{"title":"3D position mapping of continuum arm","authors":"A. Al-Ibadi, S. Nefti-Meziani, S. Davis","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810151","url":null,"abstract":"Modelling a continuum arm is one of the major challenges in soft robotic researches. An accurate position model allows wider use of continuum robot arms in industrial and medical applications. Furthermore, accurate control can be achieved. This paper illustrates the 3D position of a constructed soft arm from 4 pneumatic muscle actuators (PMAs) in parallel, and models the movement of its free end in space. The performance of the contraction and extension PMAs and the behaviour of the contraction and extension arms are analysed, and a comparison between the two arms is explained. Finally, the mathematical models are presented and validated.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123038334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. R. Rashel, A. Albino, Angela Veiga, M. T. Ahmed, M. Tlemçani, Teresa Gonçalves
{"title":"Comparison of Photovoltaic panel's standard and simplified models","authors":"M. R. Rashel, A. Albino, Angela Veiga, M. T. Ahmed, M. Tlemçani, Teresa Gonçalves","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810175","url":null,"abstract":"Shockley diode equation is basic for single diode model equation, which is overly used for characterizing the photovoltaic cell output and behavior. In the standard equation, it includes series resistance (Rs) and shunt resistance (Rsh) with different types of parameters. Maximum simulation and modeling work done previously, related to single diode photovoltaic cell used this equation. However, there is another form of the standard equation which has not included Series Resistance (Rs) and Shunt Resistance (Rsh) yet, as the Shunt Resistance is much bigger than the load resistance and the load resistance is much bigger than the Series Resistance. For this phenomena, very small power loss occurs within a photovoltaic cell. This research focuses on the comparison of two forms of basic Shockley diode equation. This analysis describes a deep understanding of the photovoltaic cell, as well as gives understanding about Series Resistance (Rs) and Shunt Resistance (Rsh) behavior in the Photovoltaic cell. For making estimation of a real time photovoltaic system, faster calculation is needed. The equation without Series Resistance and Shunt Resistance is appropriate for the real time environment. Error function for both Series resistance (Rs) and Shunt resistances (Rsh) have been analyzed which shows that the total system is not affected by this two parameters' behavior.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115722070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilal R. Al-Kaseem, Andrews O. Nyanteh, H. Al-Raweshidy
{"title":"Self-Organized Clustering technique based on sink mobility in heterogeneous M2M sensor networks","authors":"Bilal R. Al-Kaseem, Andrews O. Nyanteh, H. Al-Raweshidy","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810230","url":null,"abstract":"Machine-to-Machine (M2M) sensor nodes play a vital role in building up the Internet-of-Things (IoT). A suitable clustering technique for grouping the M2M sensor nodes can reduce the energy dissipation. Self-Organized Clustering-M2M (SOC-M2M) routing protocol is an energy-aware communication protocol proposed in this paper to improve the global energy dissipation of M2M sensor networks by using self-organized clusters and multiple mobile sink nodes. The SOC-M2M routing protocol compared to other well-known cluster-based routing protocols and the simulation results showed that the SOC-M2M protocol can improve the network lifetime by 74% and 27% while enhancing the packets delivered to sink node by 83% and 68% for the two and three levels of network heterogeneity respectively.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116260010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jules Muvuna, T. Boutaleb, S. Mickovski, Keith Baker
{"title":"Systems engineering approach to design and modelling of smart cities","authors":"Jules Muvuna, T. Boutaleb, S. Mickovski, Keith Baker","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810231","url":null,"abstract":"A city is a very complex area with complex governing bodies and a number of decision makers. More often, cities are engines of economic development and are attractive places for people seeking employment and better quality of living [1]. As a consequence, cities are now facing a growing urban population which imposes stresses on urban quality of life and the environment. Among the major challenges faced by cities around the world, urban population growth is at the forefront as it is expected that future cities will be home for more than 70% of the global population by 2050. Other associated challenges include traffic congestion, environmental degradation, security, level of quality of public services, and effective resources management. To ensure sustainable development of cities with such a boom of urbanisation, cities around the world are embracing technology and adopting smart cities concept following the recorded development of information and communication technologies and internet of things. However, the literature [2] shows that the concept of smart cities is not being approached efficiently. A smart city is a system of subsystems and should be approached as a whole as opposed to infusing technology into subsystems one by one. To achieve this, there is a requirement of a standard platform to integrate all the subsystems of a smart city system. This work proposes a holistic model which integrates all the subsystems of a smart city system. The proposed model is based on systems engineering approach and Systems Engineering Modelling Language (SysML) is adapted as a potential modelling language. It is a general purpose visual modelling language for Systems Engineering applications and for complex systems such as smart cities and can handle better complexity and challenges such as documentation, communication, and management.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"360 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121849354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel flowrate control method for single flow zinc/nickel battery","authors":"X. Li, C. Wong, Z. Yang","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810156","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the redox zinc-nickel flow battery system with single flow channel was proposed and gained significant attentions. However, the dendrite zinc precipitate on periodic cycling is exceedingly deteriorating the battery life. Besides, the deficient system efficiency is broadly reckoned as the bottleneck of the commercialization for the flow battery system. To address the issues, a small laboratory flow assisted platform was established to test the performance and system electrolyte efficiency. A novel flowrate control method was presented to improve the system efficiency. It is demonstrated that the proposed flowrate control method can intelligently adjust the electrolyte velocities with applied currents and significantly improve the system efficiency without any compromise in the life cycles. The test also shows that even in extended 200 cycling tests, the battery system can maintain a relatively high coulomb efficiency over 95%. In addition, the proposed flowrate control method minimizes the side reaction efficiently. The work of this paper filled up the current gap of the research pertaining to the effects of different flowrates on the Zn/Ni battery system.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125242832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Jaber, P. Lazaridis, B. Saeed, Y. Zhang, U. Khan, D. Upton, H. Ahmed, P. Mather, M. F. Vieira, R. Atkinson, M. Judd, I. Glover
