Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019最新文献

{"title":"Sand Control Completions for Raven Field in Egypt","authors":"T. Tahirov, Wael El-wakeel, G. Mohiuldin, K. Whaley, P. Jackson, Michael J. Olinger, Mohamed Mansour, Ibrahim Elshafaie","doi":"10.4043/29549-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29549-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents the results of design and field execution of sand control completions for Raven High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) gas field in Egypt. The reservoir contains stacked channel formation sands, that require sand control completions. The completions design is complicated due to combination of sand control and HPHT environment where industry has limited experience. The selected completions type was an Open Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP) with a pre-drilled liner. A series of lab testing has been conducted to design and qualify completions fluids. The lab test program included formation damage tests, shale stability tests under dynamic and static conditions, materials and fluids compatibility tests and others. The downhole completions hardware was specifically designed to allow effective displacement from oil based mud to completion brine fluid with subsequent gravel pack placement. The circulating gravel pack placement technique was selected using Cesium Formate brine as a gravel carrier fluid.\u0000 The field installation campaign of the selected completions method is currently underway with 4 wells already successfully being completed. All completed wells demonstrated excellent well performance results with very low completions skin. The well flow-back and test results exceeded expectations, indicating the entire reservoir sand was contributing to flow, demonstrated greater than predicted Productivity Index (PI) with minimal skin damage. Sand control integrity was achieved with full gravel pack efficiency.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114417756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downhole Data Analysis for Pressure-Pulse-Generating Tool Coupled with a Shock Tool","authors":"K. Trinh, Alamzeb Khan, Jake Riddel, I. Forster, Stephen Forrester","doi":"10.4043/29321-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29321-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 High levels of friction, especially in horizontal and extended-reach operations, can be a major concern during sliding or rotating. Friction increases drag, which increases the required torque and weight on bit (WOB), thereby reducing efficiency. Other related issues include excessive tool wear, lower rate of penetration (ROP), and poor directional control. There are several methods used by the industry to combat the torque and drag phenomenon, one of which is the use of a drilling agitator tool (DAT). A DAT is commonly used in extended lateral formations to improve weight transfer to the bit. The operational principal of the DAT is the production of a pressure pulse that causes a repetitive axial motion. A DAT consists of a pulse generator and displacement generator, also known as a shock tool (ST). The system ultimately produces axial oscillation in the drillstring, which helps reduce the effective frictional coefficient regardless of whether the string is sliding or rotating. The DATs are sometimes used in conjunction with standalone STs, which are placed in a remote location where the DAT displacements may be out of range. Standalone STs placed at the bottomhole assembly (BHA) also help isolate downhole dynamics, improving drilling efficiency.\u0000 The objective of this study is to see how a DAT and ST combination impacts drilling. Furthermore, a closer look is taken at the impact on the operational drilling efficiency of drillstrings with a DAT and standalone ST. These results are discussed in detail and supported by high-resolution data collected during drilling.\u0000 The information presented in this paper can be used to evaluate the performance of DAT and ST combinations, their impact on drilling performance, and their zone of effectiveness. The data analysis presented here also provides an in-depth look into the operation of a DAT and how the BHA below the DAT is impacted by its operation. This study takes data from a novel, small, self-contained tool located directly above and the DAT, ST, and the BHA. This tool measures axial vibration, internal pressure, temperature, and axial displacement, allowing a comparative assessment to be made and delivering information about drilling performance that is otherwise not available via conventional downhole measurement tools. This new measuring tool specializes in collecting high-speed data in memory mode and is dedicated to the analysis of the operation of the DATs.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115754031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Analysis of LiDAR, Wave Radar and Current Observations in the Gulf of Mexico","authors":"D. Mendelsohn, L. Zarate, K. Kurrus, P. Leung, Perry Ruth, Zwissler Cristina","doi":"10.4043/29475-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29475-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Shell Exploration & Production Co. has recently expanded their Metocean observation capacity on several oil and gas platforms in the Gulf of Mexico, to include both LiDAR wind profilers and microwave wave radars, in addition to existing ocean current profilers. To date more than a year's worth of data has been collected with the combined system, observing a wide range of meteorological and oceanographic conditions, representative of the region, including the passage of Hurricanes Harvey and Nate. LiDAR wind measurement system and the wave radar system technologies are relatively new to operational use, and continued verification of their robustness and accuracy is necessary. LiDAR wind speed and direction observations were correlated with microwave radar wave and current observations, and those in turn compared to the observations from a subsurface mounted acoustic wave and current system. The LiDAR, microwave radar, and acoustic system are located on three different tension leg platforms with a few kilometers of each other. The data correlated well, captured the extreme conditions experienced during the period analyzed, and it was found that the acoustic system was likely influenced by the TLP superstructure against which it was mounted.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124465964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Definition and Manufacture of a Seawater Compatible Surfactant for an Offshore Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery Pilot","authors":"T. E. King, M. J. Doll, L. A. Crom, J. Barnes, P. Kunkeler","doi":"10.4043/29343-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29343-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Experiences from a chemical supplier perspective are presented to define, optimize and manufacture a surfactant for use with seawater in an offshore enhanced oil recovery (EOR) test. This includes laboratory screening test results followed by quality control checks during manufacture. The surfactant concentrate was successfully manufactured, diluted with seawater, and injected as the main component of a surfactant-polymer (SP) formulation.