Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology最新文献

{"title":"Obesity is associated with an improved cancer-specific survival, but an increased rate of postoperative complications after surgery for renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Ase J Rogde,&nbsp;Gigja Gudbrandsdottir,&nbsp;Karin M Hjelle,&nbsp;Kristoffer E Sand,&nbsp;Leif Bostad,&nbsp;Christian Beisland","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.678382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.678382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the impact of preoperative body mass index (BMI) on postoperative complications, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in patients operated for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 397 patients with BMI values, who underwent surgery for RCC between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2010. Obese patients (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)) were compared to non-obese patients (BMI < 30 kg/m(2)) in regard to CSS and OS. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for the multivariate survival analyses. The mean age of the patients was 62.1 years. There were 259 males (65%) and 325 patients (82%) were non-obese. Mean BMI was 26 kg/m(2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the total material, CSS was 94.7% for obese patients and 74.8% for non-obese patients (p = 0.06). The obese group had significantly better CSS in univariate analysis for presumed radically treated disease (pT1-3N0M0). Obesity was a significant protective prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. An accelerating protective effect for CSS was found with increasing levels of BMI. In regard to OS, no difference was found between the two groups. Obese patients had a significantly lower age, and a higher rate of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and incidental detection. Obese patients had a significantly higher total incidence of postoperative complications, but not surgery-related complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this material, increasing BMI was associated with improved CSS for presumed radically treated patients. However, obese patients had a higher total rate of postoperative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"348-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.678382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40181208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine colour after radical prostatectomy predicts urinary leakage at the vesicourethral anastomosis.","authors":"Gita M Schoeppler,&nbsp;Dirk Zaak,&nbsp;Petra Schuhmann,&nbsp;Christian G Stief,&nbsp;Alexander Buchner","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.689006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.689006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this investigation was to determine whether postoperative urine colour could be used as a predictor for the presence or absence of a urinary leakage at the vesicourethral anastomosis after open radical prostatectomy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this prospective study, the urine colour of 223 patients who underwent open radical prostatectomy due to histologically proven localized prostate cancer was assessed macroscopically and microscopically on postoperative day (POD) 6, 7 and 8. All patients underwent evaluation of perianastomotic extravasation by retrograde cystography on POD 8. Baseline characteristics included age; prostate-specific antigen; prostate volume; tumour, node, metastasis classification; and Gleason score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The urine colour was a highly significant predictor for perianastomotic extravasation in cystography when it was red on POD 6, 7 and 8. The sensitivity and specificity of urine colour as a predictor for extravasation were 71.4% and 83.2% on POD 6, 71.4% and 85.8% on POD 7, and 81.8% and 90.9% on POD 8, respectively, with a clear or slightly ensanguined urine colour. The negative and positive predictive values were 98.6% and 81.8%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A cystography can be omitted if the patient demonstrates a clear urine colour on POD 8, without an increased risk of missing a perianastomotic extravasation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 5","pages":"337-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.689006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30627580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of kidney diseases and patterns of glomerular disease based on a 10-year kidney biopsy material: a retrospective single-centre analysis in Estonia.","authors":"Zivile Riispere,&nbsp;Mai Ots-Rosenberg","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.693133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.693133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Kidney biopsy is an important diagnostic tool in assessing glomerular damage. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of glomerular disease during the past decade at a single centre, to assess potential changes in the structure of primary glomerulopathies over time, and to define gender- and age-related differences.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 578 consecutive native kidney biopsies during the period 2000-2010 was retrospectively reviewed at Tartu University Hospital, Estonia. Biopsies were evaluated according to clinical data with standard histological methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients' mean age was 39.9 ± 17.9 (range 4-87) years. Less than half of informative kidney biopsies (n = 547) comprised primary glomerulopathies (45.4%), the patients' mean age was 38.7 ± 17.7 (4-79) years and the predominant group comprised male patients. Secondary glomerulopathies made up 22.3%, tubulointerstitial diseases 8.2% and other conditions 24.1%. Among primary glomerulopathies, inflammatory damage to glomeruli dominated (63.4%), whereas immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy was the most common disease (35.5%). Non-inflammatory diseases of glomeruli made up 34.6%, among which the most common was focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (16.1%), followed by minimal change disease (14.1%). Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was a rare form of glomerular damage among primary glomerulopathies (7.7%). Comparison between male and female cases in the primary glomerulopathies group revealed a statistically significant difference in their frequency (p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inflammatory glomerulopathies mostly prevailed in the spectrum of primary glomerulopathies. IgA nephropathy was the most common glomerulopathy. Comparing the data with those from a 15-year earlier period at the same centre, a change towards non-inflammatory glomerulopathies was noticed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 5","pages":"389-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.693133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30711490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics differ considerably between phenotypes of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis.","authors":"Yr Logadottir,&nbsp;Magnus Fall,&nbsp;Christina Kåbjörn-Gustafsson,&nbsp;Ralph Peeker","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.689008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.689008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is one of the most bothersome conditions in urological practice. This syndrome includes a heterogeneous collection of underlying pathological conditions. Compared to the classic IC with a Hunner lesion, now denominated European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis (ESSIC) type 3C, the non-Hunner type of BPS/IC appears different concerning demographic, endoscopic and histological findings, as well as the response to all forms of treatment. The objective of this study was to determine whether there are additional dissimilarities in clinical presentation between the main phenotypes of BPS/IC.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In total, 393 BPS/IC patients (210 type 3C and 183 non-Hunner), diagnosed according to National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and ESSIC criteria, were studied by surveying the clinical records including micturition diaries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this clinical material, BPS/IC ESSIC type 3C accounted for 55% of cases. Patients with non-Hunner disease were on average 20 years younger at the time of diagnosis. Furthermore, there was a marked and significant difference in bladder capacity under general anaesthesia (p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings in the present series, together with previously published reports by this group and by others, confirm the striking differences between the main forms of BPS/IC and underline the indispensability of adequate subtyping in clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 5","pages":"365-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.689008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30627457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonic anhydrase IX as a specific biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma: comparative study of Western blot and immunohistochemistry and implications for diagnosis.","authors":"José M Giménez-Bachs,&nbsp;Antonio S Salinas-Sánchez,&nbsp;Leticia Serrano-Oviedo,&nbsp;Syong H Nam-Cha,&nbsp;Antonio Rubio-Del Campo,&nbsp;Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.685493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.685493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) using two different techniques to detect protein expression.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>An experimental, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted to analyse proteins in renal tumour and healthy tissue specimens from 38 consecutive patients who underwent nephrectomy for renal cancer. CA-IX protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis and quantified. Statistical analysis was performed with the positive and negative specific agreements and kappa coefficient. The sensitivity and specificity of both techniques were assessed. Statistical tests were conducted to analyse the association between CA-IX expression quantitation and normal prognosis factors (TNM stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade), only in CCRCC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean patient age was 65 years, 78.9% of patients were men and 57.9% of tumours were CCRCC. CA-IX protein expression was positive in 63.2% of tumours by immunohistochemistry and in 60.5% by Western blot. Both techniques detected CA-IX expression only in CCRCC and unclassifiable tumours. High concordance indices were observed for CCRCC diagnosis. Western blot and immunohistochemistry had a sensitivity of 95.5% and 100%, respectively; the specificity was 100% in both techniques. CA-IX expression quantitation did not correlate with tumour stage or Fuhrman nuclear grade.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immunochemistry and Western blot techniques can be used to detect abnormal CA-IX protein expression in CCRCC and to support morphology-based diagnostic techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 5","pages":"358-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.685493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30606424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasovasostomy and predictors of vasal patency: a systematic review.","authors":"Saad Elzanaty,&nbsp;Gert R Dohle","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.669790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.669790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>About 3-6% of vasectomized men requested vasectomy reversal, for various reasons. Vasal patency (VP) is an important surrogate outcome of vasectomy reversal. This article reviews the impact of surgical skills, surgical approaches, intraoperative vasal fluid characteristics and the length of obstructive interval on VP. Based on the best available evidence, the rate of patency is related to the operative frequency of the surgeons, with better results obtained by surgeons who perform the operations at least 10 times annually. Microsurgical vasovasostomy is the preferred technique for durable good results. One-layer vasovasostomy and two-layer vasovasostomy seem to be equal with regard to VP. The rate of patency following vasovasostomy in the convoluted vas and vasovasostomy in the straight vas is comparable. The patency rate is high in men with clear intraoperative vasal fluid in at least one vas. VP is still high among patients with a long obstructive interval. In conclusion, surgical skills and intraoperative vasal fluid characteristics are the most important predictors of VP. Postoperative semen quality and the age of the female partner determine the chance of spontaneous conception in these couples.