South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Salmonella in Sea Foods and Its Resistance to Drugs","authors":"A. Akintola","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i2270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i2270","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella are non-spore forming, predominantly motile enterobacteria with peritrichous flagella (all around the cell body). They are intracellular pathogens causing illness. They usually invade only the gastrointestinal tract and cause Salmonellosis. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated food or water.  Sea foods are mostly associated with Salmonella infections. This study therefore was carried out to isolate Salmonella and determine the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the Salmonella isolates from sea foods associated with food-borne diseases. These sea foods were obtained from three different selected markets within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State. A total of three (3) sea food samples were collected at random from each of the market. The samples were put through standard microbiological techniques. The result of total heterotrophic bacterial counts showed that Prawn from Mile 1 market had high count of 2.06x108 cfu/g while Crab from Creek Road market had the least count of 1.15x108 cfu/g. The result of total coliform count showed that Crab from Mile 1 market had the highest count of 2.86x106 cfu/g while Periwinkle from Creek Road market had the least count of 2.30x106 cfu/g. Also, the result of salmonella shigella count showed that Periwinkle from Mile 1 market had the least count of 0.76x105 cfu/g while Crab from Creek Road market had the highest count of 2.80x105 cfu/g. Characteristics of bacterial isolates from the sea foods showed that Proteus sp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. were present and identified from the samples. The result of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Salmonella isolates showed that all the isolates were 100% susceptible to Tarivid, Peflacine, Septrine and Ciprofloxacin while they exhibited 100% intermediate sensitivity or resistance to the other antibiotics such as Ceporex, Nalidixic acid, Ampicillin, Gentamycin, Streptomycin, and Augmentin. The result of the multidrug resistance index of 3 (100%) of the 3 Salmonella isolates had a MAR index ≥ 0.2. The presence of these organisms in sea food could pose threat of food-borne infection as well as resistance to some commonly used antibiotics. Enforcement of existing laws associated with food storage, preparation and hygiene should be done in order to prevent or reduce these food-borne diseases such as salmonellosis.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88308784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm Production in Borehole Water Sources and their Susceptibility to Antibiotics and Antibiofilm Effect of Noni Foliar Extracts","authors":"Lawrence O Amadi, Faith T, Emeka, Grace I, Lekia","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i3273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i3273","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bacteria produce biofilm in a variety of systems; water, implant devices in humans and living tissues. They can be persistent and express virulent factors, increased resistance to antimicrobials and human immunity. Plant-based extracts have shown promising outcomes in inhibiting quorum sensing system and modulation of biofilm formation with lesser side effects. Thus, foliar extracts of Noni plant was the subject of such trial as an antibiofilm/antibacterial agent.  \u0000Objective: Investigate borehole water sources from three communities in Port Harcourt Local Government Area (PHALGA) for biofilm producers (BPs), antibiogram as well as antibiofilm effect of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) foliar extracts. \u0000Method: Microbiological protocols were adopted to isolate and identify bacteria whereas Congo red agar was used to detect biofilm producers (BPs). Antibiogram of BPs were done (with various antibiotics) as well as antibiofilm/antibacterial effect of Noni foliar extracts. \u0000Results: Bioassays detected the biofilm producers (BPs) as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus and Serratia species. The bioburden were 55.0±2.5CFU/mL and 51.0±0.2CFU/mL for total heterotrophic bacteria and coliform counts from Ọbaziolu and Rumuelechi communities respectively.  Rumuelechi borehole water had the highest percentage relative abundance of S. aureus (80%) and  Bacillus (66.7%) whereas Ọbaziolu had Serratia (66.7%) and negative/zero for S. aureus and Ọrora had the least of all the isolated BPs. Antibiogram data revealed that all the BPs were 100% resistant to Cloxacillin and Cotrimoxazole but showed high rate of varying susceptibility to other antimicrobials; S. aureus depicted (100%) susceptibility to Gentamicin and Streptomycin; Bacillus to Tetracycline; Serratia to Augmentin and K. pneumoniae to Gentamicin. All the BPs showed multidrug resistance (MDR) with Serratia and K. pneumoniae being resistant to 6 and Bacillus and S. aureus 5-antibiotics respectively. Furthermore, susceptibility test on these BPs indicated that inhibitory activity of Noni foliar extracts were concentration-dependent. At a concentration of 3000mg/mL methanolic