Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage最新文献

{"title":"The Application of an Artificial Neural Network As a Baseline Model For Condition Monitoring of Innovative Humidified Micro Gas Turbine Cycles","authors":"Kathryn Colquhoun, Homam Nikpey Somehsaraei, W. De Paepe","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82444","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to high penetration of renewables, the EU energy system is undergoing a transition from large-scale centralized generation towards small-scale distributed generation. The increasing share of intermittent renewables such as solar and wind has become the main driver for dispatchable distributed energy generation technologies to maintain the grid flexibility and stability. In this context, micro gas turbines (MGTs) with high fuel and operation flexibility could play a crucial role to guarantee the grid stability, enabling deeper penetration of the intermittent renewable energy sources.\u0000 Despite this, the MGT market is still considered to be niche and there are R&D&I challenges that need to be addressed to further promote this technology in distributed generation applications. Innovative MGT cycles based on a cycle humidification concept, can be considered to obtain higher system performance. However, given the fact that MGTs are installed close to the consumption points, where they are operated by non-technical prosumers with very limited access to maintenance services, they should also offer high availability and reliability to avoid unexpected outages and secure the supply. Therefore, intelligent monitoring systems are needed that can support non-expert end-users to detect degradation and plan maintenance before a breakdown occurs.\u0000 In this study we investigated and developed advanced methods based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for condition monitoring of a humidified MGT cycle under real-life operational conditions. To create a high-performing model, extensive data preprocessing has been conducted to remove data outliers and select optimum model features, which provide best results. Additionally, the model hyperparameters such as learning rate, momentum and number of hidden nodes have been altered to achieve the most accurate predictions. The results of this study have provided a baseline ANN model capable of conducting condition monitoring of a micro-Humid Air Turbine (mHAT) system, which will be applied to additional studies in the future.","PeriodicalId":217779,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124405239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking 70% Net Electric Combined Cycle Efficiency With CMC Gas Turbine Blades","authors":"E. Martelli, Marco Girardi, P. Chiesa","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-81118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81118","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on the optimal cycle design criteria for heavy duty gas turbines employing CMC blades. A combined cycle model with detailed description of the cooled gas turbine is used to determine the optimal Turbine Inlet Temperature and pressure ratio for two values of maximum allowed CMC wall temperatures (1300, 1500 °C). Results indicate that the maximum efficiency of the combined cycle is achieved with pressure ratio above 60, posing the need of adopting two shafts for the gas turbine and high temperature materials for the high-pressure compressor. Net electric efficiency above 70% (LHV basis) can be approached with CMC blade wall temperatures of 1300 °C (TIT = 2000 °C) and efficiency values approaching 72% with CMC blade wall temperatures of 1500 °C and TIT of 2200 °C. Compared to current H-class gas turbines, the simple cycle efficiency increases by about 10 percentage points (> 53% vs. 43% LHV basis) and the net specific work/net power output by 66%–110% depending on the pressure ratio and TIT. The most critical challenge to achieve such performance appears to be the temperature gradient across the blade wall and the temperature capability (maximum surface temperature and temperature gradient) of the blade coatings.","PeriodicalId":217779,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114528530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Blade Surface Heat Transfer for Partial Intercooling and Thrust Augmentation","authors":"A. Gannon, Thomas Morgan, W. Smith, G. Hobson","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82744","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gas turbine engines are widely used prime movers in aircraft. A thermodynamic tool to analyze the improvement to aircraft high bypass ratio engines using existing aerodynamic stator and outlet guide vane surfaces for heat exchange to achieve decreased specific fuel consumption is presented. The potential benefits are twofold, heat removed from the high pressure compressor stator blade rows reduce the compressor work while rejecting this heat to expand the bypass flow increases the thrust. Concepts for recuperated and intercooled gas turbine engines for aviation have been investigated but these usually make use of additional heat exchange devices through the cycle. While these approaches are successful on land based systems, weight and integration issues limit their benefit in aviation. While previous work has shown that the equivalent heat exchanger effectiveness, ε, is only expected to be 0.2 but this is offset by the limited weight gain and potentially simpler integration into a flight worthy system. A system to transfer the heat between blade rows is required and a heat pipe or heat pipe loop is proposed. The method is applied to a representative engine where the decreased compressor and increased bypass flow thrust is shown to improve the specific fuel consumption by 2.99% for the static thrust case and 9.34% at cruise conditions.","PeriodicalId":217779,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128344275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and Economic Assessment of Mechanically Integrated Parallel Hybrid Aircraft","authors":"Thibault Carpentier, Jinning Zhang, A. V. van Heerden, I. Roumeliotis","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-81939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81939","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, a selection of environmental and economic considerations of