E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Oil, Conflicts, and Political Economy of Migration in Africa: The Nigeria’s Niger Delta Experience","authors":"V. Ojakorotu","doi":"10.38159/ehass.202341410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.202341410","url":null,"abstract":"In most African countries, especially Nigeria, migration is driven by economic hardship, unemployment, poverty, and the search for greener pastures overseas. In Niger Delta, in addition to the factors above, migration is driven by recurrent attacks and conflicts between militants and the Nigerian state over oil. Indeed, negative environmental externalities and violence resulting from long years of oil exploration in this region have made many, especially youths leave the region for safety and livelihood. This article thus examined the implications of oil pollution and other environmental stressors for migrants leaving the region. The paper hypothesized and sought to understand how oil politics and environmental deplorable conditions in this region exacerbate the engagement of illiterate young girls and women to migrate or be trafficked to urban centers as child laborers and sex workers within and outside Nigeria. The paper appraised how oil conflicts and environmental degradation could intensify migration risks among this group of people leaving the region. Utilizing empirical qualitative research design, the paper tested if the migration of youth in this region is partly related to manipulation and the negligence by the Nigerian state to commensurate spending from oil on the development of the region. The paper concluded that the recurrent oil conflicts and environmental conditions in the Niger Delta bring into focus the political economy of migration, globalization, and indigenous, and minority rights and struggles for sustainable means of livelihood.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Conflicts, Livelihood, Migration, Oil, Political economy","PeriodicalId":212587,"journal":{"name":"E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers Knowledge on Indigenous Soil Types: A Review","authors":"S. Rankoana","doi":"10.38159/ehass.202341314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.202341314","url":null,"abstract":"This review explains the significance of smallholder farmers’ understanding of soil types as a dependable basis for subsistence crop production. The data presented in this review was sourced from literature on subsistence farming, indigenous soil nomenclature, and the suitability of various soils for different crop varieties. The review findings revealed four primary soil classifications, specifically loam, clay, sandy, and rocky, each exhibiting distinct variations in texture and colour. Farmers utilise soil texture and colour as indicators of the suitability of soil for certain crops. For example, black clay soil has high moisture retention and low susceptibility to erosion that mitigates the risk of crop failure. Farmers utilise this knowledge to mitigate the impacts of increasing temperatures and unpredictable precipitation patterns on the planting and management of crops. This type of adaptation mechanism could be incorporated into climate change adaptation policy to foster the use of community-based and innovative mechanisms to mitigate and cope with the negative impacts of climate change on subsistence food production.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Indigenous knowledge, ethnopedology, soil taxonomy, climate change, sustainable development, climate adaptation","PeriodicalId":212587,"journal":{"name":"E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Indigenous Knowledge Systems Through the Eye of ‘iintsomi’ (folk tales)","authors":"Zoliswa Jacqueline Made, N. Breakfast","doi":"10.38159/ehass.202341411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.202341411","url":null,"abstract":"The Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) are separate and different from the ‘international knowledge system’, which includes knowledge generated by the scientific community, namely: Universities, research institutions, and private firms. International knowledge is knowledge created based on modern scientific systems, research, and development, which are all part of the global scientific and technological enterprise of human civilization. This knowledge is acquired through formal education and ‘book learning’ and boosted by advanced study, internships, training, and mentoring that essentially ensure that the existing paths and developments for scientific knowledge creation, confirmation, and distribution are maintained and continued, which by and large is western in alignment. Therefore, this article aimed at promoting the value and the role played by Indigenous Knowledge Systems in the community. This was done by analysing the role played by songs in selected iintsomi (folk tales). Methodologically, this was a qualitative study based on a literature review assessment. The central thesis is that Indigenous Knowledge (IK) as opposed to Western universalism originates in a community of locals with a broader cultural background and is rich in its tradition (s), teachings and human conduct. IK is believed to be a critical basis of mannerisms and is the intertwining factor in society.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Indigenous Knowledge (IK), Knowledge, iintsomi (folk tales), Western Universalism","PeriodicalId":212587,"journal":{"name":"E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitalization, Politics, and Governance in Africa","authors":"V. Ojakorotu","doi":"10.38159/ehass.20234141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20234141","url":null,"abstract":"In an era dominated by the omnipresence of digital technologies, the intersection of digitization, governance, and politics has emerged as a pivotal focal point shaping the contours of modern society. The advent of the digital age has revolutionized not only the way we communicate, interact, and conduct business but also fundamentally altered the landscape of governance and political discourse. Digitalization has brought about unprecedented disruptions in governance and politics. The unprecedented flow of information through digitalization has turned the world into what McLuhan[1] predicted as a ‘global village’ into fruition.