{"title":"Validation of partial discharge emulator simulations using free-space radiometric measurements","authors":"A. Jaber, P. Lazaridis, B. Saeed, Y. Zhang, U. Khan, D. Upton, H. Ahmed, P. Mather, M. F. Vieira, R. Atkinson, M. Judd, I. Glover","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810238","url":null,"abstract":"A useful technique to estimate the degradation of insulation in high voltage (HV) installations is the measurement of partial discharge (PD). Free-space radiometric (FSR) detection of PD is a relatively new technique. Several types of PD emulator sources have been constructed: two internal PD emulators and a floating electrode emulator. The emulators have been simulated using the CST Microwave Studio software package. The intention is to use the simulated emulators to establish a relationship between radiated PD signals and PD intensity as defined by apparent charge transfer. To this end the radiated fields predicted in the simulations are compared with measurements. There is sufficient agreement between simulations and measurements to suggest the simulations could be used to investigate the relationship between PD intensity and the field strength of radiated signals.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128102170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Small-Scale Axial Turbine for solar powered Brayton Cycle","authors":"Ahmed M. Daabo, S. Mahmoud, R. AL-Dadah","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810182","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient small scale turbine, which can operate at low mass flowrates, relatively low pressure ratios and moderately high temperatures, is needed for developing a Small Scale Brayton Cycle SSBC to generate power for domestic applications. Although research work was carried out to develop Brayton cycle however the effect of turbine design on the cycle efficiency was not considered. This work aims to develop a Small Scale Axial Turbine (SSAT) using 3D CFD simulations. Different design and operating conditions, for both turbine and cycle were investigated to identify the most efficient turbine for this application. Results showed that a turbine with rotor stagger angel of 30°, and rotor flow angel of -51.5°, pressure ratio of 3, and rotational speed of 17500rpm, a turbine efficiency of 83.89% and power output of 5.25 kW and cycle overall thermal efficiency 9.1%.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133278474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the applied normal load during contact mode AFM: An issue with the conventional approach","authors":"Raheem Al-Musawi, E. Brousseau","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810172","url":null,"abstract":"Usually, the normal load applied to the tip of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) probe during its motion across the surface of a scanned sample is determined assuming the absence of any horizontal force. It is shown that this assumption, applied to tip-based nanomachining experiments, leads to wrong estimations of the applied normal force. During this study, the AFM was operated under the so-called “force-controlled” mode based on the optical lever method where a position sensitive photodiode (PSPD) is used to monitor the reflection of a laser beam from the back of the cantilever probe. Normally, the sensitivity of the PSPD is assumed as a known constant, hence, its voltage output in the vertical direction is utilised to determine the cantilever deflection and the normal load. We show that, due to the action of the horizontal force, the PSPD sensitivity is not a constant. Hence, even if the voltage output of the PSPD is kept constant via the feedback loop of the AFM instrument, the grooves produced with tip-based nanomachining are not equal to the depth of indents which are generated when the AFM stage is static. In particular, the difference was up to 55%.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133049713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liquid nitrogen air conditioning system for domestic application","authors":"A. Ahmad, R. AL-Dadah, S. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810205","url":null,"abstract":"Current air conditioning systems consume significant amount of the electricity particularly during the peak period leading to significant fossil fuel energy consumption and carbon emissions. Thus there is a need to develop a new technology that consumes less energy and environmental friendly. Liquid nitrogen has been acknowledged as energy storage vector with high energy density. The current study investigates the feasibility of using the store cold energy in the form of liquid nitrogen to produce cooling and power for domestic building. A thermodynamic analysis of a combined cryogenic system fuelled by liquid nitrogen was carried out using Matlab integrated with Refprop software. Results showed that, using LN2 to meet the cooling demands at the peak period is feasible and promising. The proposed system recovered 81% of the energy stored in LN2 and with the current LN2 prices it achieved saving of 30% compared with the conventional AC system but the widespread of this technology can lead to further reduction of LN2 prices leading to significant savings of 81% and.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133525155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Danlami, M. Habib, Tang Zhonghua, Abdullateef I. Omeiza
{"title":"Selecting the most appropriate E O R: A case study of block Shen84-An12, Liaohe oilfield, north-east China","authors":"M. Danlami, M. Habib, Tang Zhonghua, Abdullateef I. Omeiza","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810229","url":null,"abstract":"Given the high water cut (over 79%) situation in Shen84-An12 oil reservoirs, it has become more difficult to achieve further recoveries even with the most advanced technologies like polymer flooding. We would like to advocate for the use of steam flooding because of its track records with recovery schemes generally and heavy oil reservoirs in particular. Our approach is to study the circumstances that had led to the problems, prominent among them is the multi-layer nature of the reservoirs (at least 94 layers), heterogeneity, as well as their low depths. It was discovered, based on previous research, that reservoir formation damage has occurred as a result of excessive use of cold water and this combined with heavy nature of the oil lead to wax precipitation and the eventual of blocking of reservoir pore throat. Horizontal wells have the advantages of selectively targeting a desired zone so steam could be directed at certain targets such was the case of Du84 and other oil blocks in Liaohe oilfield. Another approach is to evacuate the water that has taken over most part of the reservoirs as a result of previous cold water flooding, based on sublimation principles. Applying both treatments intermittently by first eliminating water followed by the use of horizontal wells to target specific layers of interest, can enhance even better recovery but considering cost, either of the methods may be sufficient to salvage the situation. Although, we cannot guarantee the viability of the second method, instead, it is a mere suggestion based on scientific principle and the authors believe it should be experimented.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130097617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}