mechanically integrated parallel hybrid (MIPH) electric propulsion systems for single-aisle civil transport aircraft are assessed. The environmental assessment focuses on the carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions with different power management strategies and levels of battery technology. In the economic study, the potential subsidies and tax incentives required to make these aircraft financially viable are determined. To capture the performance results, models of the propulsion systems and airframe were constructed using the Siemens Simcenter Amesim systems modelling software. The operating cost was then computed using adapted direct operating cost estimation methods. Battery replacement was incorporated by using a battery cycle aging model. The results showed that using a battery energy density of 300 Wh/kg will not provide any meaningful benefits. For 600 Wh/kg, fuel savings of up to 3% for missions below 650 nm could be obtained for a PMS where the electrical powertrain operates during takeoff, climb, and cruise. However, the NOx emissions were lowest for the takeoff and climb only PMS, implying a trade-off when selecting a PMS. Based on the cost results, it is determined that taxation on carbon emissions would have to increase at least 50-fold from its current levels for the most optimistic scenarios. Alternatively, considerable subsidies, representing large percentages of the purchase price of the aircraft, will be needed.","PeriodicalId":217779,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130961946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a Baseline Integrated Energy System to Decarbonise Geographical Islands","authors":"M. Mansouri, H. Madi, P. Breuhaus","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82918","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Achieving strict decarbonisation targets, while providing a safe, reliable, and affordable supply of energy on geographical islands is more complex than in mainland locations. Contrary to the mainland, where grid support and energy exchange with other regions are possible because of integration into large energy grids, the situation for geographical islands is different. Islands often have either no or limited connection to neighbouring ones or to the mainland resulting in a relatively costly energy supply and less opportunities for services such as balancing or backup to overcome the challenges that fluctuating renewables can cause. This can be tackled by development of highly flexible energy systems integrating various available renewable energy sources, multiple prime movers, and necessary energy storage and transportation infrastructure.\u0000 A currently ongoing ROBINSON project aims at contributing to decarbonise geographical islands by developing and installing a demonstrator of an integrated energy system on the island of Eigerøy in the southwest coast of Norway. As part of the ROBINSON project, this paper presents a brief overview of the project and its objectives, the baseline configuration of the integrated energy system and its energy fluxes that will be demonstrated on the island of Eigerøy in Norway. Even though the project is still in an early stage of implementation, this paper describes possible challenges and resulting requirements of different sub-systems including a gas turbine based combined heat and power unit within a highly integrated energy system.","PeriodicalId":217779,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121166755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Power Systems: Grid Stability Through Spinning Reserve","authors":"G. Singh","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-83419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-83419","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As the variable energy sources become predominant in the energy mix, power system stability and resiliency have become the topics of prime research. Grid connected or island systems face similar challenges for multiple applications like frequency control, economic dispatch, peak shaving, black start or spinning reserve. Grid stability is interlinked with grid inertia and the reaction time of an electrical power network. We have studied an islanded microgrid application consisting of BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) and Gas Turbine Generator (GTG) system used for spinning reserve application. In this paper we present integrated architecture of Hybrid Power System and determine the control algorithm for such operation. We ascertain the response time for the power system, ensuring there is enough spinning reserve available on the grid for smooth operation of the plant. Later these results are verified through theoretical framework of Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) and physical testing in Hardware in-the-Loop simulation (HIL).","PeriodicalId":217779,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121697666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual Study of Thermally Coupled Micro Gas Turbines and High Temperature Heat Pumps for Trigeneration","authors":"Jens Gollasch, Eleni Agelidou, M. Henke, P. Stathopoulos","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-81959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81959","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the context of climate change low-emission technologies need to be developed to cover the high thermal energy demand of the industrial sector. Because of the ongoing transition to renewable energy sources and their limited availability, combustion-based technologies will be required to support this transition. This paper presents fundamental, application-independent conceptual studies of thermally coupled micro gas turbines (MGT) and high temperature heat pumps (HTHP). The MGT provides electrical power to drive the compressor of the heat pump, while the heat of the exhaust flow is used as a heat source. This self-sufficient system is expected to provide high thermal output at temperature levels beyond available heat pump technology. In addition, low temperatures can be achieved for cooling processes. Within the scope of this study, several process architectures with different integration of heat sources are analyzed by performing thermodynamic cycle simulations. The results demonstrate attainable temperature levels and it can be shown that heat can