Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019最新文献

{"title":"Study of the Annular Restriction Effect Caused by Magnetorheological Fluids in the Presence of a Magnetic Field","authors":"John Edwin Estrada-giraldo, G. Nielsen, B. Akbari","doi":"10.4043/29261-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29261-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) have their rheology modified in the presence of a magnetic field. The MRF consist of a base fluid, magnetizable particles, and a viscosifier that supports these particles. The magnetizable particles align in the direction of the magnetic field, creating a barrier, and thus modifying the rheology of the mixture. When a large enough magnetic field is applied to the MRF, the fluid's yield stress increases drastically in a matter of milliseconds. Due to this fluid response, a tunable back-pressure can be generated when the MRF's rheology is modified downhole with the use of a permanent magnet assembly as part of the BHA. One potential application of this technology is to facilitate drilling operations in narrower mud windows. As an analogy, the technology proposed in this paper works under the same principle of the conventional MPD systems, but with the additional capability of being able to apply a backpressure downhole where the magnetic assembly is located, and therefore only modifying the pressure below the tool location. As a result, abnormally pressured formations could be safely drilled without fracturing the formations above, due to the pressure profile above the magnetic assembly remaining unchanged.\u0000 As a proposed way to demonstrate this principle, the shear stress variation at different magnetic field intensities is evaluated for different samples of MRF in a special rotating bob rheometer equipped with an electromagnet. A higher magnetic field applied to the MRF produces a higher shear stress, and thus a larger pressure-drop. Upscaling this effect, some of these MRF samples were circulated in a large-scale flow-loop with two concentric pipes that resemble the drill pipe and the annulus. On the flow-loop, some electromagnets and permanent magnets were strategically located to apply a magnetic field to the circulating fluid. The pressure changes (back-pressure) along the system was monitored to evaluate the effect of the magnetorheological response on the pressure variation. As an additional application, a potential electromagnetic surface choke that \"activates\" the MRF could create a flow restriction, and therefore a back pressure. In that sense, this electromagnetic choke could provide a finer aperture of the choke when the magnetic field is modified accordingly and could be less susceptible to erosion of mechanical parts from solids contained in the mud.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121676166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of CO2 Foam EOR Processes: A Case Study from Lab-scale Model Fit to Field-Scale Development Planning","authors":"M. Izadi, P. Nguyen, H. Fleifel, Doris Ortiz Maestre, S. Kam","doi":"10.4043/29291-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29291-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lisama field, located in the eastern part of the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin in Colombia, was discovered in 1935 and estimated to hold approximately 0.25 billion STB of oil in place. Mainly consisting of two primary sandstone formations, the field moves gradually from the primary to the secondary and tertiary recovery methods. Injection of water and gas is considered as a possible solution in the next phase. This study performs a simulation study by using CMG STARS for a sector with an inverted 5-spot pattern to evaluate a wide range of development strategies for gas-water co-injection and foam treatments.\u0000 After performing reservoir simulations varying gas and liquid fractions (from 100% CO2 injection to 100% liquid injection) at four different levels of gas mobility reduction (mobility reduction factor (MRF) = 1, 10, 100, and 1000 for no foam, low-strength, intermediate-strength and high-strength foam, respectively), this simulation study reveals the following findings. First, compared to gas-water injection with no foams, injection of foams can improve cumulative oil recovery and sweep efficiency significantly. Such a tendency is observed consistently at three high, intermediate, and low total injection rates tested. Second, the use of sweep-efficiency contours as a function of injection foam quality (fg, or 1-fw) and MRF, at given total injection rate, provides a useful insight to understand graphically how effective an injection strategy can be. If an MRF-vs.-fg coreflood experimental data is imposed on the contour plot, the results can assist important business and technical decisions about optimum field development planning. Third, if certain constraints exist in the field, they can be mapped out on the sweep-efficiency contour map to predict how the optimum injection strategy should change. In addition, the simulation results show that this field of interest has gravity-dominant environments such that the injection at wetter condition, with or without foams, can be viewed as a better injection strategy in general to obtain higher oil recovery. The business decision, however, can have the injection condition skewed depending on the costs of supercritical CO2 and surfactant solutions.