\u0000 A branched C12,13-alcohol-7PO-sulfate surfactant was designed for use with seawater. Particular pH buffer chemicals were screened for inclusion with the manufactured surfactant concentrate to give compatibility with seawater. The optimization of the surfactant concentrate with buffer included tests to assure acceptable aqueous solubility, storage stability and rheology. A quality control protocol was used that included decision gates with the operator and key stakeholders.\u0000 Laboratory testing showed good aqueous solubility of the branched C12,13-alcohol-7PO-sulfate in seawater with about 3.5% TDS and 1800 ppm divalent ions (minor calcium and major magnesium ions). The pH buffer selected for this application gave a pH of 7 to 9 to: Prevent precipitation of Ca and Mg divalent cations that could otherwise lead to fluid injectivity issues, andKeep the pH stable and above 7 (preventing acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the sulfate group) for good storage stability of the surfactant concentrate from time of manufacture to time of use.\u0000 Ultimately, a 15% AM surfactant concentrate with Newtonian viscosity characteristics was manufactured and deployed due to transfer equipment handling requirements. However, for the future, concentrations of 70+% AM, also with Newtonian rheology, are possible for deployment.\u0000 Implementation of the surfactants in EOR to date has been largely restricted to onshore applications due to the challenges associated with offshore use. This paper provides a real-world example of the manufacture of a surfactant concentrate that was used in an offshore SP field project from the perspective from a chemical supplier. Information relating to the quality assurance and control during surfactant concentrate upscaling is also critical and included in this paper.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128770546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations and Modelling of Deep-Water Circulation in the Colombian Caribbean","authors":"S. Jaramillo, S. Morey, Y. Cardona, M. Guarín, Benjamin Williams","doi":"10.4043/29361-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29361-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the deep waters of the Colombian Caribbean in situ measurements of current speed and direction in the water column are scarce. To address this gap, we conducted a 1-year metocean field campaign that included the deployment of three instrumented moorings at 1400 m, 2160 m and 3675 m water depths. We present results from these new observations and from numerical modelling of the long-term circulation in the Colombian basin.\u0000 Moorings were designed to obtain current speed and direction through the full water column, with higher resolution near the surface and near the seabed. To examine the spatial variability of the observations, hydrographic measurements were conducted during deployment and service visits to the moorings. To better understand the deep-water dynamics of the region, two numerical models (NCOM and ROMS) were configured to simulate 20-years of circulation in the Colombian Caribbean.\u0000 Measurements at the northernmost and deepest mooring near the Guajira Peninsula record several anti-cyclonic eddies moving generally towards the west with speeds upwards of 1 m/s in the top 1000 m for periods of up to one month. Observations from 1000 m down to 3 m above the seabed at this deepest mooring are remarkably coherent in speed (~0.2 m/s) and direction (NNE). This mooring also recorded five events resembling topographic Rossby waves with periods of ~60 days and clear bottom current intensification. The upper circulation at the two moorings near the central Colombian Caribbean flows mainly towards the NE and presents several energetic episodes (maximum speeds ~1 m/s). Measurements at all sites show many eddies that are not confined to the near-surface layers but are submerged below 200 m with no clear connection to the upper circulation. Statistical comparison with HYCOM hindcast reanalysis data shows good agreement near the surface, but a rapid deterioration of model skill below 500 m depth. The two models configured to simulate the circulation inside the Colombian basin show good general skill, but still misrepresent some of the observed current features.\u0000 Our observations show that in the Colombian Caribbean, the northern region’s upper 1000 m are dominated by the NW-flowing Caribbean Current and the anti-cyclonic eddies entrained in it, while below 1000 m to near the seabed, circulation is controlled by a nearly vertically-uniform, deep current moving in the NNE direction. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this deep current system and its oscillations are reported. The central and southern regions are dominated by the variations of the Darien Countercurrent in the upper layers, and by flow-topography interactions near the seabed. Submerged eddies are common to all areas observed.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115107638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection of Critical Oil and Gas Infrastructure via the Skilful Prediction of Coastal Erosion at Short Lead Times","authors":"E. Steele, Mark S. Davidson, A. Saulter, N. Fournier, J. Upton","doi":"10.4043/29542-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4043/29542-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Accurate forecasts of coastal erosion are essential for the effective management (operation and protection) of critical infrastructure such as gas terminals and shallow-buried nearshore pipelines, preventing the costly losses of production associated with storm damage or exposure. Traditionally, these predictions were the preserve of computationally-expensive, morphodynamic simulations of the three-dimensional structure of the beach surface, however recent developments in reduced-complexity ‘equilibrium’ models have been shown to skilfully hindcast coastal change in cross-shore and long-shore transport dominated environments more accurately, over much longer time-scales. The simplicity and stability of these models – expressed as a function of the incident wave power and the relative equilibrium in dimensionless fall velocity – make them particularly appropriate for assessing the current ‘health’ of the coastline in actionable terms, while unlocking their potential use in forecast mode. Here, we present such a system, forced by data from the Met Office Wave Ensemble Prediction System, capable of providing real-time probabilistic forecasts of important coastal indices (e.g. beach volume and shoreline position) out to seven days ahead. The system is calibrated using an extended Kalman Filter and becomes more accurate over time as it assimilates more observational measurements. Once calibrated, tests on unseen data from the University of Plymouth coastal monitoring station at Perranporth, UK, during Winter 2017/18 confirm it can accurately predict the impact of an extreme storm sequence on coastal erosion and subsequent recovery. This promises the potential for a new coastal management tool, able to be applied to other vulnerable locations.","PeriodicalId":214691,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, May 09, 2019","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121153114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}