be provided at temperatures above 300 °C. Cooling processes can be effectively integrated in some of the investigated cycle configurations so that temperatures below −30 °C can be reached. Thermal coupling enables high utilization rates of primary energy and values over 100% are possible. The present work provides the basis for future studies, which will take the economic feasibility in comparison with competing technologies into consideration.","PeriodicalId":217779,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122613758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Dynamic Model for Simulating the Transient Behaviour of a Solar-Powered Micro Gas Turbine","authors":"S. Shamekhi Amiri, J. Al-Zaili, A. Sayma","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-79059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-79059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The combination of small micro gas turbines with solar dish concentrators (CSP-MGT) benefits from the high-power density and reliability. Intrinsically, the intermittent solar irradiation leads to transient operation. The main aim of this paper is to present the development of a dynamic model that can evaluate the transient behaviour of the CSP-MGT system during start-up and shut-down phase. The model can be further used to design the system controller and to predict the dynamic performance of the system. A mathematical dynamic model was developed, which comprises of several subsystems that are representative of CSP-MGT components and thermodynamic relationships between them. The compressor and turbine operating points are determined from associated performance maps previously calculated using computational fluid dynamics. A Proportional-Integral controller was adopted for controlling the shaft speed of the system to follow a predefined speed schedule. The model has been validated using experimental data. The developed dynamic model can be used for further studies, including finding start-up power consumption and analysis of transient behaviour of CSP-MGT systems in response to Direct nominal irradiation (DNI) changes.","PeriodicalId":217779,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121884526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LNG Regasification Plants Integrated With Low- and High-Temperature Organic Rankine Cycles","authors":"Vittorio Tola, Eliana Delogu, Matthias Finkenrath","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-80844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-80844","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The use of natural gas has continuously increased and reached 24.7% of the worldwide primary energy supply in 2020. The same trend applies to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), which contributed to 52% of overall natural gas trades in the same year. In this context, the recovery of the cold energy available at LNG receiving terminals during the process of regasification is of a critical importance.\u0000 This paper addresses the integration of the regasification process with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in order to exploit the available LNG cold energy, by condensing the organic fluid. In addition, a gas turbine exploits differences between regasification and distribution pressures. The analysis covers different organic fluids and two ORC heating source configurations: a) a low-temperature one, using seawater, and b) a high-temperature one, using exhaust gas. In addition, the integration of a natural gas-fired topping gas turbine, which uses the LNG cold energy by compressor inlet air cooling, was simulated. The performance of a medium size regasification terminal (50 kg/s) was evaluated as a function of both the regasification and the natural gas distribution pressures.\u0000 Dedicated models have been developed using Aspen Plus software to simulate the regasification process and the integrated topping cycles (Organic Rankine and Brayton), and their mutual energy integrations.\u0000 The analysis shows that ORC power outputs from 2 MW up to 4.5 MW in case a) and from 6 MW up to 9 MW in case b) can be reached. The topping gas turbine benefits from the inlet air cooling and can add a power output of 35 MW to 40 MW. R125 was the best working fluid for a low-temperature ORC, while R600a showed the best performance for a high-temperature application.","PeriodicalId":217779,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage","volume":"747 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132229871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Temperature Heat Pump Cascade Systems With Water (R718) as Refrigerant","authors":"R. Hegner, O. Abu Khass, C. Moller, P. Stathopoulos","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82920","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The heat demand of industrial processes is still mostly covered by fossil fuels, especially at temperatures above 160°C. The installation of high temperature heat pumps (HTHP) that can operate at these temperatures is an effective way to reduce industrial CO2-emissions and primary energy consumption. Water can be an attractive refrigerant due to its high critical point and environmental sustainability. However, using water as refrigerant also requires a waste heat source of high temperature, since any heat source below 100°C would result in sub-atmospheric evaporation, leading to more expensive equipment. If low temperature heat sources or even ambient heat should be utilized, the HTHP would consist of two coupled heat pumps, a cascade system. In this theoretical study a cascade high temperature heat pump process is presented and simulated operating with water and R1336mzz(Z)e. The heat pump consists of multiple compression stages with intercooling in order to increase the COP. Heat sink temperatures of up to 250°C were investigated and an optimal process design was identified for several heat sink and -source temperatures. The calculated COPs ranged from 1.5 under challenging conditions to up to 2.2 at moderate temperature lifts. The crucial evaporation pressure of the water heat pump has been close to one bar for most of the studies, so the installation of vacuum equipment could be avoided.","PeriodicalId":217779,"journal":{"name":"Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117316430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}