OCEANS 2007最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Biomimetic Fin Actuator using Electroconductive Polymer","authors":"K. Sugiyama, K. Ishii, K. Yamato, K. Kaneto","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449395","url":null,"abstract":"Precise motion control without mechanical noises is a technical issue on the operations of research vessels and underwater vehicles in order to observe creatures in actual. As a solution for the problem, we pay attentions to bio- mechanisms of underwater creatures, especially undulately fins being used for attitude control. Bio-mechanisms of creatures are adapted to environment as a result of evolution. If the motor control mechanisms of the creatures can be introduced into underwater robots, there is a possibility to realize a high performance actuator. In this research, we have been trying to develop a bio-inspired underwater actuator instead of screw propellers. As the material of the actuator, electroconductive polymer is used as an artificial muscle. We describe the concept of the developing actuator, behavior of water creatures, development of electroconductive polymer and the results of performance evaluation test of the developing electro conductive polymer.","PeriodicalId":214543,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2007","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127647787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea clutter measurement with airbone synthetic aperture radar","authors":"V. Gras, C. Sintes, R. Garello","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449370","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider the surface motion as an important factor governing behaviours of the sea clutter observed in SAR images. Therefore, we propose a model for SAR - acquisition of time varying scenes. Then we derive from this model the 2nd order statistical properties of an acquired scene in terms of a time - dependant reflectivity q. We also introduce the sea surface elevation and we complete the reflectivity description by applying small slope approximation (SSA) of the wave scattering from rough surface .","PeriodicalId":214543,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2007","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127881113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive acoustic detection of modulated underwater sounds from biological and anthropogenic sources","authors":"R. Stolkin, S. Radhakrishnan, A. Sutin, R. Rountree","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449200","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an algorithm for the automatic detection of a particular class of underwater sounds, using a single hydrophone. It is observed that many life-forms, systems or mechanisms emit distinctive acoustic signatures which are characterized by packets of relatively high frequency sound that are repeated at regular, low frequency intervals. These types of sounds are commonly produced by biological (e.g. fishes and invertebrates) and anthropogenic (e.g. scuba diver) sources. The algorithm exploits a simple feature, extracted from the raw hydrophone signal, which enables robust detection even in conditions of severe background noise. In order to demonstrate how the algorithm can be used, trial applications are presented for the detection of two different kinds of underwater sound source. First, the algorithm is applied to the problem of detecting soniferous fish sounds, showing that it is possible to robustly automate the detection of instances of cusk-eel presence in hydrophone recordings, thereby simplifying the arduous task of human monitoring of long sound recordings in marine biological research. Second, the algorithm is applied to the problem of automatic diver detection in a noisy urban estuary, demonstrating its potential for harbor security and fleet protection.","PeriodicalId":214543,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2007","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126202219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensor Repositioning to Improve Undersea Sensor Field Coverage","authors":"Z. Kone, E. Rowe, Thomas A. Wettergren","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449172","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for persistent underwater surveillance has led to a need to increase reliance on undersea distributed sensor networks for undersea target detection, classi fication and tracking. While tremendous progress has been made in the technology of small, relatively inexpensive sensors over the last decade, progress has lagged in the areas of sensor allocation and sensor management. How best to deploy and reposition sensors and small, unmanned vehicles (movable sensors) are important research questions that must be addressed to realize the intended use of these technologies. Realistic tactical sensor deployment scenarios do not provide the opportunity for a precise placement of sensors. Most likely, initial deployment will be somewhat random (e.g., deployment of sensors from a moving vessel). Additionally, sensors might have to be repositioned due to random sensor failure, degradation, drift due to ocean current or other environmental effects. While it is possible, through the use of geometric probability, to estimate of the coverage of randomly distributed sensor fields, optimum field coverage can only be obtained through the use of deterministic sensor positioning procedures. However, the initial randomly distributed sensor field can be used as a starting point for the optimal sensor placement. The same can be said for networks in which sensors have drifted out of position, experienced failures, or have (through random movement or collision) aggregated into clumps. Sensor redeployment might also be necessary due to changes in mission objectives. For example, improved intelligence might necessitate the need to reconfigure the network in order to detect the