{"title":"STATUS OF ANIMAL PHYLA IN DIFFERENT KINGDOM SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION","authors":"A. Verma, S. Prakash","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2020.2211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2020.2211","url":null,"abstract":"Biological classification is the scientific procedure of arranging the organisms in a hierarchical series of groups and sub-groups on the basis of their similarities and dissimilarities. Many biologists have contributed to this method of classification, which took years for researchers to decide the most fundamental characteristics for the classification. The history of kingdom system in classification is started with Linnaeus (1735), who laid the foundation of modern biological classification by classifying the organisms into two kingdoms namely Plantae and Animalia. The two kingdom system was followed by three, four, five and six kingdom systems respectively. In present discussion, authors tried to discuss the current status of different animal phyla with respect to different kingdom systems.","PeriodicalId":217255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Innovations","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123611563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is not risk factor for bipolar disorder","authors":"V. Rai, Farhin Jamal, Pradeep Kumar","doi":"10.1101/19010280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/19010280","url":null,"abstract":"Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a psychiatric disease, characterized by the cycles of mania and depression. Several genetic studies investigated BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism as risk factor for BPD, but results were inconclusive. Therefore, present meta-analysis was performed to reevaluate the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and BPD association. Four databases (Pubmed, Springer Link, Science Direct and Google Scholar) were searched for eligible studies up to March 31,2018. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. All statistical analyses were done by MetaAnalyst and Mix program. Forty studies with a total of 28,787 subjects (10,085 cases and 18,702 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, pooled analysis indicated that there was no significant association between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and BPD risk under all five genetic models (ORA vs.G =0.99, 95%CI= 0.94-1.03, p=0.49; ORAG vs. GG= 0.1.02, 95%CI= 0.95-1.07, p= 0.57; ORAA vs. GG = 0.98, 95%CI=0.89-1.08, p=0.75; ORAA+AG vs. GG= 1.0, 95%CI= 0.94-1.06, p= 0.89;ORAA vs. AG+GG= 0.96, 95%CI= 0.89-1.05, p= 0.47). Similarly, no significant association was observed in ethnicity based subgroup analysis in both Asian and Caucasian population. However, significant association was found in subtype analysis between BDNF Val66Met and BPDII (ORAA+AG vs. GG= 1.21, 95%CI= 1.06-1.37, p= 0.003) but not with BPDI. These findings suggested that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism confer no genetic susceptibility to BPD I but risk for BPDII.","PeriodicalId":217255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Innovations","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121019208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FAUNAL DIVERSITY OF SPIDERS (CHELICERATA: ARANEAE) IN BIHAR AND JHARKHAND, INDIA","authors":"Rajendra Singh, Garima Singh","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2021.3220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2021.3220","url":null,"abstract":"An updated checklist of faunal biodiversity of the spiders, in two eastern states of India, Bihar and Jharkhand is presented herewith. A total of 116 species of spiders described under 67 genera belonging to 23 families were recorded in both the states of east India. The species biodiversity of spiders is more in Bihar state (93 species, 55 genera, 21 families) than in Jharkhand (35 species, 27 genera, 13 families). Only 12 species overlap in distribution in both the states. However, most of the areas in both the states (26 districts out of 38 districts in Bihar and 15 districts out of 24 districts in Jharkhand) are still virgin regarding the faunal survey programmes and need intensive and extensive survey programmes in those areas by keen workers.","PeriodicalId":217255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Innovations","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125221173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Chakraborty, M. Shahroz, A. Bhuiyan, S. Bhattacharjee, S. Chattoraj
