South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Coliform Bacteria Profile of the Surface of Raw Salad Vegetables Sold in Open Markets in Owerri Metropolis, South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"E. Chinakwe, N. U. Nwogwugwu, G. Ajugwo, M. C. Madumere, J. Ngumah, E. Mike-Anosike, R. Nnadozie, J. Iwuji","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i230293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i230293","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of fresh vegetables has great health benefits. However, this has been linked to several food borne infections and disease outbreaks in the past because some of these vegetables have been identified as agents in the transmission of human food pathogens. This study examined the coliform bacteria profile of raw salad vegetables sold in open markets in Owerri metropolis, South Eastern Nigeria. The samples of different raw salad vegetables (cabbage, cucumber, carrot and tomatoes) bought from different vendors in open markets were examined for the presence of coliform bacteria. Surface wash water of samples were used for the enumeration of total and fecal coliforms. The results from the study showed that all the samples harboured coliform bacteria with the cabbage recording the highest coliform count (CA3= 2.8 x 107cfu/g on MacConkey agar) while the highest E. coli count occurred in tomato (TO3=2.7 x 106cfu/g on EMB agar); carrot (CB3= 2.6 x 104cfu/g on MacConkey agar)and cucumber (CU2= 3.9 x 102cfu/g on EMB agar) recorded the lowest coliform and E. coli counts respectively. The percentage prevalence of the isolates on the samples were Enterobacter species (83.3%), Escherichia coli (66.6%) and Klebsiella species (33.3%).The counts were obviously above the coliform acceptable limit (<100cfu/g) for salad vegetables. This suggests that salad vegetables used in this study are of public health concern because, they harbour microorganisms that could be hazardous to human health. Positive detection of coliforms (especially, E. coli) is an effective confirmation of fecal contamination, hence good hygiene measures should be observed throughout the processing chain and consumers should also practice appropriate hygiene during the preparation of salad vegetables for consumption. This will eventually help in reducing the microbial contents of the vegetables before consumption.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76899909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activities of Datura stramonium Extracts against Clinical Pathogens","authors":"A. Odeleye, J. O. Obameso","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i230292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i230292","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extracts of D. Stramonium pulp, seed and leaf against some medically important pathogenic microorganisms were studied. \u0000Methodology: The antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extracts of D. Stramonium pulp, seed and leaf were assessed on Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria). \u0000Results: The highest percentage recovery at 50% ethanolic extract of leaf was 5.6±0.1 and lowest in Pulp with 3.9±0.1. The 50% ethanolic extracts showed significant activities against tested pathogens more than the 75% ethanolic extracts which, may be due to the effect of heat generated by water bath during extraction process. The plant extracts exerted highest zones of inhibition in pulp and seed extracts against P. aeruginosa with 21±1.0 and 17±2.0 respectively and least in K. pneumoniae with 10±0.5 from seed extract. The antimicrobial activities observed in this study were due to the presence of certain phytochemials that have bactericidal or inhibitory effects on  test organisms. These phytochemicals include  alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, phenol and glycosides. \u0000Conclusion: D. stramonium extracts revealed very promising results with health-promoting potentials that could be applied in the treatment of ailments caused by these pathogens.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84557322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriological Quality of Money from the Cash Registers of Banks and Markets in the Port Harcourt Metropolis and Bacterial Susceptibility to Antibiotics","authors":"N. Onyenwe, J. O. Williams, C. Ugboma","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i230291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i230291","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial contamination of money acts as vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic and drug resistant organisms. This study was carried out to investigate the bacteriological quality and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of money bank cash-points and markets in Port Harcourt metropolis. Two hundred and eighty-eight (288) naira notes belonging to the following denominations, N5, N10, N20, N50, N100, N200, N500 and N1000 were collected for three months from banks and markets and subjected to standard microbiological procedures such as standard plate counts, identification, sensitivity testing using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Total heterotrophic bacterial count (THB) ranged from 0.6±0.00x106 to 12.80±9.19x106cfu/g; 0.65±0.21x106 to 13.05±9.55x106cfu/g; 0.65±0.20x106 to 8.05±2.48x106Cfu/g in N5 and N100 from Access Bank (AB), United Bank of Africa (UBA) and Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB), respectively. There was a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the THB between the different naira notes. Total coliform count (TCC) ranged from 0.00 x104 to 56.90±28.43x104Cfu/g; 0.00 x104 to 61.90±35.49x104Cfu/g; 0.00x104 to 17.75±12.79x104Cfu/g in N5, and N100 for AB, UBA and GTB respectively. THB ranged from 2.69±1.55x106 to 9.95±3.22x106cfu/g; 3.00±1.69x106 to 12.30±9.89x106cfu/g; 3.30±1.82x106 to 17.30±6.97x106cfu/g in N1000, N10 and N100 naira for Mile 1, Mile 3 and Creek road markets respectively. There was a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the THB between the different naira notes sampled in both Banks and markets. TCC ranged from 0.77±0.28x104 to 45.59±10.18x104Cfu/g; 0.78±0.88x104 to 40.59±3.11x104Cfu/g; 1.45±0.07x104 to 55.60±10.18x104Cfu/g in N1000 and N100 Mile 1, Mile 3 and Creek road market respectively. Faecal coliform count ranged from 0.00x103 to 1.53±0.15x103Cfu/g for only mile 1 market. There was a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the total and faecal coliform counts between the different naira notes sampled in Banks and markets. The bacterial isolates identified were; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus and Serratia marcesens. Twenty-one (21) bacteria were isolated from Banks and Markets. