SAE transactions最新文献_第4页

Effect of alcohol fuels on fuel-line materials of gasoline vehicles 酒精燃料对汽油车燃油管路材料的影响

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3708

A. Kameoka, K. Nagai, G. Sugiyama, T. Seko

{"title":"Effect of alcohol fuels on fuel-line materials of gasoline vehicles","authors":"A. Kameoka, K. Nagai, G. Sugiyama, T. Seko","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-3708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3708","url":null,"abstract":"In 1999, some Japanese fuel suppliers sold highly concentrated alcohol fuels, which are . mixtures of gasoline and oxygenates, such as alcohol or ether, in amounts of 50% or more. In August 2001, it was reported that some vehicle models using the highly concentrated alcohol fuels encountered fuel leakage and vehicle fires due to corrosion of the aluminum used for the fuel-system parts. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Government of Japan (MLIT) jointly established the committee on safety for highly concentrated alcohol fuels in September 2001. The committee consisted of automotive technology and metal corrosion experts knowledgeable about preventing such accidents and ensuring user safety. Immersion tests were conducted on metals and other materials used for the fuel-supply system parts to determine the corrosion resistance to each alcohol component contained in the highly concentrated alcohol fuels. It was confirmed that each alcohol component contained in the highly concentrated alcohol fuels currently on the market causes corrosion of the aluminum generally used for automotive fuel-system parts.","PeriodicalId":21404,"journal":{"name":"SAE transactions","volume":"205 1","pages":"1265-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83437999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Lean Boost and External Exhaust Gas Recirculation for High Load Controlled Auto-Ignition 精益增压和外部废气再循环的高负荷控制自动点火

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3744

A. Cairns, Hugh Blaxill

引用次数: 31

Gasoline Driveability Index, Ethanol Content and Cold-Start/Warm-Up Vehicle Performance 汽油驾驶性能指数，乙醇含量和冷启动/预热车辆性能

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3864

C. Jewitt, L. Gibbs, B. Evans

{"title":"Gasoline Driveability Index, Ethanol Content and Cold-Start/Warm-Up Vehicle Performance","authors":"C. Jewitt, L. Gibbs, B. Evans","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-3864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3864","url":null,"abstract":"During 2003 the Coordinating Research Council conducted an intermediate ambient temperature vehicle driveability research program. The objective of the program was to determine the effects of ethanol content on cold-start and warm-up driveability. Twenty-seven latest technology fuel injected vehicles, which included passenger cars, vans, and light duty trucks, were used to evaluate ten test fuels. A hydrocarbon-only base fuel was blended to have a nominal 1300 Driveability Index (Dl). Three ethanol containing fuels were produced by splash blending 3, 6, and 10 volume percent ethanol into the base fuel. Three additional ethanol fuels containing 3, 6, and 10 volume percent ethanol were produced to nominally match the 1300 Dl volatility characteristics of the hydrocarbon-only base fuel. Three hydrocarbon-only fuels were produced using the base fuel and light hydrocarbons to nominally match the volatility characteristics of the 3, 6, and 10 volume percent ethanol splash blended fuels. Cold-start and warm-up driveability tests were conducted in the ambient temperature range of -1 °C - 4°C (30°F - 40°F). As Dl increased over the range 1250 - 1300, cold-start and warm-up driveability became poorer. The program revealed that Dl alone was not a good predictor of performance for both hydrocarbon-only and ethanol blended fuels. Driveability performance models were developed for a combination of hydrocarbon-only and ethanol blended gasolines. These findings will be useful in possible future investigations to define the impact of ethanol on Driveability Index of fuels with Driveability Indices less than 1250 as specified in ASTM D 4814, Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel. Two models were developed based on Dl, one including an ethanol content term and the other model with an ethanol term independent of concentration. Surprisingly, both equations provided similar predictive precision.","PeriodicalId":21404,"journal":{"name":"SAE transactions","volume":"PC-25 1","pages":"1707-1719"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84853891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

A Systematic Experimental Investigation of Pd-Based Light-Off Catalysts 钯基点燃催化剂的系统实验研究

