RUDN Journal of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Nursing awareness of oxygen therapy among nurses at selected district hospital in Nepal","authors":"Kalpana Katel, Sunita Gurung, Srijana Gautam, Muna Bhattrai","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-3-202-208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-3-202-208","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance . Oxygen therapy is commonly used in the emergency and critical cases which is the first line treatment in many critical conditions. Oxygen therapy is a medical treatment prescribed mainly for hypoxic patients, which provides oxygen at higher concentrations than that found in atmosphere (21%). Oxygen administering depends on the needs of the patients conditions and in some cases medical treatment. The present study aims to assess the level of awareness on oxygen therapy among nurses and examine the association between level of knowledge, attitude and selected socio-demographic variables. Materials and Methods . A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 125 samples. The data were collected for 6 weeks using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) was used for quantitative data analysis and inferential statistics (chi-square) were used to find out the association between level of knowledge, attitude and selected socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Results and Discussion . The study revealed that 74.4% of the nurses had unsatisfactory level of knowledge, 20% had average knowledge and 5.6% had satisfactory level of knowledge regarding oxygen therapy. A significant association was found between the knowledge level and age, educational status and experience of the respondents (p=0.001, 0.000, 0.016). Conclusion . The study concluded that the level of knowledge among nurses regarding oxygen therapy has lower than expected and is unsatisfactory. The results of the study can provide a framework for the healthcare policymakers to develop and implement educational programs on oxygen therapy for nurses in hospital setting.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47087785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytogenetic effect of caffeine in the micronucleus test","authors":"N. Durnova, Н.А. Дурнова, A. R. Klantsataya, А Р Кланцатая, M. N. Kurchatova, М Н Курчатова, A. Karetnikova, А Ю Каретникова, A. S. Sheremetyeva, А.С. Шереметьева","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-2-147-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-2-147-153","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The consumption of caffeine-containing food in the modern world must necessarily be safe for humans, including should not affect the hereditary material of the body. Objective: to determine the possible effect of caffeine at the cytogenetic level by the micronucleus method on erythrocytes. Materials and Methods. The objects for the study were non-linear mice, which were divided into 6 groups - one control group and 5 experimental groups. The first experimental group and the second in the experiment received caffeine in doses of 40 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg.The control group received saline. Caffeine was administered orally. The mutagen (dioxidine) was injected intraperitoneally. On the 5th day of the experimental study, we performed blood sampling for cytogenetic analysis. Results and Discussion. Our study of the caffeine preparation made it possible to determine the following patterns. Firstly, when administered within 5 days, caffeine at a dose of 40 and 100 mg/kg did not cause an increase in the number of micronuclei in erythrocytes in mice. Secondly, the combined use of caffeine (both at a dose of 40mg/kgand at a dose of 100 mg / kg) and dioxidine significantly increased the level of micronuclei in comparison with the control group. Thirdly, caffeine at a dose of 40mg/kgdid not increase the mutagenic activity of dioxidine, but a dose of caffeine of 100mg/kgwhen combined with a mutagen led to a significant increase in the level of cytogenetic damage. Conclusion. According to our data, caffeine in the experimental study was not a mutagen, but at a dose of 100 mg/kg it represented a comutagenic effect.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"147-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49487253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Costs of treating community-acquired bacterial bronchopneumonia in pediatric patients","authors":"Y. P. Ochoa, Я П Очоа, Y. J. Abreu, Я Х Абреу, G. Mateo, Г П Матэо","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-39-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-39-47","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Health management has not escaped the pressure of the current epidemiological situation. In a complex scenario, characterized by the COVID-19 pandemic, the daily dynamics become more complex and greater agility is required for decision-making. Much of the success of those decisions is determined by access to timely information, especially in crisis conditions and limited resources. For this reason, health organizations are interested in knowing the costs of pathologies that frequently constitute causes of hospitalization. In this sense, community - acquired bacterial bronchopneumonia stands out, which is a disease that frequently causes hospitalization of pediatric patients. Objective. This article aims to carry out a partial retrospective financial evaluation in order to determine the