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus leteus, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcesens were significantly high in N100 (41.67%) (66.67%), (100%), (100%) respectively. Staphylococcus spp was susceptible to Gentamicin (33.3%), Bacillus spp to Ofloxacin (100%), Micrococcus spp to Ofloxacin and Gentamicin (100%), Serratia spp and Escherichia coli were susceptible to Ofloxacin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin (100%) and they were all resistant to Ceftazidime, Cefixime, Cloxacillin, Augmentin, Cefuroxime and Ceftriaxone (100%)> Erythromycin and Gentamicin (75%). Hundred-percent (100%) of the bacterial isolates had multidrug resistance index greater than 0.2. Public awareness on personal hygiene should be encouraged while drug abuse should be discouraged.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86122884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from Soil within Rivers State University, Nigeria","authors":"C. Chilaka, Nedie Patience Akani, T. Sampson","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i130289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i130289","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance has become a subject of global concern to health systems all over the world and the shedding of antibiotic resistant bacteria from humans and animals into the soil is a threat to public health. This research was carried out to molecularly characterize and assess antibiotic resistant bacteria from soil in Rivers State University. Bacteria from soil in four locations; waste dump site, fish farm, poultry farm and home soil were enumerated and identified using standard microbiological techniques such as serial dilution, plating and incubation, isolation, biochemical testing and molecular identification. Sensitivity testing on the bacterial isolates was done using Kirby-Bauer Disk diffusion method. These resistant isolates were also subjected to molecular testing to ascertain the presence of resistant genes. The results revealed mean total Heterotrophic Bacterial Counts (THBC) for 32 samples ranged from 1.05±0.72 x 107 to 3.63±2.58x 107 CFU/g in fish farm and waste dump samples respectively. Total Coliform Counts (TCC) ranged from 3.65±2.91 x105 to 6.92±4.41 x105 CFU/g in Fish farm and Waste dump samples while Total Staphylococcal count ranged from 3.80±1.71 x104 to 11.46±9.21 x104 CFU/g in Fish farm and Waste dump samples respectively. Total Pseudomonad Count (TPC) ranged from 0.09±0.09 x 103 to 2.47±1.67x 103 CFU/g in Home soil and Fish farm samples. There was a difference (p≤0.05) in total heterotrophic bacterial, Staphylococcal and Pseudomonad counts, but no difference (p≥0.05) in total coliform. Seventy-nine (79) bacterial isolates were identified in this study belonging to the following genera; Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Serratia spp, Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp and Escherichia spp with Staphylococcus (58.83%) having the highest occurrence and Pseudomonas (11.11%) had the least occurrence from the samples. Antibiotic sensitivity revealed that most isolates were resistant to many antibiotics tested with the highest resistance observed for Cefuroxime, Ceftazidime and Cefixime (100%) for the gram negative organisms and also Cefuroxime, Ceftazidime and Cloxacillin for gram positive bacteria. However, all bacteria showed sensitivity to gentamicin. Multiple Antibiotic resistance (MAR) index for all bacteria were above 0.2. Resistant bacterial isolates were identified molecularly as S. aureus, S. sciuri, M. luteus, B. cereus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, S. mercescens, P. vulgaris, E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia mercescens, Proteus vulgaris and E. coli had CTX-M gene present in their genome while Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis had the mecA gene present in their genome. This study has highlighted the rise in antibiotic resistance in bacteria from soil, hence, there is need to checkmate indiscriminate use of antibiotics in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89980606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteria Associated with Students’ Mobile Phones-Caritas University, Enugu State","authors":"C. C. Ezemba, P. Oli, S. Kehinde, A. Ezemba, C. C. Ezejiofor, E. Amadi","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i130287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i130287","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms are ubiquitous, they are found everywhere. Mobile phones are not an exception. Mobile phones, also referred to as palmtops act as fomites, a source  of infection because the palms used to handle mobile phones are often times in contact with surfaces which may have been pre-infected; nevertheless, their potential role in transmission of infections is of great concern. A cross-sectional study (male and female) was done from June to August 2018 at Caritas University, Amorji-Nike, Enugu State, in order to investigate the prevalence of bacterial contamination of mobile phones of students. Swab samples were collected from 50 mobile phones of Caritas University students. These were tested for bacterial contamination in the Microbiology laboratory. Quantification of bacteria was performed using standard