Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Impact of hepcidin antimicrobial peptide on iron overload in tuberculosis patients.","authors":"Mina Javaheri-Kermani,&nbsp;Touraj Farazmandfar,&nbsp;Abolghasem Ajami,&nbsp;Yaghoub Yazdani","doi":"10.3109/00365548.2014.929736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.929736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iron acquisition is essential for the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hepcidin is known as an antimicrobial peptide and a component of the innate immune response. Hepcidin inhibits M. tuberculosis growth in vitro. In this study, we decided to identify -582A> G variants of the HAMP promoter in patients with tuberculosis (TB) and investigate its effect on serum iron, ferritin, and hepcidin levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample population consisted of 105 patients with TB and 104 healthy individuals. The -582A> G polymorphism was genotyped using a tetra-primers PCR set. Serum levels of hepcidin were determined using an ELISA kit. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The G allele is meaningfully associated with TB disease (95% confidence interval = 2-4.8, p < 0.000). Significant differences were seen in the levels of serum iron and hepcidin but not ferritin between the -582A>G polymorphism genotypes. There was significant reverse correlation between hepcidin and iron (r = -0.849, p = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high association was found between serum hepcidin levels and the HAMP -582A> G variants in patients with TB. These observations indicate a hypothetical role of this polymorphism in iron metabolism. Hepcidin could perhaps be an option for the treatment of TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":21541,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 10","pages":"693-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365548.2014.929736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32594641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weekly chlorhexidine douche: does it reduce healthcare-associated bloodstream infections?","authors":"Derya Seyman,&nbsp;Nefise Oztoprak,&nbsp;Hande Berk,&nbsp;Filiz Kizilates,&nbsp;Mestan Emek","doi":"10.3109/00365548.2014.931597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.931597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Daily chlorhexidine (CHG) bathing has been used as a precaution to reduce the rate of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections (HA-BSI). The application frequency of CHG bathing remains unclear, this procedure has been implemented daily by this time. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of weekly whole-body douche with CHG shower gel on rates of HA-BSI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective intervention trial in medical, surgical, and anesthesiology intensive care units (ICUs) in a tertiary teaching hospital from June 2011 to November 2012. This study included three periods. During the first period, patients received a daily bed bath by wiping with water and soap. In the second period patients were given a weekly douche with water and soap; in the third period patients were given a weekly douche with CHG shower gel. The rates of HA-BSI were compared between the three periods using Poisson regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The central line-associated bloodstream infection rates did not decline significantly between periods (p = 0.76). The laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (LCBSI) rates in the first, second, and third periods were 7.1, 4, and 1.7, respectively. The LCBSI rates were reduced 43.7% from the first period to the second period (p = 0.03). In addition, there was a 57.5% reduction in LCBSI rates between the second and third periods (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the major decline (76.1%) was determined from the first to the third period (p < 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Weekly douche with CHG shower gel significantly reduced LCBSI rates. Further studies are needed to validate the clinical impact of different intervals of CHG bathing.</p>","PeriodicalId":21541,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 10","pages":"697-703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365548.2014.931597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32594639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of PCR-RFLP coa gene for clonal classification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in tertiary hospitals.","authors":"María González-Domínguez,&nbsp;Carmen Potel,&nbsp;Cristina Seral,&nbsp;Lucía Constenla,&nbsp;F Javier Castillo,&nbsp;Maximiliano Alvarez","doi":"10.3109/00365548.2014.929735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.929735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One hundred and one methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates were classified into 10 genotypes based on their polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) coa pattern. PCR-RFLP coa patterns correlated with the clonal complex (CC) with the exception of CC5, which was related to 2 patterns (B and E). The PCR-RFLP coa gene technique provides a useful preliminary method to monitor variations in MRSA populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21541,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 10","pages":"719-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365548.2014.929735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32594644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing for hepatitis B virus and HIV in patients with chronic hepatitis C: screening performance and outcome.","authors":"Maria Bolther,&nbsp;Lars Skov Dalgaard,&nbsp;Lena Hagelskjaer Kristensen,&nbsp;Britta Damgaard Tarp,&nbsp;Søren Jensen-Fangel","doi":"10.3109/00365548.2014.929734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.929734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for progression of liver disease. The aim of this study was to assess HBV and HIV