{"title":"Notes on Successful Banking Reform in Nigeria","authors":"Emeka R. Offor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1650224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1650224","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria has always had one reform or the other. These reforms were initiated in response to the desires of the “reformers” to improve a given situation and span such sectors as power, insurance, banking, agriculture, etc. In this note, the author articulated some of the reforms in the country’s banking sector and observed that they have been controversial leading in some occasions to policy summersaults. The notes are arranged to provide an introduction, a probe of key warning signs, the opening of the banking sector, creation of specialised banks and a review of the aftermath of the reforms.","PeriodicalId":213755,"journal":{"name":"International Environment of Global Business eJournal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121601389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Living in a Global Monitory Democracy: Social Responsibility, Global Strategy and the Multinational Enterprise","authors":"T. Devinney","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1633971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1633971","url":null,"abstract":"The link between the social and political environment and the globalization is an area that has been subject to considerable debate yet still open to opportunities for learning, explanation and more effective structured modeling. The salience of this linkage has been rising in importance as more and more corporations find themselves subject to social responsibility demands and the relationship between a corporation’s fiduciary role to its owners and its responsibilities to the societies in which it operates has become a focal area of research in a number of key scholarly domains. In this article, we provide an outline of the work relating globalization, the corporation, and its social and political environment, link this work to the extant thinking in global strategy, and provide a framework in which we can think about building and effective research stream.","PeriodicalId":213755,"journal":{"name":"International Environment of Global Business eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129891531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of CDS Trading on the Bond Market: Evidence from Asia","authors":"Ilhyock Shim, Haibin Zhu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1652654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1652654","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of CDS trading on the development of the bond market in Asia. In general, CDS trading has lowered the cost of issuing bonds and enhanced the liquidity in the bond market. The positive impact is stronger for smaller firms, non-financial firms and those firms with higher liquidity in the CDS market. These empirical findings support the diversification and information hypotheses in the literature. Nevertheless, CDS trading has also introduced a new source of risk. There is strong evidence that, at the peak of the recent global financial crisis, those firms included in CDS indices faced higher bond yield spreads than those not included.","PeriodicalId":213755,"journal":{"name":"International Environment of Global Business eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133319024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of Discount Rates in Latin America: Empirical Evidence and Challenges","authors":"Darcy Fuenzalida, Samuel Mongrut","doi":"10.46631/jefas.2010.v15n28.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2010.v15n28.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the main proposals that have been made in order to estimate discount rates in emerging markets. Seven methods are used to estimate the cost of equity capital in the case of global well-diversified investors; two methods are used to estimate it in the case of imperfectly diversified local institutional investors; and one method is used to estimate the required return in the case of non-diversified entrepreneurs. Using the first nine methods, one estimates the costs of equity for all economic sectors in six Latin American emerging markets. Consistently with studies applied to other regions, a great deal of disparity is observed between the discount rates obtained across the different models, which implies that no model is better than the others. Likewise, the paper shows that Latin American markets are in a process of becoming more integrated with the world market because discount rates have decreased consistently during the first five-year period of the XXI Century. Finally, one identifies several challenges that have to be tackled to estimate discount rates and valuate investment opportunities in emerging markets.","PeriodicalId":213755,"journal":{"name":"International Environment of Global Business eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116880355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Staying Close to Home? Foreign Bank Participation in Syndicated Loans","authors":"G. Boyle, R. Stover","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1611901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1611901","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the propensity of Australian banks to participate in syndicated loans to corporate borrowers from 12 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. We find that these banks participate more often in greater numbers and in greater quantity for loans made to Australian and New Zealand borrowers. However much of this apparent bias can be attributed to differences in familiarity characteristics - legal systems culture banking presence and distance from Australia. As these characteristics are likely to proxy for information availability our results provide further support for the view that home bias phenomena are primarily due to information problems.","PeriodicalId":213755,"journal":{"name":"International Environment of Global Business eJournal","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115124644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the Efficiency of Vietnamese Banking System: An Application Using Data Envelopment Analysis","authors":"Thanh Ngo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1626009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1626009","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last twenty years in Vietnam, the financial system in general and the banking system in particular had been transferred from a monopoly system into a diversified system which allows all participants to compete fairly and effectively. Within these past years, the banking system in Vietnam did gradually developed in number of banking institutions, size of the banking sector in the economy, amount of credits for the economy, and amount of other banking services as well. Along