Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"IC - Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1319-562X(24)00068-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1319-562X(24)00068-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 103990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24000688/pdfft?md5=b21fde5d0fa5f1e5733ba85277389ae9&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24000688-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140543215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The implication of miR-200a and miR-132 expression and their correlations with NF-κB/TNF-alpha signaling in adults with diabetic nephropathy","authors":"Zienab Negeem ,&nbsp;Adel Abdel Moneim ,&nbsp;Basant Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Amr E. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Abeer M. Abd El-Hameed ,&nbsp;Areej A. Eskandrani ,&nbsp;Nabil A. Hasona","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>The primary factor causing chronic renal failure is diabetic nephropathy (DN) worldwide. However, the current biomarkers for DN have limited diagnostic utility. Thus, this work aimed to clarify the implications of microRNA-200a (miR-200a) and microRNA-132 (miR-132) and their correlation with NF-κB (nuclear factor- kappa beta), and, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor –alpha) signaling to identify biomarkers able to distinguish late-stage from early- stage DN.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifty healthy controls, and 271 type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients (166 male plus 105 female) were enrolled. Participants were stratified into seven groups according to along with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), healthy controls, diabetes without DN (G1), diabetes with mild renal impairment (G2), and four DN grades (G3a, G3b, G4, and G5).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to healthy controls, the DN groups exhibited linear increases in serum miR-200a, TNF-α, NF-κB, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and reductions in miR-132 serum expression. Among the patients, NF-κB and TNF-α produced a negative correlation with miR-132, while, positive correlation has been discovered with miR-200-a. The operating characteristic of the receiver curve (ROC), proved that, miR-200a also miR-132 had good diagnostic performance in distinguishing early from advanced DN.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>MiR-200a as well as miR-132 expression levels, and their correlations with NF-κB/TNF-alpha signaling, were able to differentiate between DN patients with lower eGFR, suggesting their utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 103975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24000536/pdfft?md5=c83c42b8da437e4a90cafd7c7543d442&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24000536-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140163418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in silico studies of the potential cytotoxic, antioxidant, and HMG CoA reductase inhibitory effects of chitin from Indonesia mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) shells","authors":"Inarah Fajriaty ,&nbsp;Irda Fidrianny ,&nbsp;Neng Fisheri Kurniati ,&nbsp;Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi ,&nbsp;Sarmila Hanim Mustafa ,&nbsp;I. Ketut Adnyana","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to characterize chitin extracted from Indonesia mangrove crab (<em>Scylla serrata</em>) shells, as well as to assess its <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxic, antioxidant, and HMG CoA reductase inhibitory potentials. <em>In silico</em> molecular docking, molecular dynamic, and ADMET prediction analyses were also carried out. Chitin was extracted from mangrove crab shells using deproteination and demineralization processes, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) characterization are then performed. The MTT method was further tested in a study of cell viability, while <em>in vitro</em> method was used to assess HMG CoA reductase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. The extracted chitin was found to have a moderate level of cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. <em>In vitro</em> studies showed that it has an IC₅₀ of 36,65 ± 0,082 μg/mL as an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, and decreased enzyme activity by 68.733 % at 100 μg/mL as a concentration. Furthermore, in the <em>in silico</em> study, chitin showed a strong affinity to several targets, including HMG CoA reductase, HMG synthase, LDL receptor, PPAR-alfa, and HCAR-2 with binding energies of −5.7; −5.8; −3.6; −5.6; −4.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Based on the ADMET properties, it had non-toxic molecules, which were absorbed and distributed across the blood-brain barrier. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation also showed that it remained stable in the active sites of HMG CoA reductase receptor for 100 ns. These results indicated that chitin from Indonesian mangrove crab shells can be used to develop more potent HMG CoA reductase inhibitor with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities for effective dyslipidemia therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 103964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24000421/pdfft?md5=56ccf2291ad2132459099da9cdef0979&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24000421-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140010692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Camel urine as a potential source of bioactive molecules showing their efficacy against pathogens: A systematic review","authors":"Ressmi Amina,&nbsp;Raqraq Habiba,&nbsp;Barguigua Abouddihaj","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Camels are highly suited for severe desert conditions and able to provide most of the natural products like urine, which has been used as alternative medicine to treat diverse infections and disorders. There is, however, a shortage and paucity of scientific reviews highlighting the antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral effects of camel urine. By better understanding its antimicrobial characteristics, our overarching aim is to provide an exhaustive overview of this valuable natural product by synthesizing and summarizing data on the efficacy of this biofluid and also describing the potential substances exhibiting antimicrobial properties. We searched three databases in order to point out relevant articles (Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar) until December 2022. Research articles of interest evaluating the antimicrobial effects of camel urine were selected. Overall, camel urine furnished promising antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria, namely <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (30 mm), <em>Bacillus cereus</em> (22 mm), <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (25 mm) and <em>Micrococcus luteus</em> (21 mm), as well as gram-negative bacteria, especially <em>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae,</em> and <em>Salmonella</em> spp., without forgetting its efficiency on <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> as well. The excretion also showed its potency against H1N1 virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Similarly, the camel urine featured strong antifungal activity against <em>Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus</em> and dermatophytes with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.625 μg/ml against <em>Trichophyton violaceum</em>, 2.5 μg/ml against <em>Microsporum canis</em> and 1.25 μg/ml against <em>Trichophyton rubrum</em> and <em>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</em>. This comprehensive review will be valuable for researchers interested in investigating the potential of camel urine in the development of novel broad-spectrum key molecules targeting a wide range of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 103966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24000445/pdfft?md5=c76b3c429a1c0d466b5fa3e05cae50d8&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24000445-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140011156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation–edaphic correlation and importance value index in himalayan ‘ecotone’ temperate conifer forest using the multivariate technique","authors":"F. Ali ,&nbsp;M. Zeb ,&nbsp;M. Amin ,&nbsp;M.N. Rajpar ,&nbsp;S. Hidayat ,&nbsp;W.R. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Himalayan ‘Ecotone’ temperate conifer forest is the cradle of life for human survival and wildlife existence. In spite of the importance of these areas, they have not been studied in depth. This study aimed to quantify the floristic structure, important value index (IVI), topographic and edaphic variables between 2019 and 2020 utilizing circular quadrant method (10 m x 10 m). The upper-storey layer consisted of 17 tree species belongs to 12 families and 9 orders. Middle-storey shrubs comprised of 23 species representing 14 families and 12 orders. A total of 43 species of herbs, grasses, and ferns were identified from the ground-storey layer, representing 25 families and 21 orders. Upper-storey vegetation structure was dominated by <em>Pinus roxburghii</em> (22.45 %) and middle-storey by <em>Dodonaea viscosa</em> (7.69 %). However, the ground layer vegetation was diverse in species composition (43 species) and distribution. The floral vegetation structure was encompassing of three floral communities which were diverse in IVI, such as, in Piro–Aial (Group 2), <em>Pinus roxburghii</em> (54.46 x 15.94) had the highest IVI value, followed by <em>Pinus wallichiana</em> (45.21 x 14.85) in Piwa–Quin (Group 3) and <em>Ailanthus altissima</em> (22.84 x 19.25) in Aial–Qugal (Group 1). However, the IVI values for <em>Aesculus indica</em>, <em>Celtis australis</em>, and <em>Quercus incana</em> in Aial–Qugal (Group 1) were not determined due to low detection rate. Nevertheless, eleven of these species showed 0 IVI values in Piro–Aial (Group 2) and Piwa–Quin (Group 3). CCA ordination biplot illustrated the significant differences among floral communities and its distribution, which impacted by temperature, rainfall, soil pH, altitude, and topographic features. Ward's agglomerative clustering finding reflected 'Ecotone' temperate conifer forest is rich and diverse floristic structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"31 5","pages":"Article 103983"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24000615/pdfft?md5=bf76c359178bc7ab0e437867aa3180a6&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24000615-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the crosstalk between inflammation and biofilm in chronic wound healing: Phytocompounds loaded bionanomaterials as therapeutics","authors":"Srivarshini Sankar,&nbsp;Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In terms of the economics and public health, chronic wounds exert a significant detrimental impact on the health care system. Bacterial infections, which cause the formation of highly resistant biofilms that elude standard antibiotics, are the main cause of chronic, non-healing wounds. Numerous studies have shown that phytochemicals are effective in treating a variety of diseases, and traditional medicinal plants often include important chemical groups such alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, terpenes, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, and fatty acids. These substances are essential for scavenging free radicals which helps in reducing inflammation, fending off infections, and hastening the healing of wounds. Bacterial species can survive in chronic wound conditions because biofilms employ quorum sensing as a communication technique which regulates the<!