[2] Therefore, the governance and politics of hitherto compartmented nations have become global in terms of interest and attention.","PeriodicalId":212587,"journal":{"name":"E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Citizen Services through Digital Transformation in Local Government Post COVID-19: Voices of Graduates, South Africa","authors":"Hlengiwe Phetha, Joram Ndlovu","doi":"10.38159/ehass.20234148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20234148","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic hit in 2020 and quickly spread across the world resulting in millions of deaths. The efforts to curtail the spread of the virus during the pandemic resulted in governments across the world pronouncing measures to restrict the movement of people, introducing curfews, instilling travel bans and encouraging people to stay at home. These unprecedented restrictions have resulted in the disruptions of the global economy. Faced with a global menace, the public sector in South Africa is slowly adopting ICT in its operations to improve service delivery. Despite a series of ICT innovative initiatives conducted by corporations during covid-19 environment, local government has been reluctant to adopt ICT in its operations. To understand the role of ICT in creating employment opportunities in the local government during the coronavirus pandemic a qualitative approach was adopted where twenty participants were interviewed. Participants comprised 10 key informants from the public sector and tertiary institutions in KwaZulu-Natal. The results showed that the public sector has failed to transform structurally in major areas to deal with a health crisis. Given the weak transformation of the South African economy due to COVID-19, high numbers of graduates entered the labour market, most of whom were shunning the public sector. To address graduate employability in the public sector, policymakers need to involve graduates in decisions that are attractive to them and use ICT to bring about stability in the public sector and make it an integral part of the well-being of graduates. The failure to integrate graduates into the public sector was found to be due to a lack of certain attributes, serious skills mismatch and a general lack of capacity. Therefore, the public sector should bridge this gap by adopting ICT to meet labour market needs and individual graduates’ attributes. Although the data in this work came from a small sample of key informants, it contributes significantly to expanding the scholarship on Digital Transformation in Local Government post-COVID-19.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Labour Market, Employment, Graduates, Perceptions, ICT.","PeriodicalId":212587,"journal":{"name":"E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Climate Change Threats to Cultural Practices: A Case Study of the Dikgale Community, South Africa","authors":"S. Rankoana","doi":"10.38159/ehass.202341312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.202341312","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists and policymakers are failing to account for the influence of climate change on many facets of cultural life. Much emphasis is placed on the effects of climate change on agriculture, with less emphasis placed on how low crop and livestock output may affect socio-cultural activities. The current study investigated the effects of climate change on the socio-cultural practices of the Dikgale community in South Africa’s Limpopo Province. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 150 participants purposely selected in a rural community. The study’s findings revealed that cultural activities that foster communities’ cohesion are already under threat from the effects of climate change. Temperature fluctuations and irregular rainfall negatively impacted cultural festivities such as the First Fruit Rituals, Rain-making Rituals, Cultural Entertainments, and bride price payment. To complete the rites and meet marital requirements, subsistence crops and cattle are used. Poor subsistence crop and livestock production has left the rituals obsolete, and as a result, these customs are rarely practised and have been supplanted by western practices. If this cultural heritage is lost, rural communities will lose significant social, cultural, and economic values. The study contributes to the less documented intangible cultural heritage dimensions impacted by climate change.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Climate Change, Socio-Cultural Practices, Cultural Heritage, Limpopo Province","PeriodicalId":212587,"journal":{"name":"E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relevance of Gendered Division of Labour to Sustain Indigenous Livelihood Resources in the Era of Climate Change","authors":"S. Rankoana","doi":"10.38159/ehass.202341313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.202341313","url":null,"abstract":"Rural communities procure household food requirements by raising cattle and subsistence crops as well as by collecting wild edible plant materials, which are recently characterized by poor production as a result of climate change. The present study described the impacts of climate change on indigenous food resources and discusses the importance of indigenous gendered division of labour in food procurement using these resources today. Participatory research with a sample of 155 participants