Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie最新文献

{"title":"[Youth and cultural development].","authors":"M Erdheim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21430,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie","volume":"134 2","pages":"189-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17520997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Psychogenic psychoses].","authors":"T Haenel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term psychogenic or reactive psychosis is used to describe a psychotic state which is experience-related and triggered by a precipitating event. Experimental studies have confirmed that under total sensory deprivation man responds by exhibiting psychotic reactions within a short time. Emotion psychoses, brief reactive psychoses are psychotic reactions due to an emotional shock. They usually go beyond the usual pathological psychoreactions in terms of quality, intensity and duration. Emotion psychoses show schizophrenia-like symptoms; the duration of illness varies from a few hours to several weeks. Emotion psychoses are observed in other cultural groups, too. Two case reports are mentioned. The differential diagnosis of emotion psychoses, of psychotic reactions induced by extreme situations, and the question whether chronic psychoses may have psychogenic causes, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21430,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie","volume":"135 2","pages":"299-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17578745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Reconsideration of prevention in mental health in post-industrial society/culture].","authors":"D C Samitca","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paradigmatic shift in medicine and in psychiatry (the introduction of the bio-psycho-social model) as well as its interaction with certain aspects of the postindustrial society influence both the theory and practice of mental health prevention. The targets of prevention are high risk situations which are defined according to empirical and theoretical criteria. New preventive technics in line with the above mentioned aspects are described. The great importance of adequate education of those who are taking part in mental health prevention is stressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21430,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie","volume":"135 2","pages":"321-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17578747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Catamnestic study of 76 cases of heroin addiction among young adults (5 to 12 year follow-up)].","authors":"D Pauchard,&nbsp;A Calanca","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A group of 76 narcotic addicts (53 male, 23 female) first admitted to the \"Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire\", Lausanne, between January 1970 and December 1977 were followed up 5 to 12 years later. The average age of first admission was 21,82; the average age of narcotic addition, 19. Over the period, 5.3% died - half directly from their addiction, half by suicide. In 1982 the status of 14,5% was uncertain. Only 13,2% were still known to be using drugs whereas 21% were under treatment (methadone maintenance program: 17,1%) and 2,6% in prison. Thirty-three subjects (43,4%) have achieved stable abstinence, i.e. haven't been using any opioid drug for 5 months before follow-up. Findings on employment and marital status indicated a satisfactory social adjustment for a majority of subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21430,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie","volume":"133 2","pages":"321-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17723957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The search for meaning--the subject and freedom, a psychoanalytic contribution].","authors":"W Loch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behaviour or symptoms of neurotic nature are characterized as actions provided we succeed in uncovering their \"secret motives\" by construction or reconstruction. I. e. we may say insofar we succeed in describing the \"whither\", the \"what for\" (S. Freud), to which necessarily belongs \"from where\" (s. Freud, 1916/17, p. 284, 277) we find sense in nonsense. We also say, that sense already was in existence insofar defense mechanisms were operating preventing its overt expression. But we say sense and rationality have been constituted insofar something, which has never been translated into conscienceness, was raised to the level of language. Both processes take place during the psycho-analytic situation. The following preconditions are apparently necessary for their realization: a) the experience of the acknowledgement of a basic drive-wish by the therapist. This event has the character of evidential nature and as to this is in itself preverbal. Nevertheless we need a verbal phrasing of the corresponding interaction and the accompanying emotion in order that both may be included into the executive power of the ego, i.e. the subject. The strict obedience to the rules of a setting which bind both, patient and therapist at the same time. Because of this a firm basis exists which cannot be doubted. It forms the common background object (J. Grotstein) by which and through which both partners of the dialogue may be \"at-one\" with one another and to which they may also return insofar further developmental events of their interactional process produce alienations and is pushing them to turn to different external objects. Insofar processes as just alluded to take place, the subject is predicated in a play of argumentated reasoning. And if secret motives and hidden reasons concerning the presented modality of the subject's actions are understood, the subject itself realizes, that it has its origin not in its products but in a negation, in a \"zero\" position which in itself is a equivalent of freedom. In order that interpretative work in the service of the aims just mentioned may become possible, there are some other preconditions to be fulfilled by the therapist: a) the attitude of \"evenly hovering attention\" (S. Freud) because it is this attitude which makes the therapist receptive for emotional cathexis, originating in the patient's unconscious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":21430,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie","volume":"133 1","pages":"29-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17690624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Authority in the psychiatric clinic].","authors":"K Laemmel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although considerable progress was made as far as therapy and individual rights of the patients are concerned today the psychiatric hospital is more than ever the butt of open citicism. One of the reasons for that is the odium of involuntarity and authority