them do not buy the full course and stop taking medicine (53.46%) as soon as symptoms subside. The results of the present survey indicate that antibiotics are widely and inappropriately used without following standard guidelines or based on any rationality. This is an alarming situation, which should be properly taken care of by the relevant authority to save the people from growing antibiotic resistance. Key words: Bangladesh; Rational use; Antibiotics; Primary health care. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i1.5809 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(1) 2009: 1-7","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79193560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Release Kinetics Study of Different Brands of Esomeprazole Sustained Release Tablets Available in Bangladesh","authors":"A. Kabir, Tasbira Jesmeen, M. Talukder, Abu Taher Md Rajib, D. M. Rahman","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I1.5812","url":null,"abstract":"Commercially available four national and four international brands of esomeprazole magnesium sustained release matrix tablets were studied in simulated gastric medium (pH 1.2) for 2 hours and simulated intestinal medium (pH 6.8) for 8 hours time period using USP reference dissolution apparatus. All the national and international brands complied with the USP in-vitro dissolution specifications for drug release in simulated gastric medium. However, one of the national brands (Code: MP-1) and one of the international brands (MP-7) failed to fulfill the official requirement of 80% drug release within 8th hour in simulated intestinal medium. Drug release of that national and international brand were 70.49% and 67.05% respectively within the specified time period, however one national brand (Code: MP-4) released 103.46 % drug within 8th hour in intestinal medium. Drug release profiles were analyzed for zero order, first order and Higuchi equation to reveal the release kinetics perspective of esomeprazole magnesium sustained release matrix tablets. It was found that zero order release kinetics was the predominant release mechanism than first order and Higuchi release kinetics for those brands (Code: MP-2, MP-3, MP-4, MP-5, MP-6 and MP-8) which complied with the USP in vitro dissolution specification for drug releases. On the other hand, first order release kinetics was predominant for one national and also one international non compliant brands (Code: MP-1 and MP-6). Key Words: In vitro dissolution; Sustained release; Market preparations; Kinetic analysis; Esomeprazole; National brand; International brand. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i1.5812 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(1) 2009: 27-31","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"114 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77801897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasting and Post Prandial Monitoring of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) - A Biomarker to Assess Incretin Response in Type-2 Diabetes","authors":"Venkatesham Allenki, R. Devarakonda, R. N. R. Anreddy, N. Pantam, N. Yellu","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.1698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V2I2.1698","url":null,"abstract":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) could serve as a potential biomarker in monitoring the disease progression and improvement on treatment. To investigate fasting & post prandial response of DPP-IV enzyme as indirect marker of incretin response failure after chronic treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes. The study included twelve nondiabetic subjects, ten patients with glycosylated hemoglobin values (6-8%) and fifteen patients with glycosylated hemoglobin greater than 8 % of type-2 diabetes patients of either sex with metformin treatment above 3 years were recruited. Fasting and post prandial DPP-IV levels were calculated. HbA1c was used to assess diabetes status. DPP-IV activity (fasting) in type 2 diabetic subjects with HbA1c > 8 % was significantly higher DPP-IV (44.67 ± 2.19 U/l) than in non diabetic subjects (24.39 ± 3.97 U/l). A significant correlation between DPP-IV (fasting / post prandial) and HbA1c (r = 0.821 & r = 0.732, P< 0.01) was observed in both diabetic (HbA1c 6-8, HbA1c < 8) patients. Hyperglycemia induces significant increase in serum DPP-IV activity in fasting condition and might contribute to the reduction in active glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1) in type 2 diabetic subjects. In normal subjects during post prandial condition, there is sudden increase followed by decrease of GLP-1 due to cleavage of GLP-1 to as substrate of DPP-IV is seen as upsurge of DPP-IV. This response was lacking in diabetic patients with high HbA1c indicates indirectly metformin failure to secrete GLP-1. High fasting level and decreased post prandial of DPP-IV may indicate drug failure in type-2 diabetes mellitus. Key words: Type 2 diabetes; metformin; DPP-IV; HbA1c; GLP-1. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.1698 Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 81-85","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80601007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}