{"title":"Status of Indian major carps spawn in the Halda River along with marketing and economic condition of the Fishers and related collectors","authors":"B. Chakraborty, M. Shahroz, A. Bhuiyan, S. Bhattacharjee, S. Chattoraj","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2019.1202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2019.1202","url":null,"abstract":": The spawn of Indian major carps makes the Halda River an irreplaceable heritage of Bangladesh. The study was conducted to observe present status of Indian major carp breeding and collection management procedures of carp spawn and fry from the Halda River along with marketing process and economic conditions of the fishers and spawn collector. Data were collected through direct interview. In marketing system of carp eggs, spawn and fry in the Halda River, a number of intermediaries were involved actively in the marketing system. Four different types of marketing systems were identified in Halda spawn and fry distribution fry seller to final consumer. Fertilized eggs and spawn were collected and hatched by the local fisher's and collectors using their indigenous method. Those egg collectors sold to the hatchery owners per kg spawn at the rate of 50,000-80,000 BdTk. Again hatchery owners sold each and every fry at the rate of 5.0-6.0 BDTk. to the local fish farmers. Yearly survey information on Halda River's egg, spawn and fry collection showed an ups and downs production rate during last 07 years. The production status in the year 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 was 230, 1569, 526, 508, 107, 320 and 338kg respectively and these types of ups and downs indicated poor number of broods, poor breeding ground and poor ecosystem of the Halda River. Different types of transports were used to carry fertilized eggs and spawn of Halda River. Investigation was also done to find out the economic condition, average income during breeding season and off season, educational background and family status of the local people of Halda region involving in fry collecting and marketing system. The study recommends that ecosystem health and breeding ground of Halda River should be protected for ensuring availability of pure line fertilized eggs and spawn of Indian major carp.","PeriodicalId":217255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Innovations","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116793099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"STATUS OF AQUATIC RESOURCE AND PRODUCTION OF KONGSHA RIVER IN NORTHERN BANGLADESH","authors":"B. Chakraborty, M. Mome","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2022.4101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2022.4101","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is very rich in aquatic biodiversity. The present study, conducted during 2016 to 2020, recorded a total number of 138 species (108 fish, 09 prawn, 01 snail, 05 crab, and 15 turtle) belonging to 22 families that identified from the Kongsha River and its flood plain. About ten types of fishing gears, different crafts, hook and line were identified operative in the river. Increasing rates of using current jal (15.00-25.80%) and Bar jal (12.00-16.00%) were identified as detrimental gears destroying different species. The productivity of aquatic life was decreased from 202.99±13.42 to 158.43±11.34 mt during 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. About 04 important aquatic species including major carp mohasseer (Tor tor), reptiles (Cyclemys oldhami, Melanocheelys trjuuga and Morenia petersi) became rare (E) and 17 commercially important aquatic species were at the edge of extinction (CR). From this exploration, 70 species were recorded in the endangered (EN) category, 21 species vulnerable (VU), 12 species lower risk (LR), 08 species least concern (LC) and 04 data deficient (DF). To save the existing aquatic species in the riverine ecosystem and ensure better livelihood of the fishes, a team of local management committee, similar to the Hilsa fisheries management technology is needed.","PeriodicalId":217255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Innovations","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125128322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alternative Methods Replacing Animal Testing in Research: An Overview","authors":"A. Singh, Preeti Singh","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2019.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2019.1206","url":null,"abstract":": The discovery of new drugs involves their testing on animals for efficacy as well as safety before the approval. Millions of animals are being sacrificed to fulfill this need. But experimentation on animals during the past years has created a matter of attention to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) for better care and handling of animals. The main aim of these committees is to reduce and finally exclude the animal use from the area of research with appropriate alternatives. Various alternative methods and organisms have been implemented and used respectively in this aspect in the last few years. Alternatives of animals serve the same purpose as that of utilizing whole animal for testing. The techniques such as in vitro method, computer model, stem cell, alternative organisms, use of biotechnology etc. might eventually replace the use of animals for testing and these approaches may provide an insight to minimum utilization of animals in scientific research. Some alternatives of animal testing have been discussed in this article with some examples.","PeriodicalId":217255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Innovations","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124970689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Saha, Neeraj Vaishnav, Z. Ahsan, Nisha Rani, R. Mathur, A. Jha