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 4","pages":"241-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.669790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30532380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid T-cell-based immunodiagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis in a peritoneal dialysis patient.","authors":"Catharina Müller,&nbsp;Heidemarie Puttinger,&nbsp;Wolfgang Winnicki,&nbsp;Heide-Maria Winkler,&nbsp;Andreas Vychytil,&nbsp;Stefan Winkler","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.659206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.659206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculous peritonitis is a rare complication during peritoneal dialysis (PD). This report presents the case of a patient with clinical signs and symptoms indicative of bacterial peritonitis, but without culture growth of conventional bacteria or fungi. Cytokine flow cytometry after overnight stimulation of cells from peripheral blood and the peritoneal dialysate with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific antigens revealed a 40-fold increase in MTB-specific CD4 + T cells expressing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in peritoneal fluid compared with blood, which was indicative of active tuberculosis (TB). The presence of TB was later confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and growth of MTB in culture of the dialysate. The case illustrates the usefulness of MTB-specific immunodiagnosis for the rapid identification of peritoneal TB in PD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 4","pages":"314-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.659206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30463037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stone area and volume are correlated with operative time for cystolithotripsy for bladder calculi using a holmium: yttrium garnet laser.","authors":"Takashi Kawahara,&nbsp;Hiroki Ito,&nbsp;Hideyuki Terao,&nbsp;Takehiko Ogawa,&nbsp;Hiroji Uemura,&nbsp;Yoshinobu Kubota,&nbsp;Junichi Matsuzaki","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.672456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.672456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the correlation between the operation time and the stone size as determined by multiple modalities and the computed tomography (CT) densities of bladder calculi using holmium: yttrium garnet (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 68 patients underwent cystolithotripsy from March 2010 to October 2011. Thirty-six of these patients underwent cystolithotripsy using a Ho:YAG laser for bladder calculi by a single surgeon. The stone size was assessed by six modalities: sum of the stones' diameters: stone burden; maximum stone's diameter; number of stones; sum of the area using axial CT; sum of area using kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) films; and volume using CT. In addition, the stone's CT density was measured by: the mean CT density of the maximum stone's whole area; maximum CT density of the maximum stone's whole area; and mean CT density of the maximum stone's center area. Correlations between the operation time and the stone size and the stone CT density were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 patients (30 male and six female) who underwent cystolithotripsy using a Ho:YAG laser for bladder calculi were enrolled in this study. Spearman correlation showed that the area and volume were strongly correlated with the operative time. The multipliers between the stone size and stone CT density showed no advantages based on the stone area or volume alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The area and volume of the stones correlated more closely with the operation time than the stone burden for bladder calculi lithotripsy using a Ho:YAG laser.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 4","pages":"298-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.672456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30533092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ankle brachial index is a valuable index of the severity of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.","authors":"Yi-Qun Xie,&nbsp;Ping Zhang,&nbsp;Hong-Bo Deng","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2011.651745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2011.651745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the ankle brachial index (ABI) and the severity of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In total, 138 patients with a complete clinical record were enrolled in this study. The severity of ARAS was judged by renal artery angiography and the ABI was measured according to the method recommended by the American Heart Association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic renal dysfunction and hyperlipidaemia were significantly increased in the ARAS group (p < 0.05 or 0.01), and the ARAS patients were significantly older than the non-ARAS patients (p < 0.05). There were 31 cases of mild renal artery stenosis, 26 of midrange stenosis, 14 of severe stenosis and 16 of bilateral stenosis. In total, 104 cases had a normal ABI, while 34 cases had an abnormal ABI (≤0.9). Abnormal ABI values were not significantly correlated with mild ARAS, but the abnormal ABI value in patients with midrange and severe ARAS was approximately four times the normal ABI in these patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ABI is a valuable predictive index of midrange to severe ARAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":"46 4","pages":"310-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2011.651745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30391416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro evaluation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals influenced by Costus igneus aqueous extract.","authors":"Manjula Kesavan,&nbsp;Rajendran Kaliaperumal,&nbsp;Eevera Tamilmani,&nbsp;Kumaran Shanmugam","doi":"10.3109/00365599.2012.669792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365599.2012.669792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals are frequently found in urinary calculi (stones).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>COM crystals were grown by the single diffusion gel growth technique and the inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and rhizome of Costus igneus on the growth of COM crystals were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With an increase in the concentration of aqueous extract of C. igneus, the weight of the formed crystals was gradually reduced from 2.15 to 0.07 g(leaves), 0.06 g (rhizome) and 0.03 g (stem). The crystals harvested from the COM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm the functional groups and powder X-ray diffraction analyses to confirm the crystalline phases of COM crystals. A scanning electron microscopy study confirmed that the morphology of the crystals changed from hexagonal (COM) to bipyramids of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirms that using aqueous extracts of stem and rhizome of C. igneus can promote the formation of COD crystals and reduce the nucleation rate of COM crystals, a major component of calcium urinary stones.</p>","PeriodicalId":21543,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","volume":" ","pages":"290-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365599.2012.669792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40192809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}