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122456364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Session 46 Phased Deepwater Field Developments - Pros and Cons of Phased Developments","authors":"Jon M. Duesund, A. Martinsen, Matthew Fitzsimmons","doi":"10.4043/29483-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29483-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In light of the deep industry downturn that started in 2014, there was a drastic reduction in the number of deepwater projects being sanctioned. Among the few projects that were sanctioned, many of them were tie-backs or smaller production facilities that potentially can be built out in phases. There are both pros and cons related to this trend of more phased and smaller developments and the purpose of this paper is to highlight these differences. We identify five pros and five cons. The pros are relatively intuitive, e.g. they lower the initial capex, payback period and overall project risk as you are committing fewer resources into the development project. On the other hand, the potential cons are less explicit and typically only visible longer term, including potentially lowering the long-term value creation, limiting the flexibility for future upside projects through e.g. increased/enhanced oil recovery (IOR/EOR) initiatives or tie-backs. By performing some sensitivities, it is possible to give examples where operators may miss some value creation by choosing phased and/or scaled down development solutions. We have looked at three project examples; Buckskin in the US Gulf of Mexico (GoM), Johan Castberg in the Norwegian Barents Sea and Liza offshore Guyana. For these three examples, the results of the sensitivity analysis suggest that overall value creation could have been increased 4-12% if the operators had chosen concepts with higher capacity. However, this increase is contingent on achiveving 20% savings on the capital expenditure (capex per boe) compared to the original concept. Additionally, these enlarged concepts would have created more risks, but from a subsurface and project execution point of view. As such, the pros may outweigh the cons of choosing a more phased and/or scaled down concepts for these examples. Nevertheless, it is important that the industry makes the proper assessments, including longer-term benefits, before making final investment decisions and not overlook potential value creation opportunities.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115458711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Study of Using Plasma Shock Wave for Rock Damage","authors":"Zhixiang Cai, Hui Zhang, Jun Li, Mao-lin Yang, Qing Yu, Jiadong Zheng, Liu Kerou","doi":"10.4043/29284-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29284-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Plasma shock wave (PSW) has been proven to be able to destroy rocks and improve the ROP for conventional rotary drilling. The aim of this paper is quantify the damage caused by PSW generated by different discharge energies, and to study the mechanism and characteristics of PSW damage to rocks.\u0000 The PSW has been extensively used in many areas, such as alternative fracturing. In the tests, the PSW reactor generated the electrohydraulic effect to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, which was sufficient to destroy the hardest rock. Firstly, the experiment was carried out using concretes instead of real rocks. Secondly, three types of discharge energy were used to generate PSW to damage samples. Finally, the amplitude attenuation coefficient (AAC), the damage variable and the drillability were used to quantitatively analyze the damage of the samples.\u0000 Experimental results showed that samples were impacted to produce many circular holes and cracks and the damage to samples increased as the energy increased. However, when the energy rose to a certain extent, there was a gradually decrease in the growth rate of damage. In addition, it was found that the AAC measured at different locations was different for the same sample, which indicated that the internal damage of a concrete sample produced by the PSW was anisotropic. Finally, the average drillability was improved after the sample was subjected to PSW impact.\u0000 The findings gained will help understand the mechanism by which the PSW destroys rocks It also provide some methods to quantitatively evaluate damage of rock.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131762068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simplified Four Phase Compositional Simulator for Asphaltene Evaluation","authors":"F. Al-ghanem, K. Jessen","doi":"10.4043/29419-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29419-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 One of the most promising Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods is CO2 injection. However, if the oil contains asphaltenes, CO2 injection may cause asphaltene precipitation and introduce production related challenges. Conventional three-phase (gas/oil/water) compositional simulators are unable to predict precipitation of asphaltenes and multiphase compositional simulators are required. The use of detailed multiphase equilibrium calculations is very CPU intensive and commercial simulation packages often employ a hybrid model that may not capture the true physics at play.\u0000 Conflicting findings have been reported from experimental and theoretical studies: Some studies show that Asphaltene deposition, due to CO2 injection, takes place near the injection well, while others have reported that asphaltene deposition occurs near the production well. True multiphase equilibrium calculations can be used to demonstrate that both findings are possible and that many factors will affect the deposition behavior. Accordingly, a general statement such as CO2 injection causes more asphaltene precipitation relative to hydrocarbon (HC) gas injection is not always true. This added complexity indicates the need for multiphase compositional simulation to delineate asphaltene deposition behavior and quantity.\u0000 In this work, we propose a four-phase compositional simulator (gas/oil/asphaltene/water) to predict the asphaltene precipitation during CO2 and HC gas injection processes. A new hybrid formulation, based on a simple table look-up approach, is introduced to replace detailed multiphase calculations (gas/oil/asphaltene) at a CPU requirement that is comparable to two-phase (gas/oil) equilibrium calculations. A range of simulation models/scenarios are presented to test and validate the new formulation against detailed multiphase compositional simulation, and we demonstrate an excellent agreement between the hybrid model and the full multiphase calculations.\u0000 The proposed approach is easy to implement in commercial tools and provides a path to allow for more detailed studies of asphaltene precipitation and related production challenges.