Scientific World最新文献

{"title":"BACTERIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF BURN WOUNDS WITH TIME AND THEIR ANTIBIOGRAM","authors":"S. Rajbahak, C. Shrestha, Anjana Singh","doi":"10.3126/SW.V12I12.13601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V12I12.13601","url":null,"abstract":"A prospective study was carried out in 42 burn patients admitted in burn unit of Bir Hospital over a period of six months from September 2011 to February 2012 to evaluate time-related changes in aerobic bacterial colonization and their susceptibility pattern. Periodic swabs were taken from the burn wound on 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks to see the changing pattern of organisms during hospital stay of patients. Wound swabs obtained from the burn patients were subjected to microbiological analysis. The isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques and their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion techniques. In the present study burn injury was highest in the age group 25-34 years (28.6%). Male to female ratio was 1:1.5. Fire was the major cause of burn (78.6%) followed by scald burn (7.1%). Among the 168 samples, single organism was isolated in 47.6% samples and mixed organisms in 39.9% and no growth in 12.5%. A total of 215 bacterial species were isolated from 168 samples in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for the highest percentage 45.6% followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19.1%), Acinetobacter spp. (17.7%) and coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) (5.6%). Gram negative bacteria were the dominating bacteria all over the study period and exhibited lower sensitivity to most of the antibiotic used. Furthermore, P. aeruginosa was least sensitive to most antibiotics used. Amikacin was the drug of choice for most Gram negative bacteria and vancomycin was found to be susceptible drug for Gram positive organisms ( S. aureus and CONS). Continuous survey and analysis of changing microbial flora and their antibiogram in burn patients help in timely detection and control of spread of infection and also help to review effective antibiotic policies. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 70-76","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"4 1","pages":"70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76009989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ULTRASONIC STUDIES OF POLYVINYLCHLORIDE IN CYCLOHEXANONE AND 1,4-DIOXANE","authors":"B. Thapa, P. Shrestha, P. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/SW.V12I12.13599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V12I12.13599","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic velocity and density were measured for the binary systems: polyvinylchloride—cyclohexanone and polyvinylchloride–1,4-dioxane. And hence, the acoustic impedance (Z) and reciprocal of adiabatic compressibility (?-1) were computed. The variations of ultrasonic velocity, density and acoustic impedance with concentration of polyvinylchloride were studied; confirming the absence of solute–solvent interaction. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 62-64","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"8 1","pages":"62-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79996715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF THE CRATERS OF THE MOON OBSERVED FROM NATIONAL OBSERVATORY NAGARKOT, NEPAL","authors":"P. Parajuli, P. Dhungel, U. Khanal, S. Shahi","doi":"10.3126/SW.V12I12.13562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V12I12.13562","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the craters of the satellite Moon using images taken from National Observatory located at Nagarkot, Bhaktapur, Nepal during the period from November 8, 2012 to January 14, 2014. We captured the images of the crater of the Moon using Meade 16-inch LX200GPS Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope. The images were processed in the software ALADIN 2.5. To measure the distance, we drew lines across the craters, and took the lengths of those lines using ALADIN 2.5 software in terms of pixel size. Using the pixel size of the image from the software, we obtained the diameter of the craters under study. This work includes the measured diameters of eight different craters of Moon, and their comparison with the published results. Our findings on the diameter of the craters of moon is in close agreement with the published values. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 9-13","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"594 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85340377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISOLATION OF QUERCETIN FROM FLOWER PETALS, ESTIMATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC, TOTAL FLAVONOID AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF RHODODENDRON ARBOREUM SMITH","authors":"L. Bhandari, M. Rajbhandari","doi":"10.3126/SW.V12I12.13569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V12I12.13569","url":null,"abstract":"The flowers of Rhododendron arboreum Smith is a source of polyphenolic compounds. A flavonol, quercetin, was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of flower petals of R. arboreum by repeated Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Isolated quercetin was characterized by comparing melting point, Rf values, UV and IR spectra with authentic quercetin. The isolated quercetin was used as a standard for the estimation of total flavonoids. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content in different parts of R. arboreum was carried out spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and Aluminium chloride reagent respectively. Gallic acid and quercetin were used as standard for the construction of calibration curve of phenolic and flavonoid respectively. The results showed that the highest total phenolic content was detected in the 70% acetone extract of the flowers (600 mg GAE/g extract) and petals (600 mg GAE/g extract) and the lowest amount was detected in methanol extract of stem (188 mg GAE/g extract). Similarly, the highest total flavonoid was detected in the 70% acetone extract of the twigs (170 mg QE/g extract) and the lowest amount was detected in the methanol extract of stem (45 mg QE/g extract). The antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts obtained from different parts of R. arboreum was determined by 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the radical scavenging activity (IC50) was calculated. The highest free radical scavenging effect was observed in leaves with IC50=8.34 ?g/ml and lowest was observed in stem with IC50=67.83 ?g/ml. The IC50 values, total phenolic and total flavonoid content (correlation coefficient R2= 0.923 for phenolic, R2= 0.965 for flavonoid) were correlated which showed strong correlation indicating that the major components responsible for antioxidant activity is phenolics. The highest the phenolic content, the lowest the IC50 value observed. The result indicated that R. arboreum is a rich source of high value polyphenols as natural antioxidant to use in preventive medicine as well as in food and pharmaceutical industry. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 34-40","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"46 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85647460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFICACY OF INVASIVE GREEN MANURES AND MYCORRHIZA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF DIFFERENT LEGUMES CROPS AND STUDY THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES","authors":"Geeta Shrestha Vaidya, N. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/SW.V12I12.13600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V12I12.13600","url":null,"abstract":"Application of the invasive green manure (locally available Lantana camara, Eupatorium adenophorum ) is an essential means to maintain soil fertility, soil structure and stimulate biological activities extensively. In this present study field trial of Lentil and Rajma were conducted in Kosebali Divison of Rampur, Chitwan district. Mycorrhiza was isolated from agricultural soil by sugar decantation method and mass production with the help of onion plant. Leaves of Lantana camara and Eupatorium adenophorum were collected and shed dried and grinded on powdered form. The treatments with green manures and mycorrhizae showed higher yield than the control in case of Lentil field trial. In case of Rajma field trial, length of stems and dry seed formation was higher in Eupatorium adenophorum and followed by Lantana camara , chemical fertilizer, control and mycorrhiza. Mycorrhizal spores were found higher in Lantana camara followed by Eupatorium adenophorum , mycorrhizal, chemical fertilizer and control. The number of mycorrhizal spores was found higher in case of Lantana camara followed by Eupatorium adenophorum , mycorrhiza, compost, chemical fertilizer and control. The percentage of seedless and low seeded pods were found higher on control followed by compost, chemical fertilizer, Lantana camara , Eupatorium adenophorum and mycorrhiza. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 65-69","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"75 1","pages":"65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80518491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS AND VEGETABLES OF BHAKTAPUR DISTRICT, NEPAL","authors":"Sadhana Pradhanang Kayastha","doi":"10.3126/SW.V12I12.13597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V12I12.13597","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was carried out to assess heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd,) in soils as well as vegetables of respective place of the Bhakatpur District (Manohara, Nagadesh, Bode, Hanumanghat, Sipadol, Tathali and Gundu). The leafy vegetables under this study were Spinach, Cauliflower, Carrot, Cabbage and Broad leaf mustard. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the plants and soils from the Bhakatpur was proportional in the order Zn> Cu>Pb> Cd. Spinach showed the extremely high accumulation tendency towards the heavy metals compare to other vegetables. The geo-accumulation class (Igeo) indicates that the agricultural soil of Hanumanghat, Manohara, Nagadesh and Bode are moderately contaminated of Cd. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 48-55","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"21 1","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74742504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HYPERVARIABLE REGIONS I AND II IN MALAY POPULATION OF MALAYSIA","authors":"Bhinu Shova Tuladhar, Nur Haslindawaty Abd Rashid, S. Panneerchelvam, N. Nor","doi":"10.3126/SW.V12I12.13566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V12I12.13566","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the control region of human mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) especially hypervariable regions I (HVI) and II (HVII) segments have been proven to be useful for human identification. For forensic application of mtDNA profiling in Malaysia, a comprehensive database on both HVI and HVII regions are essential. In order to identify polymorphic positions and to determine their frequency in the Malay population, mtDNA HVI and HVII regions of 103 maternally unrelated individuals were amplified ,sequenced and compared with Cambridge reference sequence (CRS). Sequence comparison led to the identification of a total of 446 and 604 location polymorphisms in mtDNA HVI and HVII regions respectively. This polymorphisms defined by 88 haplotypes (81 unique) in the HVI and 78 haplotypes (64 unique) in the HVII regions. In combined HVI and HVII defined 101 haplotypes (99 unique) was defined. In the HVII region All the individuals in HVII showed nucleotide transition event from A G at nucleotide position 073 and 263 and an insertion of cytosine (315.1C) at nucleotide position 315. The genetic diversity and probability of random match in combined HVI and HVII of 103 Malay individuals was found to be 0.9996 and 0.0101 respectively. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 24-29","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"7 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90694110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PLANT WATER RELATIONS AND DROUGHT ADAPTATIONS OF SCHIMA WALLICHII AT PHULCHOWKI HILL, NEPAL","authors":"K. Poudyal","doi":"10.3126/SW.V12I12.13603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V12I12.13603","url":null,"abstract":"In the central Himalaya, plants are subjected to a prolonged dry period, thus developing moisture stress. Variations in water relations and their response to drought in a Himalayan tree species, Schima wallichii at 1400 m elevation were studied at Phulchowki Hill, Kathmandu, Nepal. To understand the adaptational strategy of this species through which it withstands water stress, different parameters such as soil water potential at 15 (Y15) and 30 (Y30) cm depths, tree water potential at predawn (Ypd) and midday (Ymd), leaf conductance during morning (gw AM) and afternoon (gw PM) and correlation between all these variables were measured from December 1998 to April 2001, except during monsoon months. There was significant variation among months and years in Ypd, Ymd, AM and g wPM. Mean Ypd and Ymd were -0.20 and –0.63 MPa, respectively. The minimum Y value was observed in March 1999, after 4 months of unusually no rainfall. Some patterns of Ypd were related to phenology and leaf damage as Ypd often increased during leafing. Mean g w AM and g w PM were 95 and 75 m molm–2s–1, respectively. Schima wallichii maintained high Y, with low stomatal conductance reflecting its inherent dehydration postponement adaptation.. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 79-84","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"17 1","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81616735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPUTATIONAL PREDICTION OF CHEMICAL SHIFTS OF APO-STATE OF THE PROTEIN CALBINDIN D9K","authors":"M. Thapa, M. Rance","doi":"10.3126/SW.V12I12.13561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V12I12.13561","url":null,"abstract":"Calbindin D9k is a small protein. It is found predominantly in tissues involved in the uptake and transport of calcium such as cells of the intestinal brush border membrane. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) of the protein also helps to study motion and its development with time which may not be studied experimentally. Chemical shifts are also calculated from the data generated by MD using various chemical shift prediction tools such as Sparta+. Chemical shifts are most often used to predict regions of secondary structure of proteins, to aid in the refinement of complex structures, and for the characterization of conformational changes associated with partial unfolding or binding. We used AMBER 12.0 software on GPU to simulate the apo-state of the protein using water model TIP3P and the force field ff12SB and then Sparta+ was used to predict chemical shifts values for backbone atoms. These values are then studied with the values obtained from its initial structure. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 5-8","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"15 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87222764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FOUR MEDICINAL PLANTS OF NEPAL","authors":"Swasti Sharma, Ajana Devkota","doi":"10.3126/SW.V12I12.13598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V12I12.13598","url":null,"abstract":"The laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential and phytochemical study of the four selected medicinal plants Ageratum conyzoides, Eclipta prostrata, Cannabis sativa and Woodfordia fructicosa. The aqueous extract bioassay of the plants with stem and root were conducted on the two test seeds Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Pisum sativum (pea) by filter paper method. Germination, seedling growth and biomass production were observed under the allelopathic study whereas under phytochemical study qualitative or presence or absence and quantitative or crude amount of the phytochemicals present were also estimated. For the allelopathic studies the germination and seedling growth of wheat and pea test species under the different concentrations 2 %, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of the stem and root extracts of the plants under study were carried out. Increased concentration of the aqueous extracts of the plants increased the inhibitory rate or decreased the germination and seedling growth.Species sensitivity varied with the test seeds and alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, phenol, glycoside and essential oil were the phytochemicals present in the plant extracts. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 56-61","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"185 1","pages":"56-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77454347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}