Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences最新文献

{"title":"Time Series Analysis of Agricultural Drought and Desertification using Spectral Indices and Satellite Images","authors":"Ayad A.Khalaf, Ali H. Hummadi","doi":"10.25130/tjas.24.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of study to time series analysis of agricultural drought and desertification using Spectral Indices and Landsat Images. A time series of satellite images (TM and OLI) were coducted for the period 1990 to 2022. The located at coordinate 34°52'29.386\"N and 43°26'15.703\" E and the area study is (33.98) km2. The (18) eighteen of satellite images were selected and then image processing was carried out using ERDAS imagen Ver 15 and ArcGIS 10.6. The spectral indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temprature (LST), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Vegetation Health Idex (VHI) were calculated. The regression and correlation coefficient between rainfall and spectral indices were determined using SPSS programm. The result show that VHI at 1990, 2000 and 2010 are sever drought class and its area 63.66, 57.63 and 63.85% respectively. In addition, the simple linear regression and correlation coefficient were positive between a rainfall and spectral indices reach ≥ 0.70. The years 1998, 2008, 2013 and 2022 were suffering from sever drought and desertification compared with 2006, 2016 and 2019, respectively. ","PeriodicalId":213230,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Molecular Substitution of Oats and Chia Powder for Animal Fats on Chemical Indicators and Physical Properties in the Manufacture of Freeze-Preserved Beef Burgers","authors":"Yasser Al-Salam, Mohammed J. Mohammed, H. Ayed","doi":"10.25130/tjas.24.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to find out the effect of molecular substitution of some vegetable sources, namely oatmeal and chia, instead of animal fat, on the manufacture and preservation of low-fat burger patties stored by freezing at a temperature of (-18 ± 2 C) during the storage period for a period of (60) days and follow-up of their characteristics during the storage period by (1, 30, 60) days during which the chemical characteristics were monitored, which included (pH, peroxide number, and percentage of free fatty acids), as well as follow-up on the qualitative characteristics, and compared the factory burger with the commercial one Available in the markets. The burger was made from 80% lean veal and 20% beef fat, which is the standard treatment. The fat was replaced with 50% oatmeal and 50% chia powder for the manufacture of the beef burger. It was also observed a significant decrease in the peroxide values and the percentage of free fatty acids for the replacement treatments compared to the control treatment and the commercial Berger treatment. The results indicated that the percentage of water retention ability, cooking yield, and the percentage of weight loss during cooking increased in the replacement treatments compared to the control treatment. The results also showed a clear and remarkable improvement for all the technological characteristics under study. Therefore, the study recommends the use of oatmeal and chia powder as a substitute for animal fats in the manufacture of burgers.","PeriodicalId":213230,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences","volume":"22 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the kinetic approach for the adsorption of base ions (Ca, Mg, Na, K) by the calm flow method in some soils in the northern of Iraq","authors":"Karman Qadir, Muhammad A J Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.25130/tjas.24.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Four soils were selected from northern Iraq, within the ranks (Mollisols, Inceptisols) from the provinces of Dohuk, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah from different agricultural fields from the root zone (0-0.30 m). Their physicochemical and mineral properties were estimated to study thermally isotropic adsorption by the calm flow method of soil columns using an electrolytic solution. At concentrations of (3) mmol charge.L-1, containing Ca, Mg, K, and Na ions in two repetitions at a constant temperature of approximately 298 ± 2 K. Stabilization filters were collected in which the ions were estimated according to the coefficients. The results indicated that the reactions ranged from medium alkaline to medium acidic. (6.7- (7.8), unaffected by salinity (1.44 - 0.29) dS.m-1 with an ion exchange capacity between (22.43 - (33.9 Cmolc.Kg-1) and is calcareous soil due to its high content of total carbonate minerals (-112) g.kg-1  .In addition to the calcareous origin material, and it has a high clay content (304-534) g.kg-1  with the predominance of smectite, chlorite, Ilite, kaolinite and Ilite clay minerals, the nature of ion exchange using the kinetic entrance of adsorption showed a clear effect of the porous fats and the contact time of the electrolyte solution on the adsorbed quantities depending on the type of soil. Show the mathematical description of the process of arranging the kinetic equations according to their validity as follows: Power > First order > Parabolic > Elovage > Zero order","PeriodicalId":213230,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences","volume":"29 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of adding natural and synthetic antioxidants to broiler drinking water as antistressor on productivity, antioxidant statues and hematological traits under heat stress","authors":"Mahbuba A. Mustafa, Soran A. Othman","doi":"10.25130/tjas.24.