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3848

Danan Dou, B. Williamson, R. Richmond

{"title":"A Systematic Experimental Investigation of Pd-Based Light-Off Catalysts","authors":"Danan Dou, B. Williamson, R. Richmond","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-3848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3848","url":null,"abstract":"Close-coupled or manifold catalysts have been extensively employed to reduce emissions during cold start by achieving quick catalyst light-off. These catalysts must have good thermal durability, high intrinsic light-off activity and high HC/CO/NOx conversions at high temperature and flow conditions. A number of studies have been dedicated to engine control, manifold design and converter optimization to reduce cold start emissions. The current paper focuses on the effect of catalyst design parameters and their performance response to different engine operating conditions. Key design parameters such as catalyst formulation (CeO 2 vs. non CeO 2 ), precious metal loading and composition (Pd vs. Pd/Rh), washcoat loading, catalyst thermal mass, substrate properties and key application (in use) parameters such as catalyst aging, exhaust A/F ratio, A/F ratio modulation, exhaust temperature, temperature rise rate and exhaust flow rate were studied on engine dynamometers in a systematic manner. Optimized Pd light-off catalysts on 400cpsi/6.5, 600cpsi/3 and 900cpsi/2mil cordierite substrates were further examined at the manifold location for FTP-75 emission performance as a function of cold start A/F ratio to achieve the best emission results on a 1997 Nissan Altima.","PeriodicalId":21404,"journal":{"name":"SAE transactions","volume":"41 1","pages":"1633-1646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74992359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Influence of Charge Dilution and Injection Timing on Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion and Emissions 增压稀释和喷油时机对低温柴油机燃烧和排放的影响

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3837

S. Kook, C. Bae, P. Miles, Dae Choi, L. Pickett

{"title":"The Influence of Charge Dilution and Injection Timing on Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion and Emissions","authors":"S. Kook, C. Bae, P. Miles, Dae Choi, L. Pickett","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-3837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3837","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of charge dilution on low-temperature diesel combustion and emissions were investigated in a small-bore single-cylinder diesel engine over a wide range of injection timing. The fresh air was diluted with additional N 2 and CO 2 , simulating 0 to 65% exhaust gas recirculation in an engine. Diluting the intake charge lowers the flame temperature T due to the reactant being replaced by inert gases with increased heat capacity. In addition, charge dilution is anticipated to influence the local charge equivalence ratio Φ prior to ignition due to the lower O 2 concentration and longer ignition delay periods. By influencing both Φ and T, charge dilution impacts the path representing the progress of the combustion process in the Φ-T plane, and offers the potential of avoiding both soot and NO x formation. In-cylinder pressure measurements, exhaust-gas emissions, and imaging of combustion luminosity were performed to clarify the path of the combustion process and the effects of charge dilution and injection timing on combustion and fuel conversion efficiency. Based on the findings, a postulated combustion process in the Φ-T plane is presented for different dilution levels and injection timings. Although the ignition delay increased with high dilution and early injection, the heat release analysis indicated that a large portion of the combustion and emissions formation processes was still dominated by the mixing-controlled phase rather than the premixed phase. Because of the incomplete premixing, and the need to mix a greater volume of charge with unbumed or partially-burned fuel to complete combustion, the diluted mixtures increased CO emissions. Injecting the fuel at earlier timings to extend the ignition delay helped alleviate this problem, but did not eliminate it. Fuel conversion efficiencies calculated for each dilution level and start of injection provide guidance as to the appropriate combustion phasing and practical levels of charge dilution for this low-temperature diesel combustion regime.","PeriodicalId":21404,"journal":{"name":"SAE transactions","volume":"87 1","pages":"1575-1595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76052436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 364

Evaluation of Supplier Catalyst Formulations for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx With Ammonia 氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物的供应商催化剂配方评价