screening performance and outcome in HCV patients followed at a Danish university hospital and affiliated regional outpatient clinics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HBV and HIV serology data were extracted from a quality assurance database for the assessment of screening performance in patients diagnosed with chronic HCV infection during the period 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2011. Patients with incomplete and missing serology data had complementary serology tests performed to assess the prevalence of HBV and HIV co-infection and HBV immune status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 624 HCV patients, 10 (2%) were co-infected with chronic HBV and 32 (5%) with HIV. Approximately half of the cohort were non-immune to HBV or had an unknown HBV serology status. Serology results consistent with resolved infection and HBV vaccination were found in 209 (33%) and 65 (10%) patients, respectively. During the 16-y observation period, HBV and HIV screening coverage at HCV diagnosis increased from 23% to 92% and from 38% to 80%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite improvements throughout the study period, HBV and HIV serology screening remained incomplete. The majority of patients were either HBV non-immune or had an unknown HBV serology status. These findings thus call for a more proactive screening approach as well as an improved HBV vaccination strategy for patients with chronic HCV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":21541,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 10","pages":"686-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365548.2014.929734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32595150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpes zoster meningoencephalitis complicated with peripheral vascular disease: an uncommon presentation of a common disease.","authors":"Trilochan Srivastava,&nbsp;Kadam Nagpal","doi":"10.3109/00365548.2014.926022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.926022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes zoster is reactivation of the varicella zoster virus that has remained dormant in the dorsal root ganglia since an earlier episode of chickenpox. Herpes zoster has variable clinical presentations, but meningo-encephalitis is not frequently encountered. There is growing evidence of both large and small vessel involvement in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, in contrast with the previous opinion that immunocompetent patients have vasculopathy in the large vessels while immunosuppressed patients have vasculopathy in the small vessels. We present the case of a patient in whom herpes zoster meningoencephalitis was complicated with multifocal vasculopathy with peripheral vascular disease; this is an unusual co-occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21541,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 10","pages":"716-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365548.2014.926022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32500093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colistin nephrotoxicity increases with age.","authors":"Ilker Inanc Balkan,&nbsp;Mustafa Dogan,&nbsp;Bulent Durdu,&nbsp;Ayse Batirel,&nbsp;Ismail N Hakyemez,&nbsp;Birsen Cetin,&nbsp;Oguz Karabay,&nbsp;Ibak Gonen,&nbsp;Ahmet Selim Ozkan,&nbsp;Sami Uzun,&nbsp;Muhammed Emin Demirkol,&nbsp;Sedat Akbas,&nbsp;Asiye Bahar Kacmaz,&nbsp;Sukru Aras,&nbsp;Ali Mert,&nbsp;Fehmi Tabak","doi":"10.3109/00365548.2014.926021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.926021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colistin (COL) has become the backbone of the treatment of infections due to extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacteria. The most common restriction to its use is acute kidney injury (AKI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate risk factors for new-onset AKI in patients receiving COL. The cohort consisted of 198 adults admitted to 9 referral hospitals between January 2010 and October 2012 and treated with intravenous COL for ≥ 72 h. Patients with no pre-existing kidney dysfunction were compared in terms of risk factors and outcomes of AKI graded according to the RIFLE criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 198 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 167 had no pre-existing kidney dysfunction; the mean patient age was 58.77 (± 18.98) y. Bloodstream infections (34.8%) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (32.3%) were the 2 most common indications for COL use. New-onset AKI developed in 46.1% of the patients, graded as risk (10%), injury (15%), and failure (21%). Patients with high Charlson co-morbidity index (CCI) scores (p = 0.001) and comparatively low initial glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimations (p < 0.001) were more likely to develop AKI, but older age (p = 0.001; odds ratio 5.199, 95% confidence interval 2.684-10.072) was the major predictor in the multivariate analysis. In-hospital recovery from AKI occurred in 58.1%, within a median of 7 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COL-induced nephrotoxicity occurred significantly more often in patients older than 60 y of age and was related to low initial GFR estimations and high CCI scores, which were basically determined by age.