--> <!-->expression of virulence components. Fortunately, several phytochemicals have anti-QS characteristics that efficiently block QS pathways, prevent drug-resistant strains, and reduce biofilm development in chronic wounds. This review<!--> <!-->emphasizes the potential of phytocompounds as crucial agents for alleviating bacterial infections and promoting<!--> <!-->wound healing by reducing the inflammation in chronic wounds, exhibiting potential avenues for future therapeutic approaches to mitigate the healthcare burden provided by these challenging conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 103963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X2400041X/pdfft?md5=5453edf8ffc3ce76cb8ebc96d63e8ef7&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X2400041X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139942561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological risk assessment and resistome analysis from shotgun metagenomics of bovine colostrum microbiome","authors":"Muhammad Yasir ,&nbsp;Ibrahim A. Al-Zahrani ,&nbsp;Raees Khan ,&nbsp;Samah Abdullah Soliman ,&nbsp;Safaa A. Turkistani ,&nbsp;Maha Alawi ,&nbsp;Esam I. Azhar","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colostrum is known for its nutraceutical qualities, probiotic attributes, and health benefits. The aim of this study was to profile colostrum microbiome from bovine in rural sites of a developing country. The focus was on microbiological safety assessments and antimicrobial resistance, taking into account the risks linked with the consumption of raw colostrum. Shotgun sequencing was employed to analyze microbiome in raw buffalo and cow colostrum. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed increased inter and intra-variability within colostrum samples' microbiome from both livestock species. The colostrum microbiome was mainly comprised of bacteria, with over 90% abundance, whereas fungi and viruses were found in minor abundance. Known probiotic species, such as <em>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</em>, <em>Lactococcus lactis</em>, <em>Streptococcus thermophilus</em>, and <em>Lactobacillus paracasei</em>, were found in the colostrum samples. A relatively higher number of pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were identified in colostrum from both animals, including clinically significant bacteria like <em>Clostridium botulinum</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>. Binning retrieved 11 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), with three MAGs potentially representing novel species from the genera <em>Psychrobacter</em> and <em>Pantoea</em>. Notably, 175 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and variants were detected, with 55 of them common to both buffalo and cow colostrum metagenomes. These ARGs confer resistance against aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and peptide antibiotics. In conclusion, this study describes a thorough overview of microbial communities in buffalo and cow colostrum samples. It emphasizes the importance of hygienic processing and pasteurization in minimizing the potential transmission of harmful microorganisms linked to the consumption of colostrum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 103957"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24000354/pdfft?md5=35da16d6cfac71e6a7fa5bb613ff91a7&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24000354-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139908517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological Quality Assessment of Skin and Body care Cosmetics by using Challenge test","authors":"Fatimah M. Alshehrei","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cosmetic products may be exposed to microbial contamination during storage or transport, and to avoid the risk of microbial growth, manufacturers add preservative compounds as a protection for the product from spoilage. The Microbial Challenge test is a procedure to evaluate the preservative efficacy by challenging the product with testing microorganisms to determine the quality of preservation. In this study, thirty-two cosmetics products used for body and skin care were collected from markets and pharmacies in Mecca region, these products are subjected to microbiological analysis, results show that most samples are contaminated except six samples. Non contaminated samples were subjected to European Pharmacopeia 7.0 standards. Results show that two samples, foaming gel and body and face cream are failed to demonstrate the required microbiocidal effect against the <em>S.aureus</em> test species, results recorded 1.21 x 10⁵ and 6.80 x 10⁵ (CFU/ml) respectively at the second day of incubation, other products: shower gel, hand wash, body lotion and shampoo demonstrate that required microbiocidal effect against the test species during day 2, 7, 14 until day 28th. The microbial count number is less than 10 during all incubation periods. To prevent contamination in cosmetics, manufacturers are required to add a good preservative system to the products and examine them before sale. Due to the high percentage of microbial contamination in cosmetics in Mecca region and for consumers safety, this study is prepared.