Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence of blackleg and current preventive measures against outbreaks in the Canton of Bern.","authors":"L Käser, R Huber, S Häsler, S Kittl, B Vidondo, H Posthaus, I Cvitas","doi":"10.17236/sat00442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blackleg is an acute, lethal, infectious disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei. It affects mainly cattle and is characterized by severe necrohemorrhagic myositis and myocarditis. While the disease has caused substantial economic losses in the past, the number of diseased cattle has been decreasing in the last 30 years. Subsequently, the status of blackleg has been officially changed in Switzerland and the disease is no longer reportable since 2022. Considering the potential persistence of C. chauvoei spores in the environment, blackleg may however still be prevalent in certain areas of the Canton of Bern, an important and large agricultural region of Switzerland. In this study, we evaluated both the spatio-temporal distribution of blackleg from 1992-2023 and the currently implemented prophylactic measurements used by veterinarians in the risk areas of the Canton of Bern. Our results show that most of the cases occurred in areas still defined as risk areas by the Cantonal Veterinary Office, however some occurred in areas no longer listed as risk areas since 2020. In parallel, veterinarians reported suspected cases in recent years as well as a decreased acceptance of vaccination by farmers in risk areas. The combination of lack of blackleg monitoring, reduced disease awareness, decreasing willingness of farmers to vaccinate and the long environmental persistence of C. chauvoei spores represent a risk for reoccurrence of the disease. Veterinarians practicing in once affected areas, in the Canton of Bern and elsewhere in Switzerland, should be aware of this and act accordingly once blackleg outbreaks are suspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 1","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The housing of cow and calf: An overview of barn design, management and behaviour in cow-calf housing systems.","authors":"C Gessenhardt, A Steiner, C Rufener","doi":"10.17236/sat00443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The number of farms in Switzerland with suckler cow and dairy dam-calf contact housing systems is increasing, but basic knowledge on the needs and behaviours of cattle under these systems is lacking. This study offers an overview of cow-calf housing and management systems in Switzerland to provide insight into cows and calves' behaviour and use of barns' functional areas and to identify potentially problematic aspects of animal welfare within these systems. A total of 39 suckler cow farms and six farms with dairy dam-calf contact in Switzerland were each visited once. Welfare-relevant aspects of barn construction were measured, and the farmers on each farm were surveyed regarding their management and experiences. Animal behavioural observations were made using scan sampling (18 times every 10 minutes over a 3-hour time span) to analyse the animals' distribution and use of a barn's functional areas. Considerable farm-specific variance was found in how the farms managed and housed their livestock. About half the farms had drinking troughs over 60 cm in height, wich raised questions about the ability of these farms' young calves to access water. All farms had installed lying areas for calves, which varied in size, number and location. In the systems with a calf creep area separated from the lying area, the number of cows lying during observation was 10 % less (n = 11; 34,5 %) than the number of cows lying in the systems with a calf creep area in front of the cubicles (n = 13; 44,6 %; p = .063). The calves used the separate calf creep areas for lying (30,0 %) less than they used the calf creep areas in front of the cubicles (41,4 %; p = .001). This study does not provide a complete picture of cow-calf housing in Switzerland but contributes to the generation of new research questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 1","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A vertical study on the prevalence and clinical symptoms of canine pruritic dermatoses in Switzerland.","authors":"S Brem, L Antoine, E Maina, C Favrot","doi":"10.17236/sat00441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Very little is known about the prevalence of pruritic diseases in dogs in general and central Europe in particular. Therefore, the goal of this study was (i) to carry out a vertical prevalence study on pruritic diseases in dogs and (ii) to characterize the signalment, distribution of pruritus and secondary infections of atopic dogs in Switzerland. Seventeen veterinarians across Switzerland contributed to the study. All pruritic cases were collected in two cold and two warm months. A