extract (MtE) showed the largest inhibition zone of 20.00mm against B. subtilis and aqueous extract (AqE) 15.00mm on Serratia species and such phenomenon is indicative of broad spectrum activity. Chloramphenicol (control) had the overall largest inhibition zones on the BPs except on B. subtilis. The susceptibility of these crude phytocompounds to BPs promises to be a novel and an alternative natural agent to synthetic antibiofilm products. \u0000Conclusion: Biofilm producers were detected in borehole water supply in three communities in Port Harcourt Local Government Area. The predominant BPs were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus and Serratia species. The BPs showed multi-antibiotic resistance with the Gram negative bacteria being resistant to more drug-types. Crude phytocompounds of Noni foliar extracts demonstrated br","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81827777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteria Associated with Skin Piercing Equipment and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Port Harcourt Metropolis","authors":"S. Ogbonna, P. N. Barika, C. Ugboma, I. J. Ibokene","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i3271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i3271","url":null,"abstract":"Skin Piercing is becoming rampant among adolescent in our contemporary society without considering its health implication and the risk of pathogenic microorganisms associated with equipment used. Hence, this research is carried out to determine the bacteria associated with this skin piercing equipment and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Port Harcourt metropolis. A total of thirty (30) skin piercing equipment were swab using sterile swab sticks and samples subjected to standard microbiological technique as well as standard plate count, culturing, identification and antibiotic susceptibility pattern using Kirby Bauer Disk diffusion method.  The distributed questionnaires showed that the percentage of female (79.56%) involved in skin piercing is more than the males (20.44%). The total heterotrophic bacteria count ranged from 4.75±0.03×103 CFU/ml to 6.31±0.23×104 CFU/ml in RSU back gate and PH Victoria Street respectively. The total Staphylococcal count ranged from 1.90±0.01×102 CFU/ml to 4.31±0.03×102 CFU/ml in RSU back gate and PH Victoria Street respectively. A total of Seventeen (17) bacteria isolates were identified belonging to the following genera; Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Clostridium spp. The prevalence of the bacteria indicated that Staphylococcus had the highest occurrence (26%), followed closely by Pseudomonas spp (19%), and Clostridium spp (11.7%) had the least prevalence across the locations. The Antimicrobial sensitivity testing results shows that Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Clostridium spp are more susceptible to Erythromycin, Gentamicin and Ofloxacin (100%) and resistant to Augmentin, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime and Ceftriaxone (100%) Pseudomonas spp was Susceptible to Gentamicin, Nitrofurantoin and Ciprofloxacin (100%) and resistant to Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime and Augmentin (100%). These bacteria isolated are mostly pathogenic and may result in an increase in health complication as a result of non-hygienic protocol employed during using this skin piercing equipment. Professionals should enlighten and give advisory comment to adolescent about the risks involved in skin piercing practices.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91484574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Incidence of Multirsistance Kocuria spp. among Different Clinical Samples in Erbil City, Iraq","authors":"Fattma A. Ali, A. A. Al-Daood, Padasht Kamil Burhan, Lava Rasul Tofiq, Payam Samir Shakur","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i3274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i3274","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gram positive Kocuria spp. are a part of normal of the skin and oropharynx commensals in mammals but also described as opportunistic pathogens in human infections including urinary tract infection, pneumonia, wound infection, Ear infection, bronchial infection and also peritonitis and brain abscess, isolated from different clinical specimens increasing resistance to some antibiotics all over the world by distribution between patient with high morbidity and mortality rates. \u0000Objective: Our study aimed to carry out retrospective study on Kocuria spp. isolated from various clinical samples in Erbil city and analyzed its epidemiology, antibiotic resistance pattern and pathogenic potential. \u0000Methods: A total of thirty Kocuria spp. isolated distributed according to their source of isolation such as blood, wound, CSF,  ear swab, throat swab, ascetic fluid and bronchial wash isolated and identified by using microscopical, morphological, biochemical tests and  API and Vitek 2 compact system. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by manually by using 8 antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Nitrofurantion, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Cifixime, Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (2:1)). Phenotypic screening of ESBLs was undertaken using Vitek 2 compact system. \u0000Results: Out of 4399 samples, 30 samples were tested positive for Kocuria spp., the highest percentage of  Kocuria spp. In female 20(0.76%) was higher than those in male patients 10(0.57%) Results showed that 30 isolates of Kocuria distributed as (13) isolates were indicated as Kocuria kristinae, (5) Kocuria varians, and (6) Kocuria rosea Kocuria spp.isolates showed high resistance  (43.3%) to  Cifixime, (30%) to Amoxicillin-Clavulanate 2:1, (26.7%) to Amikacin, (20%) to Nitrofurantion  and (13.3%) to both Gentamicin and Cefotaxime. Kocuria spp. was surprisingly (100%) sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone with all the 30 samples that we had. Relation between bacteria species and gender, all species showed higher number in female than male.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76487983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact the Antibiotic Resistance for Staphylococcus aureus in Hospitalized Cancer Patients in Erbil Governate, Iraq","authors":"Fattma A. Ali, Hanan Aziz Sabah, Noor Abdulrahman Khalis, Payraw Rzgar Hussien, Sara Muhanad Ghanim","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i3272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i3272","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infection is a continuous problem in cancer patient especially in developing countries. Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is among the most frequent complication in immunocompromised cancer patients and poses the greatest risk to immunocompromised cancer patients. \u0000Objectives: Our study aimed to carry out a study on isolated Staphylococcus aureus from various clinical samples among cancer patients in Erbil city and analyze its epidemiology and antibiotics susceptibility pattern tests and multi-drug resistance. \u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 865 from 2016 until 2020 were isolated Staphylococcus aureus from 6 clinical samples (Urine, Sputum, Wound swab, Nasal swab, Bloodand, Stool) from patient attending Nanakaly Hospital and from both males and females. Only 100 cases had been identified as isolates of S. aureus which was identified by using macroscopical, microscopical, biochemical tests and Vitek 2 compact system. Also antibiotic susceptibility test were performed by Vitek 2 compact on 19 antibiotics. \u0000Results: Only 100 S. aureus isolates were isolated from 865 samples distributed according to their source of isolation in the cancer patient, urinary tract infection is the most our specimen followed by wound infection, respiratory tract infection, blood infection and gastrointestinal infection. Breast cancer is the most common in our study followed by Colon cancer and Multiple myeloma, with  the percentage of females infected with S. aureus more than the males, with  females being 74/865(8.5%) and males being 28/865(3.2%), after 2016 infections by S. aureus was increased in young and middle-aged people being 52/100(52%) in total, from 2016-2020 S. aureus infected patients with breast cancer was 47/100(47%), colon was 27/100(27%) and multiple myeloma was 26/100(26%). Although (Aztreoman, Ertapenem, Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid) can be considered effective for MDR strains for empirical antibiotic therapy in cancer patients. S. aureus isolates had resistance to more than six antibiotics. \u0000Conclusions: The study findings showed a significant distribution of MDR S. aureus which may increase the burden of healthcare-associated infections in cancer patients. Moreover, mechanisms of resistance should also be investigated for better characterization of the multi-drug resistance of S. aureus isolates.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80238980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization and Plasmid Curing of Multidrug Resistant Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Isolated from Some Fecal and Water Samples in Port Harcourt Metropolis","authors":"S. Wemedo, Nedie Patience Akani, A. Akintola","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i2268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i2268","url":null,"abstract":"Public health is at risk due to the fact that enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is becoming resistant to most antibiotics that demonstrates widespread misuse of antibiotics. The study was aimed at molecularly identify and perform plasmid curing with extracts of Morinda citrifolia (MC) and Xylopia aethiopica (XA) on multidrug resistant EHEC isolates that are obtained from some fecal and water samples in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. After isolation of E. coli, eleven (11) E. coli isolates were identified as EHEC. The Molecular Identification of seven (7) most resistant isolates using PCR confirmed 100% EHEC isolates. Of the 7 resistant EHEC isolates, the AmpC Gene and blaTEM Gene were detected in 71.4% and 42.9% respectively. Results of plasmid curing test revealed that the extracts of Xylopia aethiopica, Morinda citrifolia and Acridine Orange used as the control reduced the total percentage of multiple antibiotic resistant EHEC isolates from 35.61% to 10.61%, 18.18% and 16.67%, respectively. The extracts had the ability to cure plasmids, with X. aethiopica extract being the most successful against resistant EHEC isolates. In conclusion, this investigation revealed the genetic makeup of EHEC strains, detected their resistance genes and demonstrated the curing of the plasmids of resistant EHEC isolates found in fecal and water samples from the study area, both of which constitute a serious risk to public health.