American Journal of Applied Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Depression Among the University Students in Arghakhanchi District","authors":"D. Mishra, Rajan Bhusal, Ridesh Pokharel, S. Sharma","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20211004.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20211004.12","url":null,"abstract":"A Depression is one of the major mental illnesses of today's generation and is a common mental disorder. Depression is characterized by a loss of interest and a persistent sadness in activities that people usually enjoy, associated with an inability to carry out daily activities, for at least two weeks. Also, people with depression typically have several of the following a change in appetite; loss of energy; anxiety; sleeping more or less; reduced concentration; indecisiveness; restlessness; feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or hopelessness; along with thoughts of self-harm or suicide. Depression is treatable, with cognitive therapies or antidepressant medication or a combination of these. The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the level of depression among university students of Arghakhanchi district. The self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), was used to collect information on demographics, personal and academic factors, and depression level. Informed written consent was taken with a questionnaire. Collected data from university students were entered and analysed using (SPSS) software version 25. Chi-square test was used in this research to find out the association between the variables. Out of the total students, 40.6% of students were suffering from mild to the extremely severe level of depression, and remaining 59.4% of the students were normal. Results shows statistically significant association between age & depression (p=0.005), ethnicity & depression (p=0.0035) and faculty of study and depression (p=0.003). The high prevalence of depression among university students is an alarming figure that needs urgent attention and warrants towards strategic planning with the need for primary and secondary prevention measures.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124707119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons and Motivations for Procrastinating Academic Activities in First-Year Medical Students","authors":"M. A. Mesa Jurado, Ileana Petra, Norma Yepez, M. Fouilloux, Beatriz Zamora","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20211003.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20211003.14","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which procrastination occurs in first-year medical students and the reasons for this behavior. It was a cross-sectional study conducted with 388 medical students from a public university in Mexico City. The Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (PASS) was used. A descriptive analysis of procrastination behaviors and the reasons for their manifestation was carried out using frequencies and percentages. On the other hand, a comparative analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for sex, age, and school of origin. In addition, Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests were performed for high school grade point average, mother's education, and the people with whom the students lived when applying the instrument. About 30% of the students reported postponing homework or studying, while 27% or less postpone other activities (e.g., tutoring or academic paperwork). As for the reasons why students delay their chores, the ones that stand out are: poor time management, feeling overwhelmed, laziness, frustration (because they think the task takes too much time), anxiety about the evaluation, perfectionism, and difficulty in making decisions when performing the task. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was found that younger people tend to procrastinate less than older people (Z= -2.42; p= .016) when postponing their homework. Males tend to do it more than females as a way of experiencing excitement when rebelling against control (Z= -2.76; p= .006) and taking risks (Z= -2.32; p= .020). However, female students tend to procrastinate more than males when they felt overwhelmed by academic work and the lack of time to carry it out (Z= -2.47; p= .013). In addition, those who attended private schools during high school tend to procrastinate more than those who attended public academies when they have doubts and require assistance but find it difficult to ask the teacher or other people (Z= -2.33; p= .020). In conclusion, the results of this work will help to know the motivation for postponing academic activities and the influences associated with delaying these responsibilities, and therefore, to develop proposals on dealing with bad practices.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122970024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Six-Year Effect Evaluation of an Occupational Health Intervention – Considering Contextual Challenges","authors":"P. O. Saksvik, M. Christensen, S. T. Innstrand, Oystein Indergaard, Helene Alnes Vedlog, M. Karanika-Murray","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20211003.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20211003.13","url":null,"abstract":"Interventions to improve organizations are common in both practice and research, but relatively little evaluation research has focused on the long-term effects of an intervention. This study opens a unique window into the longevity of an intervention’s outcomes and the factors that can help to sustain these. In this paper we report a long-term effect evaluation of a comprehensive intervention that focused on developing employeeship and that took place over six years in a University unit (the Intervention Unit, IU). A former evaluation showed that the intervention had been successful in achieving its outcomes in the first three years until 2015. In 2016, a major organizational merger was conducted. This provided a natural opportunity to evaluate the long-term sustainability of the intervention in terms of its effects on the psychosocial work environment. The present long-term effect evaluation is a multi-method study with contextual data from multiple sources and stakeholders. The final survey was administered one year after the merger. In addition to the survey, organizational records were examined and interviews with stakeholders were carried out to examine the contextual issues affecting the intervention. To evaluate the intervention, we used ARK, which is a systematic and validated tool. ANOVA analyses of the intervention- and control groups showed that the positive results were compromised in the follow-up survey (a further three years later). The contextual evaluation with ANCOVA pointed to main changes connected to the organizational merger and especially for the IU.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116923017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Perception of Early Parental Attachment Experiences on Adult Romantic Attachment Style","authors":"Eyob Ayenew","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20211003.