{"title":"REVERSAL OF HYPERMETHYLATION AND REACTIVATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES DUE TO NATURAL COMPOUNDS IN BREAST CANCER CELLS","authors":"D. Saha, Neeraj Vaishnav, Z. Ahsan, Nisha Rani, R. Mathur, A. Jha","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2020.2109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2020.2109","url":null,"abstract":": Breast oncogenesis is a multistage process that involves epigenetic and genetic changes. Epigenetics is outlined as reversible changes in gene expression, with no alteration in gene sequence. DNA methylation, histone modification, and nucleosome transformation are the foremost epigenetic changes that may get dysregulated in breast cancer. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is reversed by varied molecules as well as natural compounds like polyphenols which will act as a hypermethylation agent. Nowadays, much of the research is going in the direction of natural and dietary compounds and attempting to search out novel and extra effective medical aid for the breast cancer patients. In this literature, few vital natural chemical compounds effective against the breast oncogenesis with their mode of actions are discussed. Such chemicals act as an analytical and prognostic tool in breast cancer due to their role in epigenetic regulation.","PeriodicalId":217255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Innovations","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129923942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CAUDAL REGENERATION OF EARTHWORM, EISENIA FETIDA","authors":"Ajit Wakale, S. Kulkarni","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2021.3206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2021.3206","url":null,"abstract":"Earthworms are renowned for their ability to regenerate lost parts. The groups of 0 0 0 0 earthworm, Eisenia fetida were kept in different temperatures like 20 C, 25 C, 30 C and 35 C and their regenerating efficiency was examined. After 30 days, authors found 44.44%, 66.66%, 66.00% and 50.00% regenerating efficiency respectively with the control group as 70.00%. The earthworms 0 0 exposed to low (20 C) and high (35 C) temperatures, showed decreased rate of caudal regeneration as compared to other experimental and control groups. Caudal regeneration, Earthworm, Eisenia fetida, Environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":217255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Innovations","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121784732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Zinc on the Histopathology of Gill, Liver and Kidney of Fresh Water Catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.)","authors":"N. Srivastava, S. Prakash","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2019.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2019.1102","url":null,"abstract":": The aim of the present study was to assess the toxic effect of Zinc on the histology of gill, liver and kidney of Clarias batrachus was studied. The fish were exposed to sublethal concentration of 96h LC of zinc sulphate (37.22 mg/L) 50 i.e. 10, 20 and 30 of mg/L ZnSO for 30 and 45 days. The fish exposed to zinc sulphate showed fusion of secondary gill 4 lamellae, mucous secretion, and reduction in length, rupturing of secondary gill lamellae and vacuolization were observed in the gill, enlargement of hepatocytes, necrosis, ruptured hepatocytes, space formation and vacuolization were observed in liver, disintegration of tubules, swelling of glomerulus, tubular necrosis and vacuolization were observed in kidney of Clarias batrachus .","PeriodicalId":217255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Innovations","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114833326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FREQUENCY OF TYPHOID FEVER IN HEALTHY PEOPLE OF DODA REGION OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA: FIRST REPORT FROM AREA","authors":"W. K. Balwan, Wahied Khawar Balwan, Neelam Saba","doi":"10.46505/ijbi.2020.2201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2020.2201","url":null,"abstract":": Typhoid fever (or enteric fever) remains a deadly disease in developing countries, particularly in India. Although, the paediatric population is mainly affected by this disease, however, the disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in adult populations as well. Typhoid fever is an orally transmitted infectious disease caused by the Gram negative bacterium, Salmonella typhi . The aim of the study was to examine pathogens that cause typhoid fever among healthy people in the Doda region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Blood was collected from 150 healthy people for testing. A total of 85 (56.7%) healthy people showed positive results that they had typhoid fever based on a clinical examination and serological test, while 65 (43.3%) showed negative results of the total of 150 patients. The Widal test was found to be suitable test for enteric fever. Typhoid fever remains common in the Doda region, even among those with a high level of education. The study conducted during March 2020 to May 2020, is the first of its kind in the Doda region of Jammu and Kashmir.","PeriodicalId":217255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological Innovations","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127610173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}