costs associated with the treatment of community-acquired bacterial bronchopneumonia in pediatric patients. Materials and methods. The study was developed from the perspective of the health institution General Hospital Guillermo Luis Fernandez Hernandez - Baquero in the city of Moa. For this, the analysis - synthesis and comparative methods were used, as well as the methodology to calculate and analyze disease costs. Results. The research focused on the January-March quarters of the years 2017 and 2018 and provided valuable accounting information regarding the direct and indirect costs of the treatment of the pathology in question, which serves as a tool for the correct management of the hospital institution. Conclusion . The direct costs exceeded the indirect costs and the items that most affected the total cost were the salaries of the workers, food, and medicines used to treat the disease. The need to develop digital health was evidenced, with special emphasis on digital medical records to facilitate access to them and thus avoid the loss of information due to its deterioration. The study provides useful information to the management of the health institution, which serves as support for budget analysis and future projections.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45500330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of creating predictive models of the COVID19 coronavirus pandemic","authors":"E. Levkova, Е А Левкова, R. Sepiashvili, Р И Сепиашвили, S. Savin, С З Савин","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-31-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-31-38","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The article is devoted to creating prognostic models based on epidemiological and immunological data. Objective: to study the comparative dynamic epidemiological and immunological characteristics of patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods. Methodological approaches to the use of system analysis of epidemiological and immunological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 using multivariate analysis are described. The used technologies of computer-aided analysis systems, algorithms for recognizing, measuring and identifying the condition of patients, and methods of statistical data processing made it possible to create a universal information predictive model for calculating the dynamics of infectious diseases prone to generalization (pandemics), as well as to understand in which groups these new infectious diseases are most dangerous. Results and discussion. Using the methods of system analysis, the epidemiological and immunological aspects of predictive models of the coronavirus pandemic were evaluated using the most objective international data, which increased the information content of the analysis. Conclusions . Creating predictive epidemiological and immunological models of the pandemic is an urgent and promising task to combat the medical and social consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection in Russia.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46133168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel approaches to increase resistance to acute respiratory infections","authors":"S. Guryanova, N. Kudryashova, Anastasiya A. Kataeva, B. Orozbekova, N. Kolesnikova, A. Chuchalin","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-3-181-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-3-181-195","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance . Respiratory infections are the most common in the world. In order to prevent epidemics, there is a need to improve the strategies for organizing medical care and develop new approaches in order to increase the nonspecific resistance, mobilize innate immunity. Objective . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide (GMDP) on the level of expression of markers of differentiation and activation of functionally significant subpopulations of dendritic cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors,the second aim was to assess the effectiveness of GMDP in the prevention of acute respiratory infections in an unfavorable epidemiological period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods . An open comparative study included 309 apparently healthy participants, aged 19-22 years. At the first stage of the study, 42 participants (22 female and 20 male) took the drug Licopid 1 mg for 10 days according to the instructions, 1 tablet 3 times a day in order to prevent acute respiratory infections. Peripheral blood sampling was performed before taking the drug (day 0) and the next day after the last dose of the drug (day 12). Evaluation of the expression of markers of differentiation and activation of dendritic cell subpopulations HLA-DR, CD11c, CD123, CD80, CD83, CCR7, CD3, CD14, CD20 was assessed by flow cytometry. At the same time, mRNA was isolated from mononuclear cells of perfusion blood and, after reverse transcription, the level of gene expression was determined by RT PCR. At the next stage, the effectiveness of the prophylactic use of the drug Licopid in 267 students of the Institute of Physical Culture was assessed in order to prevent acute respiratory infections in an unfavorable epidemiological period; the observation period was 12 months. Results and Discussion . A study of the relative quantitative composition of DCs in the peripheral blood of healthy donors by flow cytometry revealed the possibility of an increase in their total number, as well as subpopulations of MDC and PDC