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3881

S. J. Schmieg, Jong-hwan Lee

引用次数: 52

Base Stock Developments in Automatic Transmission Fluid Design 自动变速箱油设计中的基础油发展

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3858

W. Kwon, Kyung-Woong Kim, H. E. Henderson

{"title":"Base Stock Developments in Automatic Transmission Fluid Design","authors":"W. Kwon, Kyung-Woong Kim, H. E. Henderson","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-3858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3858","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic transmission design has undergone significant changes over the past two decades as automotive companies pursue improved reliability and ease of operation while addressing mandated legislation by government and regulatory bodies, particularly in the areas of energy efficiency and emission reduction. This has also impacted the design parameters for the fluids that are used in these new transmissions, including both the additive chemistry and the lubricant base stocks. The selection of base stocks has transitioned over the years from wax-free naphthenics to solvent processed paraffinics, and more recently to hydroprocessed and catalytically dewaxed paraffinics. These highly saturated and high performance base stocks have several unique features that make them ideal for present and future automatic transmissions, including high Viscosity Index, low n-paraffin residual wax content, low volatility and excellent response to additive chemistry. The effects of high performance base stocks on automatic transmission fluid design and performance will be discussed. This will include base stock effects on both high and low temperature fluidity, oxidation performance and other important transmission fluid properties. The use of very low viscosity fluids will also be discussed as they can provide some interesting options to the lube formulator in terms of fluidity modification or dumbbell blending.","PeriodicalId":21404,"journal":{"name":"SAE transactions","volume":"102 1","pages":"1673-1695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79417386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crank-Angle Resolved Imaging of Fuel Distribution, Ignition and Combustion in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine 直喷式火花点火发动机燃料分布、点火和燃烧的曲柄角分辨成像

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3753

J. D. Smith, V. Sick

引用次数: 12

Detailed Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Surrogate Fuels for Gasoline and Application to an HCCI Engine 汽油替代燃料的详细化学动力学建模及其在HCCI发动机上的应用

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3741

C. Naik, W. Pitz, C. Westbrook, Magnus Sjöberg, J. Dec, J. Orme, H. Curran, J. Simmie

{"title":"Detailed Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Surrogate Fuels for Gasoline and Application to an HCCI Engine","authors":"C. Naik, W. Pitz, C. Westbrook, Magnus Sjöberg, J. Dec, J. Orme, H. Curran, J. Simmie","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-3741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3741","url":null,"abstract":"Gasoline consists of many different classes of hydrocarbons, such as paraffins, olefins, aromatics, and cycloalkanes. In this study, a surrogate gasoline reaction mechanism is developed, and it has one representative fuel constituent from each of these classes. These selected constituents are iso-octane, n-heptane, 1-pentene, toluene, and methyl-cyclohexane. The mechanism was developed in a step-wise fashion, adding submechanisms to treat each fuel component. Reactions important for low temperature oxidation (<1000K) and cross-reactions among different fuels are incorporated into the mechanism. The mechanism consists of 1214 species and 5401 reactions. A single-zone engine model is used to evaluate how well the mechanism captures autoignition behavior for conditions corresponding to homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine operation. Experimental data are available for both how the combustion phasing changes with fueling at a constant intake temperature, and also how the intake temperature has to be changed with pressure in order to maintain combustion phasing for a fixed equivalence ratio. Three different surrogate fuel mixtures are used for the modeling. Predictions are in reasonably good agreement with the engine data. In addition, the heat release rate is calculated and compared to the data from experiments. The model predicts less low-temperature heat release than that measured. more » It is found that the low temperature heat-release rate depends strongly on engine speed, reactions of RO{sub 2}+HO{sub 2}, fuel composition, and pressure boost. « less","PeriodicalId":21404,"journal":{"name":"SAE transactions","volume":"513 1","pages":"1381-1387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77794798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 100

Implications of Particulate and Precursor Compounds Formed During High-Efficiency Clean Combustion in a Diesel Engine 柴油发动机高效清洁燃烧过程中形成的微粒和前体化合物的意义

SAE transactions Pub Date : 2005-10-24 DOI: 10.4271/2005-01-3844

C. Sluder, R. M. Wagner, J. Storey, S. Lewis

引用次数: 39