{"title":"Effect of hydrophobicity on enhancement of condensation heat transfer-numerical investigation","authors":"A. Alammar, R. AL-Dadah, S. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810186","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a numerical study has been performed to investigate the effect of surface wettability on the condensation process at different subcooled temperatures using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation in Ansys Fluent. A new CFD model is developed to simulate vapour condensation on vertical smooth surface and surfaces with different hydrophobic coatings in terms of contact angle. Results revealed that the enhancement in condensation heat transfer in terms of heat flux for hydrophobic coatings with contact angle 140° and 150° are about 3 and 2 times, respectively, compared with the plain surface (90°), while less enhancement was achieved for others contact angles. In addition, the highest value of the liquid volume fraction is achieved when hydrophobic coating with contact angle 140° is used.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115568741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Test and validation of novel Lane-Departure Prevention System","authors":"Chen-Chow Ni, T. Gordon, Dong Zhang, Yangyan Gao","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810232","url":null,"abstract":"The active safety of road vehicles includes the use of electronic controls for autonomous emergency braking and avoiding unstable yaw motion. This paper focuses on a different critical situation when the vehicle's overspeeds on a curve road. In this paper, a novel approach to road departure prevention is derived from a recently published control method: parabolic path reference (PPR). Previous work has compared the PPR algorithm with a more conventional electronic stability control (ESC) algorithm implemented in the high-fidelity simulation software CarMaker to validate the performance of PPR. Based on the same control theory, in this paper we take consideration of vehicle entry speed into the known curve and then simulate the vehicle performance during the whole control period in different conditions. The experimental results presented demonstrate that the vehicle can achieve improved stability and velocity-keeping performance across a range of different drivers.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115682348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heat release rate and pressure fluctuation of lean premixed flame at different forcing levels","authors":"Aniekan Okon, H. Kurji, A. Medina, Yiqin Xue","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810194","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of limit cycle of combustion instability could be achieved by the examination of the nonlinear flame response to the acoustic oscillations within the combustor. This study uses the flame describing function framework to examine the effects of the forcing frequency and the fundamental frequency of the duct on the magnitude of the dominant acoustic modes of the combustion chamber. Results showed a phenorminal influence of the forcing frequencies on the magnitude of the dominant acoustic modes of the combustor with respect to its fundamental frequency, which are in agreement with recent studies. Results of this kind provide a promising novel approach to alienating instability boundaries in a combustion system.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128157154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of various titanium oxide blocking layers on performance of dye-sensitized solar cells","authors":"M. Augustyniak, G. Min","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810203","url":null,"abstract":"Recently emerging efficiency records of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are achieved by blocking photoelectrons recombination at interface of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) / electrolyte. This mechanism shunts the solar cell and occurs in liquid electrolyte-based DSCs and even more in solid-state DSCs such as Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs). Typical approach that minimizes the issue is use of Blocking Layers (BL) at the interface. In this study, various titanium oxide BLs were successfully deposited via Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) on TCO substrates of liquid-based DSSCs and their effect on the performance of DSSCs was investigated. It was found that the fill factor (FF) was increased from 0.59 up to 0.64, the open circuit voltage (Voc) was partially increased from 671 millivolts to 677 millivolts and finally, the efficiency was enhanced from 5.32 percent to 5.41 percent in spite of reduced optical transmittance. Observed improvement of certain properties of the cells, such as FF, implies that these materials obtained by PLD can serve as a new type of BL in DSCs, possibly for PSCs.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130352501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring sustainability: Life cycle approach to regional sustainability assessment on electricity options","authors":"Tianqi Li, Yaodong Wang, A. Roskilly","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810206","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable development must equally representing economic, environmental and social values. However, as contradictory to its original intention, majority of existing literature on sustainability assessment only focus on either one or two of the these values. This research proposes a novel framework that considers electricity as product and examines sustainability performance of its various production options with focus on regional characteristics, by combing sustainability theory and life cycle approach. This model is generic and can be applied on a range of electricity options; although it is developed based on the case of UK, but it is also applicable for cases in other countries. To author's knowledge, this is the first sustainability assessment model of its kind.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125132746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of lift-off on microwave open-ended waveguide time of flight based tire inspection","authors":"Ruslee Sutthaweekul, M. Buhari, A. Sunny, G. Tian","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810202","url":null,"abstract":"The comfort and safety of driving vehicles largely depends on state of the tires. However, inspecting defects within tires is a challenging task. Numerous inspection methods have been proposed such as X-ray, impact-acoustic and machine vision. X-ray is a mature method providing high-resolution images of tire structure but it is costly and requires safety precaution. Impact-acoustic requires impactor and cannot tolerate noisy environments; machine vision is computationally slow and can only obtain information of the tire surface. In this paper, we propose the use of Microwave inspection using open-ended waveguide probe that is fast, low cost and can penetrate to reveal the internal structure of the tire. This is achieved using Time of Flight (ToF) to extract the tire features for the reconstruction. Cumulative side lobe level is used to determine the optimum lift-off scanning range which is used for the tire scanning. Experimental results show that the technique can image the surface and reveal the internal structure of the tire.