target of interest. This paper addresses various issues relating to repositioning of sensors in order to improve the coverage of the distributed sensor network. In addition to more traditional assignment algorithms, which minimize the total (equivalently, average) cost for moving all sensors, we consider various cost-based assignment techniques that aim to minimize maximal displacement. We argue that for some scenarios, especially small to moderate networks of sensors with limited fuel supply, the minimization of the maximal displacement is preferable to the solution of the more traditional assignment algorithm. The latter often produces results with relatively large costs for at least some of its assignments. This leads to diminished effectiveness over time for the sensor field. Since fuel supply is limited for these unmanned vehicles, we consider assignment procedures that will not deplete the vehicles' resources during the maneuvering phase. Finally, we compare the performance of several algorithms used to minimize the maximal cost associated with repositioning a field of movable sensors.","PeriodicalId":214543,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2007","volume":"373 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132247084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)","authors":"K. Narasimhan","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449154","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the need, the environment, and issues surrounding the development of a national U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). It also provides an overview of a solution to the U.S. IOOS based on a Service-Oriented Architecture that is consistent with the vision of an IOOS as articulated in the publications from Ocean.US.","PeriodicalId":214543,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2007","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134448020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optics Near the Snell Angle in a Water-to-Air Change of Medium","authors":"H. Suiter, N. Flacco, P. Carter, K. Tong, R. Ries, M. Gershenson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449337","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater imaging of the air environment is described with particular attention given to the optical problems of near- horizon viewing. These include severe chromatic aberration from transmission through the seawater wedge, the horizon distortion effect, and anisoplanatism resulting from the change of refractive aberrations in different areas of view. Various optical designs or schemes are presented that correct or relieve the first two optical problems. Strategies to minimize or attempt to view through the varying refraction of the surface are also suggested, and one is investigated.","PeriodicalId":214543,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2007","volume":"214 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133902383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operational performance of the second generation deep-ocean assessment and reporting of Tsunamis (DART trade II)","authors":"R. Bouchard, S. McArthur, W. Hansen, K. Kern, L. Locke","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449270","url":null,"abstract":"In March 2005, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) completed the transition from research to operations of the second generation of the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DARTtrade II). DARTtrade II systems are a part of NOAA's Tsunami Program, which is part of a cooperative effort to save lives and protect property through hazard assessment, warning guidance, mitigation, research capabilities, and international coordination. NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) is responsible for the overall execution of the Tsunami Program. Among its responsibilities under the Tsunami Program, NWS acquires, operates, and maintains observation systems required in support of tsunami warning, such as DARTtrade. NWS also supports observations and data management through the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). The DARTtrade II systems join NWS base stations, the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array, and the Coastal Marine Automated Network stations in the NOAA/NWS/NDBC Ocean Observing System of Systems (NOOSS). In the two years since being declared operational: ldr DARTtrade II systems have replaced all but three DARTtrade I systems, ldr DARTtrade network has expanded to 28 stations stretched across the Pacific and now into the North Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. ldr Three DARTtrade II systems have been provided to other countries to aid in their tsunami warning capability, ldr DARTtrade II systems provided estimated water-level information for the 2006 events in Tonga, Hawai'i, Kuril Islands, and Taiwan. In 2007, DARTtrade II systems provided observations for the Solomon Islands event and another Kuril Islands event. ldr DARTtrade II data availability for the standard mode observations have been more than 85% exceeding the target data availability goal of 80%. DARTtrade II provides increased capabilities over the DARTtrade I systems with the most significant improvement being the additional capability of bidirectional communications from NDBC or the Tsunami Warning Centers (TWCs) to the Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR) using the commercial Iridium satellite communications system. This capability allows the TWC to set a BPR in event mode and provide high-frequency (1-minute interval) estimated water-level observations and allows the retrieval of up to one hour of the highest frequency (15-second interval) original temperature and pressure counts that can be converted to estimated water-level observations. Furthermore bidirectional communications provides troubleshooting and diagnostic capability in real-time. During the two years since the