under the influence of GMDP. There was a statistically significant increase in the receptors for the chemokine CCR7, which is responsible for the recruitment of DCs to the secondary lymphoid organs. Analysis of the levels of expression of genes XCR1, CD11b , and CD103 showed a statistically significant effect of GMDP on an increase in their expression compared to the baseline level (before GMDP intake), with the mean value being higher in participants undergoing moderate exercise. It was found that the use of the drug Licopid 1mg for the purpose of preventing and reducing the seasonal incidence of acute respiratory infections at the stage of basic training of students of the Institute of Physical Culture contributed to a decrease in the incidence of acute respiratory infections within 12 months of observation after taking the drug. The number of episodes of acute respiratory infections decreased 3.7 times, ","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45195543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress correlates well with markers of metabolic syndrome in clinically hypothyroid cases: a hospital based study in a remote tribal district","authors":"Sanjib Panda, M. Dash, P. Thatoi, J. Dandapat, B. Rath","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-55-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-55-65","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Dislipidemia is one of the major manifestation of thyroid disease process due to alteration of metabolic parameters which are also seen in metabolic syndrome. Though oxidative stress has been implicated in both processes, controversial results have been obtained. Objective. To determine the status of lipid peroxidation product (Lpx) in the study group and identify the association of different components of metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods: 102 patients comprising of 60 healthy euthyroid controls and 42 hypothyroid patients served as the study group. Blood samples were collected for fasting blood sugar, renal parameters, lipid profile, tri-iodothyronin (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Level of lipid peroxidation in the samples was determined by monitoring the level of thiobarbituric acid like substances (TBARS) like substances. Results. The demographic parameters were significantly altered in hypothyroid patients. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure amongst both the groups was observed to have higher mean value in hypothyroid patients. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the hypothyroid was significantly higher than euthyroid control groups. The most frequent alteration in the hypothyroid patients was rise in SBP (95 %), Hypertriglyceridemia (50 %) and raised waist circumference (48 %) and DBP (42 %). A fourfold rise in Lpx was observed in hypothyroid subjects (p<0.001). Robust positive association was observed between TSH and Lpx. Multiple linear regressions revealed strongest and statistically significant association between serum serum thyroid stimulating hormone and waist circumference. Conclusion. The hypothyroid patients have significant higher degree of oxidative stress and the components of metabolic syndrome. They are the candidates for preventive health intervention.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45021805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant Inguinoscrotal Hernia","authors":"Protasov Av, А В Протасов, A. L. Kulakova, А Л Кулакова, A. A. Dzhabiev, А А Джабиев, M. S. Mekhaeel, М Ш Ф Михаэль","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-66-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-66-72","url":null,"abstract":"The following article devoted to the case of surgical treatment of giant inguinoscrotal hernia of a patient which signed the informed consent to the processing of personal data with dimensions of hernial sac 400x330x306 mm, size of hernial gates 9x8x7cm, loops of the small intestine, mesentery, a large number of heterogeneous liquid up to 14.7 L were determined in the hernial sac. Left herniotomy was performed. Back wall plastic of the inguinal canal was performed according to Liechtenstein. Mesh implant was used for the plastic.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45853284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin manifestations of COVID-19","authors":"E. Dvoryankova, I. Korsunskaya, T. Slavyanskaya","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-9-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-9-15","url":null,"abstract":"The infection caused by the recently identified SARS-CoV-2, dubbed coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), has become a pandemic. With exponential growth of morbidity among the people around the world, the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are becoming clearer and description of new disease symptoms descriptions is emerging. The sufficient amount of descriptions of various skin manifestations in patients with COVID-19 has appeared, however they are characterized by great heterogeneity. The pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of skin rashes in patients with COVID-19 are currently unknown, however, hypotheses have been put forward that they have an overactive immune response, activation of the complement system and microvascular damage. Based on the published literature data and our own experience, the following characteristic types of skin rashes can be distinguished among the skin manifestations of this viral disease: urticaria, confluent, papulovesicular exanthema, acral rashes similar to frostbite, livedo reticularis and purpura. Possible development of skin lesions against the background of the development of COVID-19 provides the need to inform dermatologists about the features of the skin manifestations of this disease, as well as to study further these symptoms of COVID-19 to determine their diagnostic and prognostic value.