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 103965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24000433/pdfft?md5=e44b9b506c79d3b024163dbe87332b88&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24000433-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Oxalis latifolia and their antimicrobial potential against selected human pathogens","authors":"J.M. Hussein,&nbsp;H. Myovela,&nbsp;D.D. Tibuhwa","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endophytic fungi that inhabit medicinal plants are microbial resources renowned for having compounds analogous to those produced by their host plants. This study aimed to describe the diversity of endophytic fungi found in <em>Oxalis latifolia</em> Kunth. To better understand the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi found in the leaves of the medicinal plant <em>Oxalis latifolia</em>, we isolated and characterized endophytic by using both morphological and molecular methods employing ITS markers. The antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi against common human pathogens <em>Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> was also investigated. A Total of 16 endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from leaves and classified into five orders of Pezizomycotina based on the phylogenic analyses; <em>Xylariales</em> (56%)<em>, Diaporthales</em> (19%) <em>Sordariales</em> (6%)<em>, Glomerellales</em> (13%) and <em>Botryosphaeriales</em> (6%). The antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from fungal endophyte against <em>Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> revealed that three isolates; <em>N. aurantiaca, Phyllosticta capitalensis N. oryzae</em> were the most potent, while <em>Colletotrichum karstii</em> and <em>N. sphaerica</em> displayed no growth inhibition property against the tested organism. The diversity indices were calculated by using the Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, and Simpson indices. The diversity indices analysis revealed an abundance of species diversity, where the dominant species were <em>Nigrospora oryzae</em>, <em>N. sphaerica,</em> and <em>Colletotrichum karstii.</em> This study describes the diversity of endophytic fungi found in <em>O. latifolia</em> and emphasizes their potential as a source of novel bioactive compounds. More research on phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity is ongoing to correlate the traditional uses and scientific findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 103958"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24000366/pdfft?md5=e39fb7e1b2d6a091e7aba869da06557e&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24000366-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139883259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-silico characterization of GABAT protein found in gut-brain axis associated bacteria of healthy individuals and multiple sclerosis patients","authors":"Nadia Hussain ,&nbsp;Fatima Muccee","doi":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of neurons. There is evidence to suggest that level of a neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), due to the degradation by γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABAT), is reduced in certain areas of the brain in MS patients. MS is always accompanied by gut bacteria dysbiosis. In healthy individuals, <em>Faecalibacterium</em> sp. while in MS patients <em>A. calcoaceticus, Clostridium</em> sp. and <em>S. typhimurium</em> are found abundantly. Although all these microbes produce GABAT but only in MS patients this enzyme significantly degrades GABA.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Present study is an attempt to characterize the GABAT protein sequences of these bacteria.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>Sequences of GABAT protein were retrieved from Uniprot database. Sequences were analyzed by Protparam, Gneg-mPLoc, SOSUI, PFP-FunDSeqE, Pepwheel program, PROTEUS and Alphafold and SAVES servers, MEME suite and HDOCK server.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In healthy individuals gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bacteria, GABAT protein was present in inner-membrane with α helix content (61 and 62%) and β sheet content (5%), 4-helical cytokines functional domains. It has greater number of B-cell epitopes and more complex 3D configuration as compared to MS patients GIT bacterial enzymes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Present study might enable us to modify the GABAT encoding gene and enzyme through site-directed mutagenesis in pathogenic bacteria thus reducing their potential of causing MS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21540,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 103939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X24000172/pdfft?md5=61295ff536ef0816bfc5cd27efbbb888&pid=1-s2.0-S1319562X24000172-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139662007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}