with the development of the banking system in number, size, asset value, deposit, credit and debit account, ATM/POS, interest rates, etc. which attracted more and more customers using the banking’ services; the efficiency of the banking system also has been increasing. So far, there is still a lack of research on the efficiency of the banking sector in Vietnam over the decades. Several researches were conducted, however, due to the data limitation, these researches were just small steps at the big front gate. This paper, which focuses on evaluating the efficiency of bigger sample size of Vietnamese commercial banks in the year of 2008, tends to make a contribution to this progress. The DEA approach allows this paper to evaluate the efficiency of 22 Vietnamese commercial banks in using their inputs in 2008 (these banks were ranked top in the banking industry in Vietnam – VNR500 in 2009). After analyzing, the research comes to a conclusion that although the efficiency of these banks is averagely high, however, there is still an opportunity to improve this indicator.","PeriodicalId":213755,"journal":{"name":"International Environment of Global Business eJournal","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116969081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qianying Chen, D. Gray, Papa N’Diaye, Hiroko Oura, Natalia T. Tamirisa
{"title":"International Transmission of Bank and Corporate Distress","authors":"Qianying Chen, D. Gray, Papa N’Diaye, Hiroko Oura, Natalia T. Tamirisa","doi":"10.5089/9781455200832.001.A001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781455200832.001.A001","url":null,"abstract":"The paper evaluates how increases in banks’ and nonfinancial corporates’ default risk are transmitted in the global economy, using in a vector autoregression model for 30 advanced and emerging economies for the period from January 1996 to December 2008. The results point to two-way causality between bank and corporate distress and to significant global macroeconomic and financial spillovers from either type of distress when it originates in a systemic economy. Corporate distress in advanced economies has a larger impact on economic growth in emerging economies than bank distress in advanced economies has. In contrast, activity in advanced economies is more vulnerable to bank distress than to corporate distress.","PeriodicalId":213755,"journal":{"name":"International Environment of Global Business eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129699122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Loan Loss Provisions in Uruguay: Properties, Shock Absorption Capacity and Simulations Using Alternative Formulas","authors":"Torsten Wezel","doi":"10.5089/9781455200849.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781455200849.001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the merits of countercyclical loan loss provisioning in Uruguay. Using a stress test methodology, it quantifies the protection against macroeconomic shocks provided by the stock of dynamic provisions accumulated since 2001 and finds that medium-sized shocks would be fully absorbed, offsetting the additional costs caused by rising specific provisions. In addition, the paper simulates the path of dynamic provisions under the formulas used in Spain, Peru and Bolivia, showing that the alternative paths diverge significantly from the actual buildup and in part better conform to the Uruguayan credit cycle.","PeriodicalId":213755,"journal":{"name":"International Environment of Global Business eJournal","volume":"910 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126989268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bones of Contention - What Drives Mergers and Acquisitions in Emerging Markets?","authors":"Camilla Jensen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1596595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1596595","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the paper is to offer an evaluation of existing theories towards understanding the increase in mergers and acquisitions in an emerging market such as Turkey. A review of the existing theoretical and applied literature suggests that the neoclassical hypothesis (the q theory of investment) lacks in its content both when it comes to accounting for the role of the firm in production and the role of institutions in the process of industrial restructuring. The (revised) q theory is therefore not sufficient towards offering a general theory of mergers and acquisitions that can extend to explain the phenomena in emerging markets. The different available theoretical hypotheses are confronted with information about acquisitions and financial data for Turkey. There is no evidence that acquirers targeted specific industries (except banking) because of the large firm bias in the sampled transactions. There is also no evidence that acquirers targeted specific firms (high or low performing). Also, there is no evidence that Turkish acquirers came from specific firms (high or low performing or relatively larger firms). The only patterns that emerge from the analysis is that the institutional hypothesis of clustering in time and by industry is confirmed also for Turkey and that asset matching in Turkey (whether the assets sold went to local or foreign owners) was synergistic in nature except during episodes of financial crisis. Based on the ex-ante characteristics of firms (including poor performance of vendors and frequent trading of same targets) involved in these events the research suggests that the Turkish M&A market is more a rope pulling contest in a seller’s market than a beauty contest in a buyer’s market.","PeriodicalId":213755,"journal":{"name":"International Environment of Global Business eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128315039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Important Elements for Inflation Targeting for Emerging Economies","authors":"Inci Otker-Robe, C. Freedman","doi":"10.5089/9781455200726.001.A001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781455200726.001.A001","url":null,"abstract":"This is the fifth chapter of a forthcoming monograph entitled \"On Implementing Full-Fledged Inflation-Targeting Regimes: Saying What You Do and Doing What You Say.\" It examines whether certain conditions have to be met before emerging economies can adopt an inflation-targeting regime and provides some empirical evidence on the matter. The issues analyzed are the priority of inflation targeting over other goals, the absence of fiscal dominance, central bank independence, the degree of control over the policy interest rate, a sound methodology for forecasting, and the soundness of financial institutions and markets, and resilience to changes in exchange rates and interest rates.","PeriodicalId":213755,"journal":{"name":"International Environment of Global Business eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131858239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}