Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine最新文献

{"title":"Five Questions to Help Prompt End-of-Life Planning in Neuromuscular Disease.","authors":"Benjamin J Lipanot, Gabriel Bosslet","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787994","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1787994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with neuromuscular disease are living longer lives but continue to have significant and often unpredictable morbidity and mortality. End-of-life planning for these patients is thus an essential part of their medical care. This planning should include the following topics: health care surrogates, swallowing and nutrition, daytime respiratory support, and all aspects of when end of life is near. <i>Adult-onset</i> and <i>early-onset</i> diseases may require different approaches to these topics. All patients with neuromuscular disease will benefit from these discussions to best reach patient-centered goals. We present health care providers these five questions and explanations as a guide.</p>","PeriodicalId":21727,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Chronic Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure in the Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Mustafa H Ghanem, Won Lee, Bethany L Lussier","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788551","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this seminar we describe the critical care management of patients with chronic neuromuscular diseases (cNMD). Determination of the acuity of the critical illness and trajectory of illness in the setting of cNMD is necessary to guide decision making. Systemic complications of critical illness, cardiac support needs, and peri-intubation considerations may be affected by underlying diagnosis. Mechanical ventilatory support, whether noninvasive or invasive, requires redefinition of the goals of ventilation on a patient-by-patient basis. Mode and approach to invasive ventilation and liberation to noninvasive ventilation versus tracheostomy have limited evidence, but potential clinical approaches are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21727,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"240-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Lung Cancer.","authors":"Daniel H Cooper, Isaac Almendros, Tetyana Kendzerska","doi":"10.1055/a-2531-1059","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2531-1059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with the prevalence of the disease continually rising. Therefore, identifying disease-modifying risk factors is critical, with increasing recognition of the impact of sleep quality/sleep disorders. This narrative review summarizes the evidence on the role of five domains of sleep on lung cancer incidence and progression: (i) sleep quality/duration, (ii) sleep disordered breathing, (iii) circadian rhythm disturbances, (iv) sleep-related movement disorders, and (v) personal, environmental, and social factors that modulate each of these associations. Epidemiological evidence supports reduced sleep duration, increased sleep duration, poor sleep quality, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, evening chronotype, peripheral limb movements in sleep, and less robustly for night shift work and restless leg syndrome to be associated with increased risk of lung cancer development, with potential impacts on cancer survival outcomes. Proposed mechanisms underlying the biological plausibility of these epidemiological associations are also explored, with common theories relating to immune dysregulation, metabolic alterations, reductions in melatonin, sympathetic overactivation, increased reactive oxygen species, production of protumorigenic exosomes, and inflammation. We also summarized potential treatments addressing impaired sleep quality/sleep disorders and their ability to attenuate the risk of lung cancer and improve cancer survival. Although evidence on reversibility is inconsistent, there are trends toward positive outcomes. Future research should focus on clinical trials to confirm cause and effect relationships, large epidemiologic studies for incidence/prognosis, clarification on the relative efficacy of treatment modalities, and more in vivo animal models to establish the molecular mechanisms underlying these relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":21727,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"189-201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome.","authors":"Marta Marin-Oto, David Sanz-Rubio, José M Marin","doi":"10.1055/a-2531-1166","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2531-1166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the same patients is defined as COPD/OSA overlap syndrome (OVL). OSA and sleep complaints are quite common among COPD patients and contribute to an increase in the risk of COPD exacerbation and mortality. Patients with OVL are more likely to develop cardiometabolic disease than patients with OSA or COPD alone. We must consider OSA as a treatable trait since the use of positive pressure ventilation reduces severe exacerbations, all-cause hospitalizations, and mortality in patients with COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21727,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnea: From Research to Clinical Practice.","authors":"Miguel Meira E Cruz, Alexander Sweetman","doi":"10.1055/a-2591-5664","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2591-5664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) represents a highly prevalent and clinically significant overlap between the two most common sleep disorders: insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). COMISA is associated with greater impairment in sleep, daytime functioning, and physical and mental health compared with insomnia or OSA alone. Despite its prevalence, COMISA has historically been underrecognized, partially due to the conflicting symptoms of insomnia (e.g., hyperarousal and sleeplessness) and OSA (e.g., sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness). Recent research highlights that COMISA is not merely the coexistence of insomnia and OSA but may involve unique pathophysiological interactions and clinical phenotypes. This review explores the epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical manifestations of COMISA. We examine insomnia as a potential extension of OSA, where repeated apneic events lead to conditioned hyperarousal, as well as OSA as an extension of chronic insomnia through mechanisms such as autonomic dysregulation and respiratory instability. Furthermore, we consider COMISA as a distinct entity, characterized by bidirectional interactions between the two conditions that exacerbate their clinical and physiological burden. Key challenges in diagnosing COMISA are discussed, including overlapping symptoms and limitations in current assessment tools. Emerging evidence suggests that COMISA is associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risks, greater mental health burden, and reduced treatment adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. Advances in tailored therapeutic approaches, including combined cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia and OSA management strategies, are highlighted as promising avenues to improve outcomes. Understanding COMISA as a multidimensional condition with diverse phenotypes and mechanisms underscores the need for integrated diagnostic frameworks and personalized treatment strategies to optimize patient care. Further research into its unique features and long-term consequences is critical to advancing clinical practice in sleep and respiratory medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":21727,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life After COVID-19: Alterations Related to Sleep and Circadian Rhythms.","authors":"Adriano D S Targa, Mario Henríquez-Beltrán, Anna Galan-Gonzalez, Ferran Barbé","doi":"10.1055/a-2591-5627","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2591-5627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>World Health Organization (WHO) estimates reveal that over 777 million people were reportedly infected by SARS-CoV-2, with approximately 7 million deaths and 770 million surviving the disease up to April 2025. Beyond the immediate social and economic impact, an additional challenge arises as a large percentage of COVID-19 survivors report a wide range of symptoms after the acute phase, including fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive difficulties, joint and muscle pain, chest pain, heart palpitations, loss of taste or smell, headaches, depression, anxiety, and sleep and circadian alterations. In this chapter, we will specifically address the sleep- and circadian rhythm-related alterations within this context. First, we will focus on sleep-related changes following the acute phase of the disease, detailing their manifestations, prevalence, and associated factors. We will then discuss the potential impact of these sleep-related aspects on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the severity of COVID-19, and the presence of post-COVID-19 conditions. A similar approach will be applied to address the circadian-related alterations. Finally, we will provide a comprehensive discussion on the overall limitations of available knowledge and its applicability, highlighting the relevance of these findings for the present and future.