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122787269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical investigation of the two stage Wankel expander performance","authors":"Ghada A. Sadiq, G. Tozer, S. Mahmoud, R. AL-Dadah","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810215","url":null,"abstract":"Rotary Wankel expander has advantages compared with other expanders due to its compactness, low vibration, noise and cost. This study aims to enhance the performance of rotary Wankel expander device using two stages to benefit from exit flow from the first stage as the inlet to the second stage for extra power output. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the effect of the two stages configurations on the expander's power output and isentropic efficiency using ANSYS/ Fluent 16.2. Single stage CFD-3D results were compared to published work showing close agreement. The CFD modelling was used to investigate the performance of the rotary device using various Wankel expander sizes (r = 48, e = 6.6, b = 32) mm and (r = 58, e = 8, b = 40) mm both as single stage and as two stage expanders with different configurations. Results showed that combining the two Wankel expanders horizontally with the larger one at front produced 8.52 kW compared with single stage which gives 4.75 kW power output at the same initial conditions. It was also seen that increasing the inlet pressure produced an increase in the power output. Furthermore, the maximum isentropic efficiency can be achieved to reach 91 % with the inlet pressure 6 bars and inlet temperature 400 K at 7500 rpm for two stages with different size.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"51 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126124974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rank deficient decoding for arithmetic subspace network coding","authors":"P. Karimian, M. Ardakani","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810225","url":null,"abstract":"In arithmetic network coding (ANC), finite field operations are replaced by real or complex arithmetic operations. This has applications in physical layer network coding or in multi-resolution multicast, where users with a higher download capacity experience a better quality of service. A major problem in random ANC is that the condition number of the network grows quickly with the network size, hence, noise can cause many errors in larger networks. An efficient solution for error correction in network coding is subspace coding. However, existing subspace coding solutions are based on finite field operations and cannot be used with ANC. Some of the difficulties of applying subspace coding to ANC are: (i) there are infinite subspaces to choose from; (ii) the effect of noise is on all links, where the noise strength increases hop by hop; and (iii) the decoding algorithms of ANC and subspace decoding are very different. In this work, we develop a subspace arithmetic network coding framework. We first model the network noise from which we then develop a decoding algorithm. Our simulation results show the success of our proposed method over conventional ANC.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128796400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali W. Alattabi, C. Harris, R. Alkhaddar, Ali T. Alzeyadi
{"title":"The effects of hydraulic retention time on the sludge characteristics and effluent quality in an ASSBR","authors":"Ali W. Alattabi, C. Harris, R. Alkhaddar, Ali T. Alzeyadi","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810235","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed to improve the settling performance of the solids in the activated sludge process without using any of the additives that have been used recently by researchers worldwide to tackle this issue. Four different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) have been studied to find their effects on the solids' settling and treatment efficiency in an aerobic suspension sequencing batch reactor (ASSBR). The results obtained from this study showed that increasing the hydraulic retention time from 6 h to 12 h led to improving the COD and nitrate-nitrogen removal efficiency; it was raised from 78% to 94% for COD and from 75% to 97% for nitrate-nitrogen. However, when the HRT increased from 12 h to 18 h, the removal efficiency of the COD and nitrate-nitrogen reduced from 94% - 91 for COD and 97% - 94% for nitrate-nitrogen The removal efficiency of COD and nitrate-nitrogen remained constant when the HRT was further increased from 18 h to 24 h. The solids' settling performance was monitored through sludge volume index (SVI) test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SVI value was decreased from 123 ml/g to 82 ml/g when the HRT was increased from 6 h to 12 h, while it was not affected when the HRT was extended to 18 h and to 24 h. The optimal HRT obtained from this study is 12 h; it was superior for COD and nitrate-nitrogen removal and the solids settled steadily during that range.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127937660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 25 µm spatial resolution broadband microwave voltage probe","authors":"Ali M. L. Al-Ziayree, R. Perks, S. Cripps","doi":"10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSAE.2016.7810152","url":null,"abstract":"The present generation of voltage probes have demonstrated a spatial resolution of 100 μm at 6 GHz bandwidth. This paper presents results of a contactless voltage probe having 25 μm spatial resolution and instantaneous bandwidth up to 7 GHz. The probe is constructed from a miniaturized open-ended coaxial cable of 20 μm inner conductor diameter and 300 μm outer diameter. Capacitive coupling between the open-end coaxial cable and the device under test (DUT) generates a signal which feeds a miniaturized microwave amplifier. This concept introduces a new dimension into the process of designing microwave circuits which allows high accuracy, spatially resolved, voltage measurements. The improved probe design offers more flexibility in terms of the range of devices that can be measured, extending beyond large power microwave transistors to medium and small scale microwave active devices.","PeriodicalId":214121,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132308157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}