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20211003.12","url":null,"abstract":"The capacity to form strong intimate relationship with others is considered as an essential developmental task and a principal feature of effective personality development. Consequently, there are different theories that attempted to explain how social relationship is formed. However, review of related literature on such relationship shows that attachment theory has become prominent theory to explain it. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of early parental (care giver) attachment experience on adult romantic attachment using attachment theory as a framework. Cross-sectional descriptive survey design was used. A total of 306 (159 female and 147 male) participants were included from community based sample. Three Kebeles in Yeka sub-city of Addis Ababa were selected randomly. Data were collected on adult attachment and perception of early parental attachment experience. The constructs were measured by Experience in Close Relationship Scale-Revised and Inventory of Parent Peer Attachment. Pearson correlation and linear multiple regressions were run to investigate the association and prediction among variables under study respectively. The result confirmed that perception of early attachment experience did not predict adult romantic attachment but insignificantly related. Consequently, the relationship between perception of early parental attachment experience and adult romantic attachment style should be studied by fellow researchers to make the study more replicable in the future.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130216446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hardiness, Supervisor Support and Work Engagement: Empirical Evidence from Tertiary Institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria","authors":"N. C. Uwannah, Constance Ndidi Onyekachi, Bankole Adeyemi Filade","doi":"10.12691/AJAP-9-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJAP-9-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"In times past, researchers have studied different variables that predict work engagement of employees but few of such studies have looked at the influence of hardiness and supervisor support on employees’ work engagement especially in Ogun State, Nigeria. This study therefore, examined the extent to which hardiness and supervisor support influence the work engagement of employees in public and private tertiary institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria. A sample of 476 employees selected through stratified random sampling technique was used. Hardiness, supervisor support and work engagement of employees were measured with standardized scales while three hypotheses postulated were analyzed with multiple regression and correlation analysis at .05 level of significance. Findings reveal that 43% of the variance in work engagement were accounted for by hardiness and supervisor support showing that hardiness and supervisor support jointly contributed to employees’ work engagement (F(2, 473) = 181.496, p .05) which had no significant contribution. Finally, there was a significant positive relationship between supervisor support and work engagement ((r = .659, p .05), and hardiness and supervisor support (r = .037, p > .05) These findings stress the important role of hardiness and supervisor support on the work engagement of employees. Implications of these findings is that managers need to create and boost needed managerial support at the various levels of employment to enhance employee engagement to meet organisational goals. Although hardiness is found to have no significant influence on work engagement, yet it is noted that individuals who are high in hardiness may be more likely to build and maintain a social network compared to those who are low in hardiness, hence the result of this research may be significant to employers on manpower development for better work commitment and engagement. It would therefore, be beneficial to provide hardiness trainings to new hires in the work place since previous researches has established that hardiness training may increase levels of hardiness in workers improving their job performance while leading to a reduction in attrition rate.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127879819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Esteem and Reactive Aggression: An EMG Biofeedback Training Approach","authors":"Sukhminder Kaur, S. Kaur","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20211002.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20211002.13","url":null,"abstract":"Human aggression and violence is a worldwide public health concern that has greater influence on both the offenders and victims. Although many theorists have recognized multiple and complex causes of such behaviors, a number of researchers have pointed out self-esteem as an important component in behavioral change and prevention of crime. The association of self-esteem and aggression is most frequently studied and traditional viewpoint assumes that low self-esteem is a significant predictor of aggression. Researchers suggest that individuals with low self-esteem may benefit from therapeutic techniques. Following indications from the previous researches, the objective of the present study was to examine the role of EMG biofeedback in enhancing self-esteem of aggressive adolescents. It was hypothesized that EMG biofeedback would improve self-esteem and reduce reactive aggression of participants in experimental group. A pre-post experimental-control group design was used. Self-Esteem Inventory and Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire were used to identify male adolescents with low self-esteem and high reactive aggression respectively. Further identified subjects were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. EMG biofeedback training was given to participants of experimental group (n=90) for ten sessions. Control group (n=90) participants did not receive any training. At the completion of intervention program, participants of both groups were again assessed on Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire and Self-Esteem Inventory. Obtained scores were subjected to one way Analysis of Variance. It was revealed that EMG biofeedback training made a significant improvement in students' level of self-esteem (F=57.88, p< 0.01) and a significant reduction in reactive aggression (F=121.31, p < 0.01) among participants of experimental group. The significant implications of the findings have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126333510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psycholinguistics Approach to Study of Female Stereotypes in the Armed Forces of Ukraine","authors":"Tetyana Khraban, Oleksiy Silko","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20211002.