</p>","PeriodicalId":21727,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"158-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and Cardiovascular Health.","authors":"Lucía Pinilla, Irene Cano-Pumarega, Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre","doi":"10.1055/a-2591-5462","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2591-5462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep is recognized as a foundational pillar of health, essential for maintaining nearly all vital processes, and a crucial component of cardiovascular function. In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift to conceptualize sleep health as a combination of multiple domains, including duration, timing, quality, variability/regularity, habits/behaviors, and disordered sleep. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence linking the multifaceted elements that contribute to healthy sleep with cardiovascular and blood pressure-related outcomes. The reviewed literature indicates a strong relationship between sleep and cardiovascular health. However, the specific pathophysiological mechanisms that bridge the various dimensions of sleep with cardiovascular outcomes remain elusive. Given the global burden of cardiovascular disease, understanding the interplay between sleep and cardiovascular health has important implications for both individual and population health. Sustained efforts to move beyond a focus on discrete domains of sleep are essential to fully understand this complex and potentially bidirectional relationship. Promoting healthy sleep patterns and optimizing the management and treatment of sleep disorders are key steps toward developing more comprehensive strategies for reducing cardiovascular risk. Integrating sleep health into routine clinical care is identified as a critical opportunity to enhance cardiovascular disease prevention and management, particularly among vulnerable and high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21727,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"134-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Embolism and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Alberto García-Ortega, Ana Pedro-Tudela, Laura Taberner-Lino, Esther Barreiro, Miguel Ángel Martínez-García, Grace Oscullo","doi":"10.1055/a-2517-7880","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2517-7880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary embolism (PE) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remain a major health issue worldwide with potential overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms. PE, the most severe form of venous thromboembolism, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, presenting challenges in management and prevention, especially in high-risk populations. OSA is a prevalent condition characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway closure resulting in intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Although the understanding of epidemiological and pathogenic relationships between OSA and PE is still limited, current data suggest that interactions between these two conditions appear to be relevant. OSA is emerging as a novel risk factor for PE, potentially affecting all components of Virchow's triad: hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction, and venous stasis. Epidemiological studies indicate a high prevalence of undiagnosed OSA in acute PE patients. Moderate-to-severe OSA has been linked to worse clinical presentations and outcomes. Furthermore, OSA has been associated with increased risks of PE recurrence and mortality. Future research directions should include clarifying the bidirectional relationship between these conditions and evaluating the effectiveness and safety of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in improving outcomes in patients with concurrent acute PE and OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":21727,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nocturnal Hypoxemia in Respiratory Medicine: Pathophysiology, Measurement, and Association with Outcomes.","authors":"Mohammadreza Hajipour, Gonzalo Labarca, Najib Ayas, Ali Azarbarzin","doi":"10.1055/a-2618-7422","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2618-7422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nocturnal hypoxemia is a prevalent feature of various respiratory diseases, significantly impacting patient outcomes and therapeutic strategies. Oximetry, a noninvasive and widely accessible tool, enables the measurement of nocturnal hypoxemia through oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO₂)-derived metrics such as the oxygen desaturation index, percentage of sleep time with SpO₂ below 90%, mean SpO₂, and measures of the area under the desaturation curve (e.g., sleep apnea-specific hypoxic burden). While these metrics are well established in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), their application in other respiratory conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, heart failure, neuromuscular disorders, pregnancy, and high-altitude residents, remains an area of active investigation. This review explores the pathophysiology of hypoxemia in these conditions and evaluates the role of SpO₂-derived metrics in risk stratification beyond OSA. We also discuss the challenges of interpreting SpO₂ data, particularly the difficulty differentiating disease-related hypoxemia from comorbid OSA. Additionally, we examine the limitations of oximetry, including sensor inaccuracies, motion artifacts, and skin pigmentation. Finally, we emphasize the need for further research to standardize these metrics across diverse conditions and advocate for their integration into clinical practice to enhance patient management and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21727,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"221-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and Circadian-Related Outcomes after Critical Illness.","authors":"Margaret A Pisani","doi":"10.1055/a-2531-1137","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2531-1137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep and circadian disruptions are frequently reported in studies of critically ill patients. Less is known about sleep and circadian disruptions after an intensive care unit (ICU) admission. It is recognized now that survivors of critical illness may develop what is termed post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) which is a constellation of symptoms of which two of the most prominent features are fatigue and sleep complaints. Clinicians and researchers are now recognizing the importance of examining symptoms in survivors which impact their quality of life. Although current data are limited this review addresses what is now known about sleep and circadian disruptions post-ICU. Current ongoing research and future studies should continue to inform our understanding of how critical illness and the ICU environment both influence long-term outcomes in critically ill patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21727,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}