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to explore the benefit of adding synthetic and natural antioxidants nutritional additives in drinking water to increase broiler resistance to heat stress in the hot summer climate on productive performance, and physiological status. A total of 600 chicks of broiler (Ross-308) were distributed into ten treatments, each treatment with three replicates of 20 chicks. The treatments of study are: T0: (Positive control: drinking water without adding-DW)- without heat stress, treatments exposed to heat stress: [T1: (Negative control: drinking water without adding-DW, but exposed to heat stress), T2: (100 mg BHT/1 L DW) (BHT – butylhydroxytoluene: synthetic antioxidant), T3: (100 mg vit E/1 L DW) (synthetic antioxidant), T4: (200 mg saffron/1 L DW) (natural antioxidant, T5: (200 mg curcumin/1 L DW), T6: (100 mg saffron+ 50 mg BHT/1 L DW), T7: (100 mg saffron+50 mg vit E/1 L DW), T8: (100 mg curcumin+ 50 mg BHT/1 L DW), T9: (100 mg curcumin+ 50 mg vit E/1 L DW)]. Data of the study analyses and display that the synthetic and natural antioxidants nutritional additives had significantly decreases in the temperature of body parts surface (head, back, under wings, cloaca), general body temperature, mortality%, Malondialdehyde (MDA), heat shock proteins (HSP-40 and HSP -70), Corticosterone hormone concentration in the blood serum and heterophiles: lymphocytes (H/L) ratio. However, body weight, body weight gain, Production index (PI), feasibility (economic profit), water intake (WI), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), super oxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Newcastle (ND), Infectious bursal (IBD) diseases and Infection bronchitis virus (IB), so feed conversion ratio (FCR) had significantly improved in the all treatments of water additive in the treatments of positive control T0 compared with the negative control T1. Whereas, feed intake had non-significant differences among all treatments of the study. In all traits of the study natural antioxidant additives: saffron and curcumin additives seen superiorly","PeriodicalId":213230,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences","volume":"10 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Sowing Date on the Growth and Yield of Three Cultivars of Kale Brassica oleracea L .var.acephala","authors":"Amina Saad Hammoud Hassan Al-Douri, Ammar Hashim Saeed","doi":"10.25130/tjas.24.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out at the research station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape / College of Agriculture / Tikrit University, during the agricultural season 2022-202,  to study the effect of sowing date on the growth and yield of three cultivars of kale. The experiment consisted two factors. The first factor included two sowing dates viz, 15/9/2021 and 1/10/2021, while second factors included three cultivars of kale namely: NeroDiTosccana, Tronchuda and Red Ursa. The experiment was laid out according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a split plot system With three replicares. \u0000     The results showed that, the sowing date 1/10 had highest values in percentage of germination and germination speed, while sowing date 1/10 recorded highest values in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, plant yield and total yield 44.87 cm, 28.62 mm, 2267.5 cm2 plant-1, 529.65 g plant-1 and 17.71 tons ha-1, respectively. Meanwhile,  Nero Di Tosccana cultivar gave significant increment in percentage of germination and plant height, whereas Red Ursa cultivar increased significantly in  stem diameter, leaf area, plant yield and total yield 31.03 mm, 1716.9 cm2 plant-1, 446.99 g plant-1 and  14.99 ton ha-1 respectively. On the other hand, the interaction treatment between sowing date 15/9 and Nero Di Tosccana cultivar had highest values in percentage of germination and plant height. Whereas, sowing date 1/10 and Red Ursa cultivar recorded highest value in germination speed. But, sowing date 15/9 with Red Ursa cultivar gave significant increment in stem diameter, plant yield and total yield. While, the interaction treatment between sowing date 15/9 and Tronchuda cultivar increased significantly in leaf area.","PeriodicalId":213230,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of Cowpea varieties to infestation by Pea blue Butterfly, Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)","authors":"K. Q. Khidher","doi":"10.25130/tjas.24.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"   A field experiment was conducted in the Grdarasha Research Station-College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- Salahaddin University-Erbil-Iraq, to evaluate the susceptibility of four varieties of cowpea crop to infestation by pea blue butterfly, Lampides boeticus L. based on the infestation percentage on different growth stages of the plant including flowering stage, pod stage and the number of holes made by the pest larvae also were calculated. As well as estimating the nature and extent of damages due to pest insect were described. The varieties of cowpea used in this study were Polaris, Japan cowpea, Italy cowpea, and Safal variety. The RCBD design was used for implementing the experiment. The results showed that, the highest percentages of infestation, on the flower stage and pod stage were recorded on the cowpea variety Italy which reached 46.33% and 51.30%, while the lowest percentages were on the Safal variety which were18.52% and 24.86%, respectively, more over the highest number of holes made by the larval stage of the pest insect was recorded on variety Italy 1.99 holes/ pod, and the lowest number was recorded on variety Japan which was 1.24 holes/ pod.","PeriodicalId":213230,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences","volume":"100 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the production and quality of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) by adding biochar and ash to the casing layer","authors":"Bnar J. Jalal, M. Alqaisi","doi":"10.25130/tjas.24.