</p>","PeriodicalId":21541,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 10","pages":"678-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365548.2014.926021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32544466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with end-stage renal disease: a comparison with the general population.","authors":"Steffen Leth,&nbsp;Søren Jensen-Fangel,&nbsp;Lars Østergaard,&nbsp;Andreas Arendtsen Rostved,&nbsp;Bente Jespersen,&nbsp;Ole Schmeltz Søgaard","doi":"10.3109/00365548.2014.936492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.936492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data on occurrence and risk factors for pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are sparse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a nationwide population-based study assessing occurrence and risk factors for PCP among patients with ESRD and population controls over a 21-year period (1/1 1990 to 31/12 2010). Using Danish registry data, first-time diagnoses of PCP were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 13 296 adult patients with ESRD and 244 255 controls, yielding 63 560 and 2 223 660 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), respectively. Fifty-eight first-time diagnoses of PCP were recorded in the ESRD group. Forty-six episodes occurred among renal transplant recipients (RTx) and 12 among haemodialysis patients (HD), yielding incidence rates of 181 (136-242) and 43.1 (24.5-75.9) per 100 000 PYFU. Compared to population controls, we found incidence rate-ratios of 125.9 (78.4-204) among RTx and 29.9 (14.1-59.7) among HD patients. Risk factors for PCP in RTx were age 50-65 years, age > 65 years, diabetes, polycystic kidney disease and hypertensive kidney disease/nephrosclerosis with an IRR of 2.22 (1.14-4.31), 3.12 (1.35-7.21), 3.44 (1.16-10.2), 4.25 (1.55-11.7) and 3.87 (1.49-10.0), respectively, and more than 36 months of dialysis before transplantation with an IRR of 1.99 (1.03-3.84). Among RTx the risk of PCP was highest during the first 6 months post-transplantation and increased from the beginning (IR1990-94 = 111 (46.3-267) per 100 000 PYFU) towards the end of the study period (IR2005-10 = 299 (203-439)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PCP risk is substantial in RTx within the first 6 months of transplantation, emphasizing the potential benefit of prophylactic treatment in the early post-transplant period. Importantly, we identified subgroups within the RTx group that require more attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21541,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 10","pages":"704-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365548.2014.936492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32592541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST117 in Norwegian hospitals.","authors":"Kristin Hegstad,&nbsp;Jørn-Åge Longva,&nbsp;Reidar Hide,&nbsp;Bettina Aasnæs,&nbsp;Tracy M Lunde,&nbsp;Gunnar Skov Simonsen","doi":"10.3109/00365548.2014.923107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.923107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A linezolid-resistant, vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium strain was isolated from 3 patients who had not received linezolid. The first patient was hospitalized in the same hospitals and wards as the 2 following patients. The E. faecium isolates were resistant to linezolid (minimum inhibitory concentration 8-32 mg/l), ampicillin, and high levels of gentamicin. Resistance to linezolid was associated with a G2576T mutation in 23S rDNA. The cfr linezolid resistance gene was not detected. The 3 isolates showed identical DNA fingerprints by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, belonged to ST117, and harboured virulence genes esp, hyl, acm, efaAfm, srgA, ecbA, scm, pilA, pilB, and pstD typically associated with high-risk E. faecium genotypes. The linezolid-resistant E. faecium high-risk clone caused bacteraemia in the first 2 cancer patients and survived in the hospital environment for more than a year before appearing in the urethral catheter of the third patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":21541,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 10","pages":"712-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365548.2014.923107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32595146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misdiagnosed amoebiasis leading to liver abscess.","authors":"Małgorzata Sulima,&nbsp;Wojciech Wołyniec,&nbsp;Wacław Leszek Nahorski,&nbsp;Dariusz Zadrożny,&nbsp;Krystyna Witczak-Malinowska,&nbsp;Marcin Renke","doi":"10.3109/00365548.2014.931598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.931598","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21541,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 10","pages":"735-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365548.2014.931598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32595147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute fulminant hepatitis E virus genotype 3e infection: description of the first case in Europe.","authors":"Stefano Festa,&nbsp;Anna Rosa Garbuglia,&nbsp;Flavia Baccini,&nbsp;Francesco Panzuto,&nbsp;Maria Rosaria Capobianchi,&nbsp;Iolanda Santino,&nbsp;Flaminia Purchiaroni,&nbsp;Gianluigi Orgera,&nbsp;Gianfranco Delle Fave,&nbsp;Massimo Marignani","doi":"10.3109/00365548.2014.928417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2014.928417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most important causative agent of acute hepatitis in developing countries. The disease is usually characterized by a self-limiting, benign course. However, when particular conditions coexist (pregnancy, old age, pre-existing liver disease) it may run an unfavourable course. To date, 4 HEV genotypes have been described. Historically, in the Western world, HEV infection was considered a travel-related disease, however in the last 2 decades a great number of non-travel-related autochthonous cases have been described, more often related to genotype 3 or 4 and in the context of zoonosis. We report the case of an elderly Italian man with an acute fulminant HEV infection genotype 3e that developed in the context of pre-existing liver disease; this is the first case of an unfavourable outcome associated with subgenotype 3e. The potential pathogenicity of this subgenotype together with the influence of host-related risk factors are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21541,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 10","pages":"727-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/00365548.2014.928417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32595149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}