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126254506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Sensitivity Modeling and Site Characterization","authors":"K. Guttenplan, M. Koopman, Daniel L. Belin","doi":"10.4043/29255-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29255-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This paper examines an environmental weighting tool developed for site assessment of New York offshore wind development and discusses future applications of sensitivity weighting for site identification and assessment as part of the development of other renewable energy projects across different geographic locations. As part of New York State's Offshore Wind Master Plan, Ecology and Environment, Inc. (E & E), with direction from New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), developed a weighted sensitivity model to evaluate the relative risk of developing offshore wind infrastructure. This relative risk assessment compared the potential impacts, or \"stressors,\" to selected biological marine resources, or \"receptors,\" from activities that may occur during the pre-construction, construction, and post-construction phases of offshore wind energy development off the coast of New York.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The overall approach was to first establish relative risk matrices by conducting a literature synthesis and risk assessment. These matrices characterized risk and potential impacts to each selected marine resource, incorporating vulnerability of the marine resource and probability of the impact. This approach differs from density-based risk assessments and allows for the comparison of risk associated with different phases of development. Based on the resultant risk assessment matrices, regulatory context, permitting requirements, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management recommendations, seasonality, and other relevant factors, sensitivity weight values were determined for the identified receptor groups for each phase of offshore wind development and applied using a weighted sum geospatial analysis model to produce maps of relative sensitivity throughout the state's area of analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The high-level sensitivity mapping analysis identified seasonal shifts in regions of relatively higher or lower sensitivity although certain regions showed consistent environmental sensitivity, such as the continental shelf slope and Hudson Canyon. Since the sensitivity weighting is a high-level analysis, it can be adapted to other types of projects, such as marine hydrokinetic turbines and wave generators.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This paper will discuss how changes in anticipated development activities and geographic shifts to other regions could affect the presence of stressors on marine resources and subsequent risk weighting assignments. It will also discuss how to add or remove other biological resources from the analysis and how to incorporate certain human resource data while presenting the potential outcomes of these changes. Due to the granularity of the input data, this analysis is not appropriate for fine scale site selection. It is also important to note that areas of higher sensitivity do not preclude development, but merely indicate higher sensitivity and greater risk for developers. Therefore, discussion will conclude with recommendations for generating the mo","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114212454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Casing Wear Estimation Without a Baseline Log - A Distorted Ellipse Methodology","authors":"Sharat V Chandrasekhar, J. Anjos, Leonardo E Frazão, Rosane C Bonelli, J. Percy, Cleidilson Moura dos Santos, Danilo Gasparetto, Lorena B Lima, N. Pilisi","doi":"10.4043/29390-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29390-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The estimation of casing wear from USIT or Caliper logs requires a proper evaluation of the shape of the tubular inner surface prior to casing wear. In the absence of a viable baseline log, this shape must be deduced through analytical means. Manufacturing deviations from perfect circularity result in eccentricity and ovality, so that the pre-wear shape is in general, elliptical in nature. Owing to the fact that a standard ellipse may not be adequate to capture this shape in all situations, an approach using a distorted and shifted ellipse is proposed. The shift from the geometrical centerline of the ellipse co-ordinates in order to capture the effect of improper centralisation of the logging tool.\u0000 The approach uses a least-squares minimisation technique to determine the distorted ellipse parameters such that the overall radial discrepancies between the pre- and post-wear shapes are minimised. A multi-pass approach wherein detected wear grooves are censored results in better predictions of the pre-wear shape as was determined from several validation test cases with known wear groove depths. The methodology was also applied to an actual USIT log with over 20,000 stations with 72 radial measurements at each station. The methodology also enables the detection of true locations of high wear from spurious ones. As proposed, the method is also capable of using either internal radius or wall thickness as the evaluation metric, and is stable in the presence of significant noise in the measurements.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125002221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion and Structural Integrity of Mud Pulse Telemetry Tools: Numerical Simulation and Field Studies","authors":"Elyyan Mohammad, Peng Yuan, Sami Muhammad, Hao Zhang, Xu Huang","doi":"10.4043/29566-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29566-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Deepwater exploration and production presents some of the industry's most complex challenges, requiring huge capital investment and long-term commitment. Subsea fields face exceptional challenges during drilling, cementing, and operations. Any downtime means project delay and lost production. Consequently, it is important to have real-time data from high-fidelity measurement-while-drilling (MWD) and logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools during drilling operations.