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78112119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Clinical Isolate of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Rebecca Chinenye Ogba, Peace Oluchi Akpu, A. C. Nwuzo, I. Peter, Onyinye Lovette Nomeh, I. Iroha","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i2267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i2267","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are among the top tier of the list of antibiotic-resistant priority pathogens that pose the greatest threat to human health. In recent years, the rate of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has increased worldwide and has become of great concern since it significantly restricts the therapeutic options for patients. Therefore this study was undertaken to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the clinical isolate of Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. \u0000Methodology: A total of five hundred (500) clinical samples were collected from patient’s attending Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State (AFEUTHA). The collected samples were analyzed for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using standard microbiological techniques for isolation and characterization of bacteria. Further strain confirmation was performed using VITEK 2 System. Phenotypic detection of Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was performed using Modified Hodge testing. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by employing Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the results were interpreted using the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) zone diameter breakpoints. \u0000Results: The occurrence rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical samples accounted for 119(23.8%) consisting of a high proportion from urine sample 81(27.4%) followed by wound swabs 13(25.5%), high vaginal swabs 17(20.7) while the least occurrence rate was observed against catheter tips 5(12.8%) and sputum 3(9.4%). Modified Hodge testing revealed 31(6.2%) carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa comprising of high proportion of 24(8.1%) from urine samples followed by wound swab 5(9.8%) while Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was absent in High Vaginal Swab recording 0(0.0%). Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were highly resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic 100%, colistin 100%, tetracycline 100%, nitrofurantoin 70.8%, aztreonam 87.5% but were susceptible to nalixidic acid 50.0 %, ofloxacin 75.0%, and ciprofloxacin 100%. \u0000Conclusion: As in-vitro susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin is known, their judicious utilization will accelerate a significant improvement in the patient's condition. As such, there is a substantial need for the evaluation of a wide spectrum and new therapies in different classes to counteract this imminent crisis of resistance among Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77385106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Activities of Allium sativum on Microorganisms Isolated from Spoilt Tomatoes Sold in Awka Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Johnson, Ejimofor, Chiamaka Frances, Afam-Ezeaku, Chikaodili Eziamaka, N. Enoch, Mbaukwu, Onyinye Ann, Onuzulike, Mariagoretti Chinecherem","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i2266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i2266","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato is a universally consumed vegetable crop. Its spoilage involves changes in which they become less palatable, less attractive to the eyes or even toxic to consumers. These changes may be accompanied by alterations in taste, smell, appearance or texture. The aim of this study is to identify the spoilage pathogens of tomatoes and to ascertain the antimicrobial potential of garlic ethanol extract on the isolates. Spoilt tomato samples were purchased from three markets (Eke Awka, Nnamdi Azikiwe temporary site (Temp. site) and Amenyi) in Awka, Anambra State. They were transported Alpha Laboratory, Awka in a sterile polythene bags for microbial isolation and analysis. The media used for the isolation were Nutrient Agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, both were placed into a conical flask autoclaved at 121ºC at 15psi for 20 minutes and the plates were incubated at room temperature. The bacteria isolated from the tomato fruits were: Pseudomonas sp, Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp and Escherichia coli while the fungi isolates were Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp and Mucor sp. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol garlic extract against these microorganisms isolated from spoilt tomatoes were determined using disc method. Three different concentrations (25%, 50%, 100%) of ethanol garlic extract were used to test for the antimicrobial activity. The result showed that at different concentrations the ethanol garlic extract possess antimicrobial properties on the selected organisms apart from Pseudomonas sp and Penicillium sp where there was no zone of inhibition. The presence of these microorganisms is hazardous to health. Therefore, garlic extract could be used as a beneficial substitute of synthetic chemicals.