total of 743 cases were included. Canine atopic dermatitis was the most frequent diagnosis in this study (59,1 %), followed by otitis (26,1 %), pyoderma (22,6 %) and ectoparasites (7,1 %). French bulldog, West Highland White Terrier and American Staffordshire Terrier were overrepresented in the group with atopic dermatitis compared to the general study population. Middle aged (49,9 %), male (58,8 %) atopic dogs between 10 and 25 kg (42,6 %) were affected more frequent. The majority of dogs with atopic dermatitis (56 %) exhibited pruritus in the paws, followed by pinna/ear pruritus (48,1 %). In total 54,7 % of atopic dogs showed pyoderma, while 31,8 % had Malassezia dermatitis. Our study confirms the clinical impression of the vast majority of veterinary dermatologists, that atopic dermatitis is by far the most frequent cause of pruritus in dogs. An intriguing finding is the remarkably low prevalence of ectoparasitic conditions (7,1 %). Overall, this study highlights the significance of allergic skin diseases in the Swiss dog population.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 1","pages":"33-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and management of a more advanced stage of preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs without echocardiography.","authors":"M Baron Toaldo","doi":"10.17236/sat00438","DOIUrl":"10.17236/sat00438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cardiac disease in dogs. Appropriate diagnosis and staging can be performed by means of an echocardiographic examination. Early disease stages might be accompanied by valvular insufficiency and, in more advanced phases, by cardiac dilatation. A correct diagnosis of this preclinical phase and identification of cardiac enlargement should be carried out in order to advise appropriate medical treatment. When echocardiography is not available or declined by the dog's owners, alternative methods to identify the disease and predict clinically relevant cardiomegaly, can be performed. Among these, cardiac auscultation and assessment of heart murmur intensity, cardiac dimensions obtained by thoracic radiography, by means of vertebral heart size, and cardiac biomarkers, in particular N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), can be carried out as single tests or in combination, in order to identify dogs with increased risk of congestive heart failure, and needing an early treatment with pimobendan. In particular, a heart murmur intensity ≥3/6 (moderate or louder), a vertebral heart size ≥11,5 units obtained from a latero-lateral thoracic radiographic view, and plasma concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide value > 1100 pmol/l, are findings that might suggest presence of clinically relevant cardiomegaly with a good specificity. A practical algorithm to guide clinicians in managing dogs with suspicion of valvular disease has been created, starting from clinical examination, and using the aforementioned additional tests in order to advise the appropriate controls and therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"166 12","pages":"619-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Retrospective study of the effectiveness of human tyrosinase vaccination in eight horses].","authors":"S Brunner, A E Fürst, M A Jackson","doi":"10.17236/sat00340","DOIUrl":"10.17236/sat00340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dermal melanoma is a common neoplastic disease in horses, which occurs particularly in gray horses. There are various local and systemic therapeutic approaches to treat this skin tumor. Vaccination with human tyrosinase, ONCEPT ® vaccine, is a newer type of systemic melanoma therapy. In this study, the effectiveness of this ONCEPT ® vaccine was retrospectively examined in eight treated horses. In half of the horses (4) a positive change in tumor growth in the sense of retardation, stagnation and, in one of these horses, even reduction in the size of the melanomas was observed. Of the remaining four horses, no change was found in three horses and an acceleration in growth was found in one horse. Half of the treated animals (4) showed side effects associated with the vaccine, three had mild and one moderate to severe side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"166 12","pages":"648-656"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management, health, and veterinary care of donkeys in Switzerland: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"J Schäfer, V Gerber, V Hungerbühler, S Schaefler, L Unger","doi":"10.17236/sat00439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Limited information currently exists concerning donkey husbandry and health in Switzerland. Within the framework of this study, Swiss donkey owners, veterinarians, and official veterinary offices were surveyed online to obtain information on current husbandry and feeding practices, health