streak plate technique. Isolated bacteria were identified using standard microbiological methods which include: cultural and morphological characterization and biochemical test. Antimicrobial susceptibility was also done. The microorganism isolated from students’ mobile phones and their percentage frequency of occurrence were: E. coli (31.9%), S. aureus (40.4%), P. aeruginosa (8.5%), K. pneumonia (4.3%) and Streptococcus sp. (14.9%). The result showed that Staphylococcus sp. has the highest percentage of occurrence. The antibiotic sensitivity test indicated the varied resistance of isolated bacteria to antibiotics used in this study, although most isolated bacteria were sensitive to erythromycin and chloramphenicol except the isolates of E. coli which were the most resistant to the antibiotics used. The high prevalence of bacterial agents isolated from students’ mobile phones was attributed to poor hygiene and sanitary practices. It is recommended that students should wash their hands after using mobile phones, before eating or undertaking any venture requiring sepsis.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86730378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching Microbiology- Online and Offline Challenges during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. C. Radu, C. Matei, Delia Bodea, A. Dumitrescu, L. Manolescu","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v12i430285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v12i430285","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus pandemic has caused a general crisis, affecting several sectors of the society, sectors that were not exactly ready to deal with critical situations. This is also the case with education, which was faced a huge challenge: digital, online teaching teaching. \u0000Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of online microbiology course with a traditional course, taught by the same professors, the students involved are in the first three years of study at the Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, in the University of Medicine and Pharmacy \"Carol Davila\" from Bucharest. \u0000Methods: The period of our study was of two years, 2019-2021. The first year had digital classes and the second had face to face classes The study conducted a prospective study. It was used a 10-question questionnaire as a tool for assessing students' perceptions regarding the difficulty of online teaching with every aspect, such as homework’s, projects, presentations and online browsing. It was also compared the method of online and traditional education. \u0000Results: Almost half of our participants, 46.9% found the teaching files for the online lectures satisfactory and understandable while 51% of students considered easier to study online than face to face. Regarding face-to-face studying, 67.3% of the responders voted for the face-to-face teaching. Technical issues were reported by 47.2% when connecting or during online classes. \u0000Findings: This study will contribute to future research that investigates students' perceptions of microbiology courses and laboratories to ensure the development of a quality microbiology curriculum.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87166565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An In-silico Study Showing Potentials of Selected Anthocyanin Derivatives against Uropathogenic E. coli Adhesin Protein","authors":"Abhishek Chowdhury, M. Choudhury, M. A. Laskar","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v12i430282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v12i430282","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infections (UTI) caused primarily by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are indeed an extremely contagious disease that affects people all over the world. FimH is a major virulence component in UTI pathogenesis, and inhibiting FimH function can be an efficient means to disarm UPEC bacteria, as well as a crucial target in the development of non-antibiotic mediated UTI treatment options. The goal of this study was to identify anthocyanins in plant parts and assess \u0000their pharmacological characteristics. A computational methodology was used to predict the pharmacological characteristics of such substances. Compounds with pharmacophores comparable to those of known fimH inhibitors were chosen. Following that, additional research was carried out to assess their drug similarity, inhibitory potential, and IC50 values. Thus, the present study reports few novel fimH inhibitors derived from the selected plant’s phytochemicals, and is significant owing to their therapeutic implication as a non-antibiotic mediated therapy for UTI.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84914911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conducting Hormonal, Biochemical and Serological Tests in Autoimmune Thyroid Patients","authors":"Afraa Abdul-Sattar Albadrani, M. Altobje","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v12i430281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v12i430281","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most frequent autoimmune illnesses affecting the thyroid gland is immunological thyroid disease. Antibodies against the enzyme thyroglobulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors are produced by the immune system. Hashimoto's disease and Graves' disease are the two primary forms of autoimmune diseases. \u0000Methods: 91 blood samples were taken, including 71 for thyroid disease patients and 20 for healthy persons as control samples, from both sexes and of various ages. The tests were performed using a variety of methodologies. \u0000Results: Some of autoantibodies were found in varying quantities in 44 individuals. While TPO antibodies were found in 75% of 33 individuals, Anti-TG Ab was found in 72.72% of the patients, 15.90% in seven patients, and anti-TSHR Ab and antinuclear antibodies were found in 22.72% of the patients compared to the control samples. Any type of autoantibody, as well as the results