\u0000 Mud pulse telemetry is a widely used method to transmit MWD and LWD data to the surface. Availability of this real-time data is important for the economic success of the drilling operation. Consequently, it is important to maintain operational telemetry systems that provide fast and reliable data rates for downhole drilling. However, telemetry system failure due to sand erosion can be costly and cause downtime and maintenance costs to the operators. Hence, there is a constant need for accurate prediction of the location and erosion rate of these downhole systems.\u0000 In this study, we build on our earlier work, where we presented a comprehensive investigation on erosion of mud pulse telemetry tools consisting of numerical simulations and field data. In the current work, we take the numerical analysis further: we predict the location of the high erosion rates and model equipment topological changes due to sand erosion and its impact to fluid flow. The importance of this step is to capture the effect of changing geometry on the erosion rate, enabling us to estimate the reliability of the tool accurately. In addition, we investigate the structural integrity of the tool and the effect that sand erosion has on it. Structural integrity analysis of the eroded tool geometry is performed using finite element analysis (FEA). For model validation, simulation results will be compared with erosion patterns from field tests.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129492156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of the Aqueous Stability Limit of Surfactant EOR Formulations","authors":"L. Chang, G. Pope","doi":"10.4043/29330-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29330-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A new structure-property model was developed to predict the aqueous stability limit of chemical EOR formulations from the surfactant and co-solvent structures. The coacervation of aqueous solutions is modeled in a way that is similar to that of phase transitions for microemulsions but excluding the effect of oil. In addition to modeling the effects of surfactant structure, co-solvent partitioning and structure, and the interactions of divalent cations with anionic head groups, the effect of polymer concentration and the interactions of surfactant lipophiles were modeled. A new aqueous stability dataset consisting of 858 aqueous stability experiments with various combinations of 121 surfactants (internal olefin sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alcohol alkoxy sulfate, and alcohol alkoxy carboxylate) and 19 co-solvents (alcohols and alcohol alkoxylates) was used for model development and cross validation. The structures of the surfactants and co-solvents in the new dataset include variations in the type of hydrophobe (carbon number, degree of branching, polydispersity, and aromaticity), number of alkoxylate groups (propylene oxide and ethylene oxide), and the type of head group. The structure-property models for the optimum salinity and optimum solubilization ratio (Chang et al., 2019) can be used with the new structure-property model for the aqueous stability limit to provide a useful guide to experimental testing programs for the development of chemical formulations for enhanced oil recovery and other similar applications requiring both low interfacial tension and aqueous stability.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131679041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Corrosion Mitigation Exploiting Glass Reinforced Epoxy Lined Tubulars in Offshore Producing & Injection Wells","authors":"Laurie S. Duthie, H. Al-Marri, Hussain Saiood, A. Lata, G. Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.4043/29266-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29266-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Corrosion in offshore well completions can lead to serious well integrity problems and costly workover operations. Although carbon steel is an ideal material for most completions, under certain conditions corrosion can attack and severely damage carbon steel equipment. Corrosion resistant alloys (CRA) are a good option but come with the considerable downside of very high cost. A relatively simple and cost effective approach to protect completion equipment against these corrosive elements is to line carbon steel completion tubulars with a non-metallic Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE). The GRE material properties provide excellent protection against a range of conditions including; highly corrosive fluids, erosive granular materials, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and acid treatments.\u0000 The GRE lined Carbon steel is capable of combatting a range of corrosive environments in oil producers, water injectors / supply wells, including water with high concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride and sulfates and oil with high levels of H2S and CO2. The steel tubing is protected from these unforgiving ecosystems by lining the inside of the tubing with one continuous GRE tube. To secure the GRE lining and to increase the strength, a cement is pumped down the narrow annulus between the GRE lining and tubing internal wall. This procedure is relatively simple with the resultant GRE lined tubing having exactly the same tubing strength properties as the bare tubing.\u0000 The primary method for detecting any well integrity problems with water injector wells are from determining high pressures in the tubing casing annulus (TCA). To date, all of the water injector wells installed with 7\" GRE lined tubing have remained integral with no indication of any corrosion. Several of the oil producer and water supply wells that were lined with GRE have subsequently been worked over to replace faulty equipment; primarily electrical submersible pumps (ESP's). Encouragingly, the condition of the recovered GRE tubing had suffered no corrosion, scaling or other degradation benefiting from the GRE protection.\u0000 The non-metallic GRE material is exceptionally robust with notable longevity and very resistant to any scale build-ups, leading to improved flow assurance. At the same time being tough enough to withstand any routine well intervention for logging, acid stimulation and other applications. The durable qualities and chemical characteristics of these non-metallic materials in downhole completions is likely to expand in the coming years, with increasing applications being found.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133028090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}