operational debut of DARTtrade II, NOAA achieved significant accomplishments in data management, including the development of a Tsunami Data Management plan and the establishment of a 24x7 IOOS Data Assembly Center (DAC) at NDBC. The IOOS DAC continuously monitors the NOOSS, including DARTtrade systems, and facilitates the exchange of status information between NDBC and the TWCs. Imp","PeriodicalId":214543,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2007","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131730113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical overview of bistatic scattering wave from oceans surface","authors":"F. Comblet, A. Khenchaf","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449251","url":null,"abstract":"This paper interests in bistatic scattering wave from oceans surface. We present different scattering method for 2D random rough surfaces in bistatic configuration. The purpose is to study their validity for a particular surface: the ocean surface. The ocean surface characteristics are given to be introducing in the scattering method. Then, the validity and robustness of each method are studied for ocean surface applications.","PeriodicalId":214543,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2007","volume":"229 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131889985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SmartBay, Ireland: Design and Planning for a Cabled Ocean Observatory off the West coast of Ireland","authors":"J. Ryan, C. Nic Aonghusa, E. Sweeney","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449225","url":null,"abstract":"The SmartBay, Ireland, concept arose from contacts with representatives of other observatories and from ongoing strategic collaboration between Ireland and Newfoundland. It has been conceived as a catalytic infrastructure project to provide a Test and Demonstration platform for emerging technologies for marine monitoring. The backbone of this platform will be a fibre optic and power cable network linking seabed observation stations for real-time oceanographic, marine monitoring and other instruments. SmartBay features as a key initiative in SeaChange, the Irish Marine Research Programme, 2007-2013, and has been adopted as a specific measure in the Government's Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation.","PeriodicalId":214543,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2007","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132891716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Approach to Promoting An Interest in Marine Technology in British Columbia","authors":"T. Niet, A. Champion, J. G. Fourie","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449414","url":null,"abstract":"The Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology at the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) is developing an initiative to promote an interest in marine technology. The initiative involves students at three distinct levels: British Columbia high-school students, BCIT Technology Diploma students and BCIT Engineering Degree students. The high-school level of the project, the BCIT Underwater Discover Challenge, brings together high school students from around British Columbia to attend a two-day workshop to design, build and test an underwater ROV. This year on February 18th 30 students from five schools from across British Columbia attended the design and build workshop. By the end of that day all five school groups left with a nearly completed ROV that could be used to perform an underwater task. Over the next two weeks the students finalized their ROVs and, on March 3 at the BCIT Marine Campus, the students tested their designs and found out how challenging it is to successfully complete the underwater mission assigned to them. These students are encouraged to take the ROV they built to the regional MATE ROV competition [1] and this year one of the ROVs designed and built at the Underwater Discovery Challenge came in 3rd place at the MATE regional competition. The Technology Diploma level of the project involves one or more groups of students completing their diploma of Mechanical Engineering Technology at BCIT. Interested students work on the design and building of an Explorer class ROV for the MATE International ROV competition. If more than one group decided to participate a BCIT competition is held to determine which ROV design will be entered into the international competition. This year six BCIT students were involved in the project and traveled to St. John's, NL in June to compete. Many interesting ideas on how to capture algae and jellyfish, service a wellhead and thread a messenger line through an eye-bolt were discussed at the team meetings and an innovative ROV was developed for the task. The team had great success at the competition and received three honors including the Sharkpedo award for best engineering innovation on an ROV. The Engineering Degree level of the project, still under development, involves a team of BCIT Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering students and students from other departments who design and build an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for the AUVSI Autonomous Underwater Vehicle competition. Having all three levels of students involved in the design and building of different underwater vehicles allows BCIT to show students how a simple ROV built for a high-school challenge can lead the students to building a fully autonomous vehicle, thereby sparking an interest marine technology and showing the students a potential educational path towards a career in the marine industry. This year the BCIT ROV team volunteered at the high-school challenge and it was great to see the interaction between","PeriodicalId":214543,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2007","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133311949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}