of hormonal testing, revealed disease in a variety of individuals at varying rates. Because the patients were on therapy, the highest rate was 59.09% for thyroid-stimulating hormones. Chemical analyses revealed a sugar and fat imbalance with no discernible link. Interleukin 4 was detected in 4 individuals (9.09%), including one patient with autoimmune hypothyroidism (2.27%) and three patients in C3 18 with immunological hyperthyroidism (6.82%). The findings revealed an increase in complement molecule concentration in 40.90% of patients, including 15 patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism (34.09%) and 3 patients with immune thyroid gland C3 hyperactivity (6.71%). The statistical study revealed a P < 0.01 level of significance correlation between the presence of sugar and triglycerides and the complement molecule. Interleukin 4 and antibodies to receptors have a substantial correlation at the P < 0.01TSHR Ab level TSH. \u0000Conclusions: The C3 gland patients for thyroid peroxidase had the largest amount of antibodies, lipids, and sugar, according to the study. Interleukin-4 occurred in certain individuals who had antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors, according to the research.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84869280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Bacterial Contaminants and Nutritional Profiles of Mung Bean Sprouts (Vigna radiate L)","authors":"M. Z. Abedin, P. Karmaker, Mala Khan, R. Shilpi","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v12i330275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v12i330275","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aerobic bacteria were found as contaminants in mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiate L). They are also well-known for their excellent nutritional value as well as their ease of digestion. They are rich in calories, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, protein, macronutrients, and vitamins. \u0000Aim: To evaluate bacterial isolates and parameters of nutritional content of native mung bean sprouts and finally to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates to decide which antimicrobial agent should be utilized against certain bacterial strains. \u0000Methodology: Total viable bacterial isolates were enumerated by the spread plate method, and bacterial species were determined from the selected culture media with biochemical analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were performed by the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method and minimum inhibitory concentrations were measured using the VITEK®-2 Compact system. The nutritional composition of the sprouts was assessed using procedures suggested by the AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). \u0000Results: The contaminated bacterial levels were relatively lower and the higher level of total aerobic plate counts was 7.60 log10 CFU/g and 8.46 log10 CFU/g, respectively. In this study, 20 (40.8%) of mung bean sprout bacteria were lactose fermenters, such as E. cloacae complex 9 (18.4%), E. coli 8 (16.3%), and K. pneumonie 3 (6.1%), which fermented lactose to produce acidic environments that appeared as pink colonies, and 15 (30.6%) of non-lactose fermenters, namely A. baumannii 7 (14.43%) and P. aeruginosa 8 (16.3%), produced normally colorless colonies, but the rest of 14 (28.6%) were late lactose fomenters of S. marcescens grown in red-pigmented colonies in culture media. Thirteen commercially available antibiotics were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates. Eighteen nutritional parameters were evaluated for both raw and dry sprouts. \u0000Conclusion: Mung bean sprouts have numerous health benefits. Because of the high number of outbreaks associated with the presence of hazardous organisms, strict safety standards must be followed.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74778117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second-Line Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Patients in Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"Goodluck Silas","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v12i330274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v12i330274","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the second-line drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. \u0000Study Design:  A cross sectional study was carried out in this research. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) Centers across Bayelsa State, between March 2020 and November 2021. \u0000Methodology: Ethical approval was obtained from Bayelsa State Ministry of Health, Yenagoa, Nigeria. Informations such as age, sex and residential address was obtained with the help of a questionnaire. A total of 100 sputum sample was collected from 100 patients across all the Local Government Areas. Sputum sample decontamination and homogenization was done using the Sodium Hydroxide/N- Acetyl -L- Cysteine Citrate Solution. Sputum samples were cultured on solid Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) Media. All growths on LJ media were confirmed with Ziehl Neelsen staining and Standard Bioline antigen test. Drug susceptibility test was carried out after bacterial DNA was extracted and amplified using Line Probe Assay (MTBDRplus assay ver 2). \u0000Results: Out of 100 patients, 15 had confirmed growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All isolate had no form of mutation on gyr gene, meaning 100% of isolates were susceptibility to flouroquinolones. There were also no mutation detected on rrs gene therefore all strains are also susceptible to Kanamycin, Amikasin and capreomycin. Out of the 15 isolates 14 had no mutation on the eis gene while 1% had mutation of WT2 and MUT1. \u0000Conclusion: A good percentage of the isolates are susceptible to second line drugs, therefore cases of extensive drug resistance is not common in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79420407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}