{"title":"Developments in MTF and Athermal Optimization","authors":"P. Benham, M. Kidger","doi":"10.1364/ild.1990.lmc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.lmc5","url":null,"abstract":"At present there is considerable interest in the application of multi-configuration optimization methods to systems which are not simple zoom lenses or scanning systems. In particular, the ability to carry out an optimization in which different configurations represent different temperatures is extremely useful and we will discuss in detail how this can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":215557,"journal":{"name":"International Lens Design","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124827493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Future of Global Optimization in Lens Design","authors":"Doron Sturlesi, D. O'shea","doi":"10.1364/ild.1990.lmc1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.lmc1","url":null,"abstract":"With the incredible increase in the power of computers, lens designers can begin to contemplate strategies that would not have been possible before. More configurations can be tried; more rays can be traced; evaluation schemes can be more sophisticated. Still, there are the questions that nag every lens designer: Is that the best you can do? Isn’t there a better configuration with different glasses, curvatures, and thicknesses? The limited success of the conventional design methods in reaching the global minimum is mainly due to the fact that the solution is crucially dependent on the initial configuration. As a result, conventional design methods work satisfactorily and converge quickly to a good solution, only if a good choice of a starting point had been made. Most often, the routine ends up in an unfavorable configuration that does not satisfy the design requirements. It is not unusual for this to happen several times during the first design sessions.","PeriodicalId":215557,"journal":{"name":"International Lens Design","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125809393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowledge Based Optical Systems Design","authors":"R. B. Johnson","doi":"10.1364/ild.1990.ltuf1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.ltuf1","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of artificial intelligence technology in optical system design and its utility as an optical design associate will discussed.","PeriodicalId":215557,"journal":{"name":"International Lens Design","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128641308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Binary optics from a raytracing point of view","authors":"W. Southwell","doi":"10.1364/ild.1990.lmb4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.lmb4","url":null,"abstract":"Surfaces which achieve optical power from prescribed surface relief profiles (called kinoforms) have been generally described in the literature1-3 as diffraction devices, probably because of their similarity to holograms. The design and evaluation of these lenses are performed by either modeling the surface as a very high index lens4,5 or by using a raytrace code to define an arbitrary phase surface expressed as a polynomial. These methods do not utilize the full aberration correction capability of the relief profile when it is defined from a zonal raytrace refraction design. For example, the optimum relief profile for a kinoform surface2 focussing collimated light is a conic with conic coefficient of -n2 and with a different curvature in each Fresnel zone. Such a surface has discontinuous slopes at the zone boundaries even before the surface is given the two pi phase jumps. The above methods of design do not provide for discontinuous slopes.","PeriodicalId":215557,"journal":{"name":"International Lens Design","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129800068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fundamentals of the Optical Tolerance Budget","authors":"Warren J. Smith","doi":"10.1364/ild.1990.jwc1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.jwc1","url":null,"abstract":"A tutorial introduction to the statistical philosophy of establishing a tolerance budget with a step by step description of the process for a sample case.","PeriodicalId":215557,"journal":{"name":"International Lens Design","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114213190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of International Optical Standards on Lens Design","authors":"Robert E. Parks","doi":"10.1364/ild.1990.jwc4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.jwc4","url":null,"abstract":"In 1979 the International Standards Organization formed a technical committee to work on standards for optics and optical instruments. An optical drawing standard developed as part of the committee’s work will be published in draft form shortly. This standard will be adopted quickly by the world’s largest users and manufacturers of optics. Concurrently, the US military has been mandated to adopt voluntary standards whenever they exist. This will speed the adoption of the ISO optical standards in the US. We will address some of the economic and practical implications of the development.","PeriodicalId":215557,"journal":{"name":"International Lens Design","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126019135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Design of High Performance Aplanatic Achromats For The Blue and Near Ultra-Violet Waveband","authors":"T. I. Al-Baho, R. Learner, J. Maxwell","doi":"10.1364/ild.1990.lwa5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.lwa5","url":null,"abstract":"Medium aperture thin achromatic aplanatic doublets manufactured from\u0000 optical glass offer a cost effective solution for some high performance applications [1].","PeriodicalId":215557,"journal":{"name":"International Lens Design","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123809916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Recent Development of Microoptics in Japan","authors":"K. Nishizawa","doi":"10.1364/ild.1990.ltha1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.ltha1","url":null,"abstract":"Great progress in optical fiber communications and optical sensing systems have been made, associated with the development of the new class of optical components like microoptic components.","PeriodicalId":215557,"journal":{"name":"International Lens Design","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115515929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication and Testing of X-Ray Lenses","authors":"N. Thomas, R. Bionta, K. Skulin, D. M. Makowiecki","doi":"10.1364/ild.1990.jwd2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.jwd2","url":null,"abstract":"Fresnel zone plates and phase plates were fabricated and tested with copper K-alpha X-rays (8 Kev, λ= 1.54 Å). Alternating layers of transparent and opaque materials are sputtered onto two substrates, sliced with a diamond or wire saw perpendicular to the coating, ground to a thin slab (~100 µm thick), and polished. The thin slabs are mounted in an X-ray test bed, illuminated with X-rays and scanned in the image plane with a detector and a moveable slit. The fabrication procedures and test results will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":215557,"journal":{"name":"International Lens Design","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124860393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fat Rays: A Synthesis of Physical and Geometrical Optics with Gaussian Beamlets","authors":"A. W. Greynolds","doi":"10.1364/ild.1990.lma2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.lma2","url":null,"abstract":"Optical systems are primarily designed and analyzed by tracing bundles of rays. These rays are actually discrete points on the geometrical wavefront propagating through the system. The local field amplitude is inversely proportional to the radius of curvature of the wavefront or the distance from a neighboring ray point. Since by definition diffraction effects are excluded from geometrical optics, the energy density is infinite at focus or, in general, on a caustic. These singularities can be removed if the rays are expanded into physical-optics beamlets which are solutions to at least the reduced (paraxial or parabolic) wave equation. The individual fields would then be finite and continuous everywhere, and their superposition would represent the cumulative effects of aberrations, interference, obscurations, and diffraction in the system. This \"fattening\" of the infinitesimal geometrical rays is analogous to \"thinning\" the infinite plane waves used in the Fourier transform solutions of physical optics.","PeriodicalId":215557,"journal":{"name":"International Lens Design","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125875420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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