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75445799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Vernonia amygdalina","authors":"Adamu Hassan Jarmai, Abdullahi Mohammed Sheikh, T. Onyiche, Harun Yunus, Mustapha Abba Aji, S. Umar","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i1263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i1263","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Crude methanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina was evaluated to determine its bioactive constituents, the antimicrobial properties, measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against some selected bacterial organisms. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The investigation was carried out at University of Maiduguri in Borno State, Nigeria. The herb obtained from Lake Chad Research Institute were identified and validated by the department of Forestry and wild life, Mohammet Lawan College of Agriculture (MOLCA) in Maiduguri, Borno State. \u0000Methodology: Crude methanolic leaf extraction of the plant, qualitative phytochemical screening, antimicrobial sensitivity against some disease-causing organisms, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were carried out. \u0000Results: Phytochemical screening of V. amygdalina leaves extract revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoid, carbohydrates and cardiac glycosides. The antimicrobial sensitivity shows P. aeruginosa, had the highest sensitivity with effect at all concentrations (26 mm at 1000 mg/ml), the lowest against Salmonella typhi were 9 mm at 1000 mg/ml and 7 mm at 200 mg/ml, while the highest were 17 mm at 400 mg/ml and 14 mm at 200 mg/ml. When tested at all concentrations (200-1000 mg/ml), S. aureus, S. pyogenes, B. subtilis, Corynebacteria species, and K. pneumonia showed greater sensitivity than Salmonella typhi but less sensitivity to P. aeruginosa. Based on the outcomes of the MIC and MBC results, S. aureus was found to be sensitive to the extract at 100 and 200 mg/ml, while P. aeruginosa was found to have the highest sensitivity to the extract at all concentrations (25-200 mg/ml) with the exception of 12.5 mg/ml of the extract. \u0000Conclusion: The study highlighted the antimicrobial effects of V. amygdalina leave extracts on some pathogens thereby verifying the traditional healer’s claim.  Also, it was concluded that the extract of V. amygdalina contained pharmacologically active phytochemicals which could be responsible for the numerous medicinal properties exhibited by the plant leaf extract.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87914785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile of Mimosa pudica Leaf Extract and its Combination Treatment with Potassium Aluminum Sulphate on Some Bacteria","authors":"Nwekeala Chima, Lawrence O. Amadi, C. Ugboma","doi":"10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i1264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v14i1264","url":null,"abstract":"Mimosa pudica is a famous ornamental plant commonly known as sleeping grass, sensitive plant, humble plant, shy plant and touch-me not, among other names. The study was aimed at determining the antibacterial activity of Mimosa pudica extract in combination with alum. The plant was obtained, identified, prepared and extracted using both aqueous and methanolic medium. The extracts were reconstituted to final concentration of 250g/ml, 125g/ml, 62.5g/ml (w/v). The bacterial isolates identified were; Pseudomonas aeruginosa NC002516, Staphylococcus aureus FR821779 and Escherichia coli CP031892.1 obtained from wound source at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and maintained in stock culture and were further confirmed using biochemical and molecular methods. In-vitro bioactivity of various concentrations of the extracts and in combination with alum were evaluated by measuring diameter of inhibition zones. From the bioassay, the combinations of the aqueous extract and alum demonstrated the highest inhibitory potential; (26.00±0.00mm) at 250g/ml for Staphylococcus aureus FR821779 and the least antibacterial effect was recorded in the consortium extract for Staphylococcus aureus FR821779; (13.00±0.00mm) at same concentration compared with other bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). The result obtained showed that all the treatments and combination treatments recorded MIC at 0.50g/ml for all the bacteria studied.  The composition in percentage of the various phytochemicals were as follows: Flavanoid, 7.96±1.17%, Alkaloid, 9.85±0.21%, Saponin, 7.34±0.35% and Total-phenol, 1.63±0.00%. Alkaloids (9.85±0.21%) had the highest concentrations in the extracts while Total-phenol (1.63±0.00%) was the least in concentration.  This study has been able to ascertain the sensitivity profiles of Mimosa pudica leaf extracts and its combination treatment with potassium aluminium sulphate (Alum) on some microbes specifically S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa.","PeriodicalId":21776,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74602572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}