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation was implied to assess the effect of adding different rates of biochar and ash (0, 5, 10, 20 g L -1 casing layer) at the casing layer on production and quality indicator (total yield, biological efficiency, earliness of pinhead and fruit body appear, dry matter and protein content of fruit body) of common mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). The experiment was considered as a double factorial in a complete randomized design. Each treatment replicates three-time. There were significant variances between the four rates of biochar and ash. The highest total yield (2030.7 g 10 Kg-1 compost) was obtained using biochar 20 g L -1 casing layer that was high rate compared with the 2009.5 g 10 Kg-1 compost for the control treatment also lowest total weight in this parameter (1951.1g 10 Kg -1 compost) was obtained from biochar 5 g L -1 . The best protein values (26.871%) were observed in a biochar 20 g L-1 casing layer compared with the lowest rate 17.7115% which was the control, and the second value (25.085%) was observed in an Ash 20 g L-1 casing layer compared with the 18.920% for the control which was the lowest value. These studies will help to determine suitable casing layer conditions and the appropriate alternative casing materials for the cultivation of A. bisporus.","PeriodicalId":213230,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Efficiency of Potassium Fertilizer Sources and Levels on Sesame Growth and Yield in Two Different Gypsum Soils","authors":"Firas Ahmed Alsajri, Mohammed Farhan, Nashmi Hilai","doi":"10.25130/tjas.24.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effect of potassium fertilizer sources and level on sesame growth and yield in two different gypsum soils, two experiments were applied throughout the summer of 2022. The experiments included three factors, which were sources of potassium, potassium sulfate (KK2SO4) and potassium chloride (KKCL), potassium levels, 0 (K00), 75 (K75), 150 (K150), and 300 (K300) kg ha-1, and levels of gypsum in the soil, 6.02 (Soil06.02) and 15.87 (Soil15.87) %. Completely Random Block Design (CRBD) with three replications was used to apply the experiments. The results indicated that KK2SO4 significantly impacted plant height (18%), plant dry weight (8%), branch no (11%), capsules no. (5%), 1000 seeds weight (13%), yield (13%), and oil percentage (9%) compared with KKCL. Similarly, potassium at K300 was significantly higher compared with the other potassium levels. Also, gypsum Soil15.87 significantly impacted plant height (11%), dry weight (11%), capsules no. (5%), 1000 seeds weight (19%), yield (11%), and oil percentage (12%) compared with gypsum soil with 6%. The interactions between the two study factors and among the three study factors effected significantly all the study traits. These results will be beneficial for sesame production and management in the Saladin area, Iraq.","PeriodicalId":213230,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences","volume":"95 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Effect of Biochar and Mycorrhizal Fungi on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Growth and Performance in Calcareous Soil","authors":"Samana Khdir, Khwnaw Rahman","doi":"10.25130/tjas.24.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effect of combined application of biochar and mycorrhizal fungi on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and performance in calcareous soil. The experiment of this study consists of sixteen treatments (two levels of mycorrhiza, two types of manures, and four levels of biochar) as a factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The results showed that Cattle 1 t.h-1+Mycorrhiza treatment produced the maximum plant height, percent N in seeds, percent protein in seeds, weight of the shoot after drying, weight 100 seed, and root length after two months of planting compared to other treatment including Poultry 1 t.h-1+Mycorrhiza. This indicates that Cattle 1 t.h.-1+Mycorrhiza has a higher effect on the performance of wheat than other treatments. In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that combinations of biochar and mycorrhizal fungi have a significant effect on the growth and performance of wheat plants in calcareous soil. Therefore, Cattle1 t.h.-1+Mycorrhiza can be used by farmers to improve their wheat performance in calcareous soil in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":213230,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences","volume":"17 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Gamma Rays on Growth, Yield and Yield Components Eight Traits of Flax Genotypes Linum usitatissimum L","authors":"Saad Edan Abdullah Al_Raheem, A. Anees","doi":"10.25130/tjas.24.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.24.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out at agricultural field in al-Alam districtSallahiddin Governorate during 2020-2021 season to study the Creation of genetic variations in the flax crop as a result of gamma rays. The study factors included four levels of gamma rays, which were 0, 9, 18 and 27 Gy and six genotypes of the flax crop, which were Sakha1, Sakha2, Sakha3, Giza8, Syrian and Poloni, use a completely randomized block design with split plot system and was used three replications, traits studied were Duration to 50% flowering  and Duration of days to maturity, Plant height, Leaves ratio, Number of vegetative branches, Number of capsules Number of seeds, 1000 seeds weight, Plant yield and seed yield.The results of the study indicated that gamma rays had a significant effect on all studied traits, comparison treatment gave a lower value from the number of days to flowering 50% of plants and days to maturity (110.24) and (155.05) days, respectively, while the plants irradiated with the level 9 Gy recorded a significant superiority in the percentage of leaves (21.46) %, while the non-irradiated plants outperformed in the rest of the studied traits. the genotype Sakha1 gave the highest average mean in characteristics of number of vegetative branches (3.63) branch plant-1, number of capsules per plant (54.35) capsule plant-1, individual plant yield (2.22) gm plant-1, and seeds yield (433.63) kg ha-1. As for the interaction, it was significant through the non-irradiated Sakha1 genotype, which gave the highest value of the characteristics of the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds per capsule, individual plant yield and total seed yield (62.22) capsule plant-1 9.96 seed capsule-1 (2.89) g plant-1 (578.60) kg ha-1, respectively.","PeriodicalId":213230,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences","volume":"17 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}