care, and status of Swiss donkeys and to clarify the need for further education in this area. A total of 705 owners with 1463 donkeys, 141 veterinarians, and 19 official veterinary offices were included in the study. Most owners kept their donkeys in run-in shelters (73,9 %) with access to pasture (98,3 %). Of all donkey owners, 42,7 % kept their donkey without direct contact with a conspecific. One in three donkeys (32,8 %) were reported to be overweight with age, breed, and certain husbandry conditions significantly associated to this condition. Only 15,9 % of all donkeys received regular preventive healthcare (including tetanus vaccination, deworming, routine preventive dental maintenance, and hoof trimming). Laminitis and hoof abscesses were among the most frequently observed diseases by owners (7,3 % and 12,1 %, respectively, based on individual animal observations), veterinarians (76,6 % and 68,1 %, respectively, based on an estimate of the frequency of the disease in the patient population) and official veterinary offices (63,2 % and 15,8 %, respectively, based on an estimate of the frequency of the disease on the farms inspected). In contrast, dental disease and asinine metabolic syndrome were less often reported by owners (2,5 % and 0,7 %, respectively) compared to veterinarians (56,7 % and 34,8 %, respectively) and official veterinary offices (26,3 % and 26,3 %, respectively), possibly due to underrecognition of these conditions by owners. Most donkey owners (54,0 %), veterinarians (85,1 %), and official veterinary offices (79,0 %) were interested in more education opportunities relating to donkey husbandry and medicine. Targeted education will be the most efficient way to raise awareness of species-appropriate husbandry and medical care and should be encouraged more in Switzerland.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"166 12","pages":"633-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Stress profile of veterinarians in Switzerland: Young + female + employed = stressed?]","authors":"R Müller, O J Glardon, M Scholz, P Müller, J Traversari, P Burger","doi":"10.17236/sat00436","DOIUrl":"10.17236/sat00436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The impairment of mental health among veterinary professionals has raised public awareness in recent years. The driving forces include a serious gap in veterinary services - with less available veterinary colleagues, especially in rural areas - and a general lack of veterinary graduates. This article presents the results of our first Swiss survey on psychological well-being in the veterinary profession. Our results are viewed both in the current context and in the context of developments that have already taken place in other medical disciplines. Results indicate higher levels of stress in veterinarians working as clinicians, in female colleagues, in veterinarians of younger age and veterinarians under employment. In the meantime, larger surveys such as the Vétos Entraide (https://vetos-entraide.com) were established in France and projects such as the Happy Vet project (https://happyvetproject.org) were launched in Switzerland for eg. the burnout prevention in the profession. However, the topic of «mental health» remains highly relevant in veterinary medicine and requires further research and measures, which should consider the identified predisposing factors, such as age and gender.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"166 11","pages":"573-581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-dependent haemogram and sex-dependent serum biochemistry values in semi-feral Konik horses.","authors":"J Thielebein, B Bartling, C Hönicke, M Schmicke","doi":"10.17236/sat00437","DOIUrl":"10.17236/sat00437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Semi-feral, free-roaming Konik polski horses are used in some European countries for preserving semi-open pasture landscapes. The estimation of their health status is still limited by insufficient data on various blood parameters. Therefore, our study aimed at the sex- and age-dependent analysis of haemogram and selected biochemistry parameters in healthy, semi-feral Koniks. In order to reach this aim, we took blood samples from 53 female and 18 male (8 uncastrated, 10 castrated) Koniks living in two Middle German nature reserves. They were of different age (9-266 months) and without signs of illness. Blood samples were analysed by an accredited laboratory. We identified age- but not sex-dependent changes in the white blood cell count (WBC). Higher age mainly caused a decrease in lymphocytes. Therefore, WBC correlated negatively and granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio positively with increasing age. Serum values of selected biochemical parameters did not depend on age but showed some sex-related differences. In this regard, serum total protein, triglyceride and the enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase and g-glutamyltransferase were higher in males than females. However, the sex dependency of these enzymatic activities was restricted to uncastrated males. They also showed higher serum values for calcium and selenium than castrated males or all females. As far as the respective group sizes permitted, we then calculated age- or sex-dependent reference interval values for all parameters analysed. These values improve now the estimation of the health status of semi-feral, free-roaming Konik horses and provide a stable basis for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"166 11","pages":"582-592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-Tenon's anesthesia in equine cataract surgery and vitrectomy: a retrospective case series (2018-2022).","authors":"O Kiesse, P Torgerson, S A Pot, S Stadler","doi":"10.17236/sat00435","DOIUrl":"10.17236/sat00435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A retrospective data analysis was performed on 17 eyes from 13 horses which underwent a sub-Tenon's injection to facilitate phacoemulsification or pars plana vitrectomy under general anesthesia between 2018 and 2022. All procedures were performed by the same veterinary ophthalmologist. Seven eyes received a sub-Tenon's dose of 7 ml lidocaine (XylocainÒ, 2 % lidocaine hydrochloride, Germany, Aspen Germany GmbH), and 10 eyes received 7 ml mepivacaine (MepinaestÒ purum 2 %, mepivacaine hydrochloride, Switzerland, Gebro Pharma GmbH). Statistical analysis compared onset and duration of globe centralization and pupil mydriasis between the two groups. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also assessed. Mepivacaine had a significantly later onset of action regarding globe centration and mydriasis (8,9 minutes vs. 6 minutes), but also a significantly longer duration of globe centration than lidocaine (31,5 minutes vs. 15,6 minutes). There were no statistically relevant differences between solutions regarding duration of pupil dilation (40,4 minutes for 2 % lidocaine vs. 69,2 minutes for 2 % mepivacaine). Chemosis occurred in all 17 eyes. Surgical complications included corneal epithelial defects (5), retinal detachment (5), lens opacification (5), temporary blindness during recovery (3) and glaucoma (2). Sub-Tenon's anesthesia is a feasible alternative to systemic neuromuscular blockade and retrobulbar block anesthesia for surgical procedures on the equine globe. A controlled prospective in vivo study is needed to further evaluate effects and risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"166 11","pages":"563-572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[BLIRD - a new genetic disease in Holstein cattle in Switzerland].","authors":"T Leuenberger, J P G Jacinto, F R Seefried, C Drögemüller","doi":"10.17236/sat00433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recently, a new hereditary disease, bovine lymphocyte intestinal retention defect (BLIRD), was discovered in Holstein cattle in France and is caused by a variant in the Integrin subunit beta 7 (ITGB7) gene. The altered cell adhesion molecule resulting from this point mutation is responsible for an impaired tissue of CD4 T lymphocytes from the blood to intestinal tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the allelic frequency of this deleterious variant in the local Holstein population and to clinically examine ten BLIRD-affected Holstein cattle from Switzerland in order to characterise the phenotype of this new hereditary disease, which is still unknown to the veterinary community. BLIRD was associated with severely impaired animal health in the rearing phase and significantly reduced animal welfare due to weakened immune defences, below-average development and recurrent diarrhoea. Further examinations revealed increased leucocyte values and a slightly increased average age at first calving. Affected homozygous animals are labelled internationally as BLIRD-carrier homozygous (LRS), BLIRD-carrier heterozygous (LRC) and BLIRD-free (LRF). An obvious inbreeding practice was clearly demonstrated by the pedigree analysis of the ten animals, which all trace back to the potential founder bull. Herein, BLIRD has been detected and described in Switzerland for the first time. The ITGB7 variant allele has a frequency of 2,1 % in the current Swiss Holstein population, which is below the level of the cholesterol deficiency (CD)-associated apolipoprotein B (APOB) variant allele with a frequency of 3,9 %. Although relatively rare, attention should be paid to the BLIRD genotype when mating in order to exclude further affected animals. In cattle with clinically suspected BLIRD, the diagnosis should be confirmed by genetic testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"166 10","pages":"511-518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142353114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}