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49335635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphofunctional characterization of rat thymus mast cells after administration of magnesium orotate mechanically activated forms","authors":"N. Chuchkova, M. Smetanina, Alexei E. Shklyaev, K. Pazinenko, N. V. Kormilina, O. Kanunnikova","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-3-248-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-3-248-255","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The topicality of the work is determined by the wide spread of hypomagnesemia among the people, which makes it necessary to correct it. The aim of the work is to elucidate the cell-mediated response of the thymus mastocytic link to magnesium deficiency and its correction by the mechanoactivated form of magnesium orotate. Materials and Methods . Animals with drug-induced magnesium deficiency (administration of furosemide 30 mg/kg for 14 days) were administered either the initial preparation Magnerot (Magnerot, Vervag Pharma, Germany), or its mechanoactivated form. The level of magnesium in the blood was determined by test systems ARKREY (Japan). The concentration of magnesium in the thymus tissue was determined by the method of emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled (argon) plasma on an atomic emission spectrometer. Density of mastocytes and the indices of degranulation and granulolosis were calculated on paraffin sections of the thymus after coloration with toluidine blue. Results and Discussion . It was shown that furosemide administration the amount of magnesium decreased in the blood (from 1,750,08 to 0,9020,18 mmol/l, p0,05), but increased in the thymus (from 1,60,6 in the control to 3,71,2 mg/l); in the gland tissue, the number of mastocytes of morphotype A decreased and the number of mastocytes of morphotype D, after active degranulation, increased (by 7,1 times, p0,05). The type of mastocyte secretion in hypomagnesemia is represented by the merocrine variant. The administration of the initial magnesium orotate led to an increase in the concentration of magnesium in the blood to 1,150,25 mmol/l, which is 65,7% of the initial level, the amount of magnesium in the thymus remained elevated (3,41,1 mg/l), the number of actively degranulating cells (morphotype D) was increased. Mechanoactivated magnesium orotate restored the concentration of Mg2+ in the blood to 89,1% (1,560,18 mmol/l, p0,05) and decreased in the thymus (to 2,30,7 mg/l), restored the subpopulation of mastocytes saturated with heparin (type A), reduced the number of mastocytes of morphotype D. Conclusion . The mechanoactivated form of magnesium orotate has a normalizing effect on the population of thymic mastocytes, shows pronounced immunomodulatory activity, which allows us to consider it as a potential therapeutic agent for clinical testing in the complex therapy of hypomagnesemia and associated immunodeficiency.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44504012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of neurogenesis and cerebral angiogenesis by cell protein proteolysis products","authors":"E. A. Teplyashina, Y. Komleva, E. V. Lychkovskaya, A. S. Deikhina, A. Salmina","doi":"10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-2-114-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-2-114-126","url":null,"abstract":"Brain development is a unique process characterized by mechanisms defined as neuroplasticity (synaptogenesis, synapse elimination, neurogenesis, and cerebral angiogenesis). Numerous neurodevelopmental disorders brain damage, and aging are manifested by neurological deficits that are caused by aberrant neuroplasticity. The presence of stem and progenitor cells in neurogenic niches of the brain is responsible for the formation of new neurons capable of integrating into preexisting synaptic assemblies. The determining factors for the cells within the neurogenic niche are the activity of the vascular scaffold and the availability of active regulatory molecules that establish the optimal microenvironment. It has been found that regulated intramembrane proteolysis plays an important role in the control of neurogenesis in brain neurogenic niches. Molecules generated by the activity of specific proteases can stimulate or suppress the activity of neural stem and progenitor cells, their proliferation and differentiation, migration and integration of newly formed neurons into synaptic networks. Local neoangiogenesis supports the processes of neurogenesis in neurogenic niches, which is guaranteed by the multivalent action of peptides formed from transmembrane proteins. Identification of new molecules regulating the neuroplasticity (neurogenesis and angiogenesis). i. e. enzymes, substrates, and products of intramembrane proteolysis, will ensure the development of protocols for detecting the neuroplasticity markers and targets for efficient pharmacological modulation.","PeriodicalId":21324,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"114-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45054398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}