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20211002.12","url":null,"abstract":"This article is aimed to substantiate and explain the outcome of the empirical, inductive study of the website of a Ukrainian “Military Service” group. The language level of female stereotypes in the Armed Forces of Ukraine was subjected to analysis through studying of the gender stereotype functions conditionally divided into psychological and social ones. As a main research method was used discourse analysis. Cognitive-adaptive function is realized through the cognitive gender metaphor, which are becoming tools that breaks down traditional female stereotypes and offer a new perspective, namely the failure of polarization between the genders. The value-protective function of female stereotypes is aimed to maintain collective values, justify and rationalize discriminatory attitudes towards the outgroups. Constructive function of gender stereotyping favors the emancipation of a serviceman, helps to prevent the stress associated with the need to obey in armed forces, lets adopt the form and manner of behavior in typical social situations that presuppose strict military discipline, subordination and unity of command, lets a serviceman perceive and evaluate a woman based on the characteristics of her inner world and her professional activities. Emotional-evaluative function of female stereotypes helps military man in the Armed Forces of Ukraine reproduce situations that are emotionally significant for him, in which his needs in recognition and love have been met. Further, this can contribute to creation of psychological comfort and deep emotional ties between men and women in a military collective.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129824303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Sensitivity and Dream Recall in Children","authors":"Sudhakar Venukapalli","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20211002.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20211002.11","url":null,"abstract":"Does an individual’s inner cognitive sensitivity influence his /her recalling of dreams? Do girls recall more number of dreams than boys? This paper is an attempt to address these two questions through an empirical study conducted with 40 school children. Recent studies in dream research are enabling the scientific community to go deep into the complex cognitive processes, including the functioning of the whole personality. The dream recall questionnaire and the Cognitive Process Survey (CPS) designed and developed by Raymond F. Martinetti were circulated among the children and their responses were processed and analyzed. The data about dream recall were also crosschecked with dream diaries that were maintained by the children during the study period. It is found that boys and girls differ significantly with respect to the recalling of dreams and the most interesting finding of this study is that girl’s recall more number of dreams compared to boys. Further, the Cognitive Process Survey (CPS) assessed children’s inner cognitive sensitivity like, degree of imaginal life, orientation toward imaginal life and defensiveness. This study also discovered a strong and positive correlation between dream recall and the inner imaginal sensitivity of children. The findings of this study are consistent with the studies conducted by cognitive psychologists and clinical psychologists in the field of dream research.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122299996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Government’s Mass Mobilization in Administrative Reforms in Ho Chi Minh City Today","authors":"Ngoc Pham","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20211001.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20211001.15","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the author aims to explore the views, theories as well as practical issues about mass mobilization work in administrative reforms in the districts of Ho Chi Minh City. The author has proposed two hypotheses: Firstly, the awareness of the government’s mass mobilization of the districts in administrative reforms is a long-term and continuous process to improve the efficiency of organizations and improve the regime and administrative modes. Secondly, mass mobilization activities of the districts in administrative reforms have gained achievements and raised issues need to be addressed to improve administrative reforms of the districts to serve the lives of the people better. In this study, the author has used scientific research methods such as analysis and synthesis, interpretation and induction, generalization, logic, history, and comparison to come to the general conclusions on the government’s mass mobilization of the district authorities in administrative reforms in Ho Chi Minh city. The study has carried out in districts of Ho Chi Minh city. It has found that the government’s mass mobilization of the districts in Ho Chi Minh city contributed to the awareness of officials as well as the people about the city's administrative reforms, meeting the people's desire. It plays a very important part in the implementation of administrative procedure reforms; publicity and transparency of guidelines and policies; socio-economic development programs and projects in districts, revenues and expenditures from the budget and other sources. The author suggested that the government should promote mass mobilization work in administrative reforms across the country.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122490106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Contemporary College Students' Makeup Behavior on Subjective Well-Being: The Intermediary Role of Appearance Anxiety","authors":"Qin Pengfei","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20211001.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20211001.13","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the influence of contemporary college students' makeup behavior on subjective well-being. The intermediary role of appearance anxiety. Method: A survey of 344 college students was conducted using the appearance anxiety scale, makeup behavior questionnaire, and subjective well-being scale. Results: Make-up behavior, appearance anxiety, and subjective well-being were positively related, the more anxious people are about appearance, the more frequent the makeup behavior, and the higher the subjective well-being, subjective well-being is enhanced after the completion of Make-up behavior, but because of the expectation of being praised by the outside world and causing another nature of appearance anxiety. Conclusion: Make-up behavior, appearance anxiety, and subjective well-being are positively correlated, that is, the higher the degree of anxiety about appearance, the more frequent make-up behavior, the higher the requirements. The increase in make-up behavior will lead to more appearance anxiety, but this anxiety can improve subjective well-being may be due to a higher level of social comparison. In other words, when individuals expect to be praised or appreciated by the outside world, they will be more alert to their appearance, which may lead to another nature of appearance anxiety, when their appearance is recognized or better than the previous level of appearance. That is, benefit from make-up behavior, resulting in happiness.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122281615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}