surrounding it. It is based on the ill-fame and dubious reputation of the nineteenth century \"asylum\". The problem of authority concerns today's hospitals as much as ever. How the hospital is run depends naturally in the first place on the personality of it's director his views on authority, as much as on his understanding and ability to handle the intensive dynamic processes in the institution. Recognizing the boundaries of his actual knowledge and training, his \"authoritative authority\", makes him wisely limit his goals and activities. Power or \"authoritarian authority\" must be employed with restraint and moderation but without hesitancy when necessary. The clinic represents for the patient a total milieu. It's therapeutic effect relies a great deal on the regulatory influence of the daily routine based on the authority of the treatment team. Jones' ideas of the \"Therapeutic Community\" have only limited value for today's psychiatric hospital. Even less significant contributions have been made by the antipsychiatric movement or the Marxist-inspired reformers of the last decades. Only that is therapeutic which in the final analysis helps the patient to cope successfully with reality. Even today the use of involuntary measures-seclusion and medication etc. remain a necessary tool for the treatment of some patients. As every institution is always part of a public or private structure, it's authority is always bridled by these. Ethical clinical psychiatry requires an ethical political state, if it is not to become it's henchman. Even in democratic countries problems may arise around involuntary hospitalization, the care of psychiatrically ill criminals or the legalities around medicating the uncooperative psychotic patient. Attempts of intrusion into the independence and authority of the psychiatric hospital can also occur from the families of the patients, the admitting physicians or the mass media who developed a last a somewhat unsavory interest into the psychiatric institution. To deal with these challenges authoritative authority is mandatory as much as the understanding of the dynamics of human behavior. Special problems exist for the psychiatric service within a general hospital. As the most recent arrival from the banishment in the outskirts into the fold of medicine, it has to prove itself first.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":21430,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie","volume":"133 1","pages":"107-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17691699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Authority as reflected in psychiatry and psychotherapy].","authors":"A Trenkel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21430,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie","volume":"133 1","pages":"131-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17691702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Communication in \"functional\" and \"dysfunctional\" families with adolescent children. I. Verbal communication].","authors":"P A Doudin,&nbsp;C Haas,&nbsp;C Navarro,&nbsp;E Pancheri,&nbsp;L Kaufmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research studies family communications during the critical period of change provoked by the puberty of one of the children. Two groups of families are compared: one group of 15 \"functional\" families (no psychological consultation has been requested) and one group of 15 \"dysfunctional\" families (a psychological consultation has been requested for one of the adolescents). The micro-analysis of the verbal communications reveals a few significant differences between the two groups of families. The results point to structural differences between the family systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21430,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie","volume":"133 2","pages":"223-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17725032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Superstition, faith, delusion].","authors":"T Haenel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The superstitious person makes use of various projective mechanisms and establishes a connection between two events or between an object and an event which are not causally related. Superstition can be understood as a narcissistic attempt at compensation by persons lacking self-confidence, who feel themselves to be under an existential threat. Religious belief can be defined as a commitment to an ultimate meaning in life. Absolute faith requires hope, in fact genuine faith is unthinkable without hope. A prerequisite, an underlying emotional substrate, of the development of faith is trust, in the sense of basic trust. A characteristic of genuine religious belief is orthopraxy, the practical application of faith in this world. The integrity of religious belief is in itself vulnerable, since, unlike delusion, it can be modified. Delusion is a disturbance of thought content which is maintained with absolute conviction. The deluded person is not capable of doubting or correcting the false belief. Transition from faith to superstition and vice versa is often fluid. Superstition can be the starting point for delusional ideas. It must be distinguished from delusion and in most cases it is easy to do so. The superstitious person feels secure in his world, while the deluded person breaks out of this security and places himself outside the community, outside the society that supports him.</p>","PeriodicalId":21430,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie","volume":"133 2","pages":"295-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17725036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Auditory evoked brain stem potentials, visual pattern evoked and somatosensory evoked potentials in transient ischemic attacks (TIA)].","authors":"V Thorwirth,&nbsp;E Volles,&nbsp;C Lossi,&nbsp;F Grunwald","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auditory-evoked brainstem potentials, visual pattern-evoked and somatosensory-evoked potentials in transitory ischemic attacks (TIA). Pathological findings in patients suffering from transitory ischemic attacks by means of using neuroradiological methods (CCT included) are a rare condition. The combination of visual checkerboard-evoked potentials (VEP), auditory brainstem-evoked (AEP) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP) can detect functional lesions in cerebral regions with different blood supply but without diagnostic risk. A delay of peak III of the AEP is possibly of specific value with regard to brainstem lesion caused by TIA in our patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21430,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie = Archives suisses de neurologie, neurochirurgie et de psychiatrie","volume":"132 1","pages":"41-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17907989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}