was used to collect data. The study findings show that the indigenous division of labour for men and women exists to a lesser extent for the provision of household food requirements. The natural resources exploited for household food security are climate-reliant, and therefore, their production is reduced due to unfavorable rainfall and temperature episodes. Paid labour led men and women to leave their cultural responsibilities, a practice that compromised the indigenous division of labour. The study contributes to the need for a coordinated labour force suggested to ensure food security, which could aid in attaining Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Climate change, livelihood resources, gendered-labour division, patriarchy, Limpopo Province","PeriodicalId":212587,"journal":{"name":"E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking the Role of Local Government in Service Delivery in South Africa: Towards Digital Transformation","authors":"C. Hofisi, Lewis Edwin Chigova","doi":"10.38159/ehass.20234147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20234147","url":null,"abstract":"The article provided insights into why local government and service delivery must be rethought in light of digital transformation. It exposed the significance of digital transformation in solving local government and service delivery challenges. The article followed a qualitative research approach. It employed document analysis and literature review as data collection instruments. It argued that digital transformation can help local governments in South Africa fulfil constitutional obligations and meet policy goals. It demonstrated how digitally transformed local government can solve service delivery problems through the deployment of digital technologies that improve decision-making, cut costs, streamline operations, and offer efficient services. The article revealed that the digital divide, lack of technical expertise, data security concerns and resource constraints are some of the challenges that can affect the digital transformation of local government and service delivery in South Africa. These challenges must be resolved for digital transformation to play a significant role in improving the effectiveness of local government in service delivery. The article recommended that local governments in South Africa digitally transform in ways that foster equality and deliver local government services to all citizens. The article contributes to scholarship advocating for public sector innovation broadly, and specifically, illustrates the criticality of embracing digital transformation of local government and service delivery.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Digital Transformation, Digital Technologies, Local Government, South Africa, Service Delivery","PeriodicalId":212587,"journal":{"name":"E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Strike Your Hands’ in the Book of Ezekiel and Contemporary Ghanaian Christian Practice of Clapping in Prayer: The Problem of Interpretation and Application of Scripture","authors":"Yaw Adu-Gyamfi","doi":"10.38159/ehass.202341311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.202341311","url":null,"abstract":"In contemporary Ghanaian Christianity, clapping of hands in prayer has become an accepted practice. The Book of Ezekiel has been quoted to support this practice. Statements such as ‘When I clap my hands and pray let fire come and consume my enemies; let those against my progress perish’, have become statements in prayers. The focus of the article was to examine these texts in the Book of Ezekiel as to whether it is appropriate for contemporary Ghanaian Christians to use these texts to support their practice. To achieve this, the article subjected the texts in Ezekiel to exegetical exercise through the historical-grammatical method. This exegesis revealed that the practice is an interpretation and application error. This is because a proper exegesis of the texts from Ezekiel clearly shows that the texts have nothing to do with the contemporary Ghanaian Christian clapping in prayer. In fact, one cannot mimic Ezekiel because God has not informed the contemporary Christian to do so. The narrative is descriptive, not prescriptive. It is therefore recommended that Ghanaian Christians who clap their hands in prayer should not base the practice on Ezekiel’s experience. The article impacts positively on scholarship. It especially, demonstrates how biblical symbolic actions should be interpreted and applied. The issues raised can serve as tools for Christian scholars who wish to interpret texts of this nature.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Strike Your Hands, Contemporary Ghanaian Christian Practice, Interpretation, Application","PeriodicalId":212587,"journal":{"name":"E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Impact Analysis of Digitalized Voting System on Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria","authors":"S. C. Agunyai, V. Ojakorotu, Ayodeji Folusho","doi":"10.38159/ehass.20234142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20234142","url":null,"abstract":"Election results in most African countries are hardly transmitted using digitalized devices. This has created room for suspicion and discrediting of electoral integrity in part of Africa. Citizens’ suspicion of the electoral process has not only made many African voters believe that votes hardly count, but it has significantly provoked tendencies of political apathy and indifference during elections in some African countries. Political apathy and indifference are partly responsible for the recruitment of mediocre persons to elective political offices, which in the long run, amount to bad governance. While the occupation of elective public offices by mediocre persons is antithetical to democratic consolidation, Africa’s electoral integrity largely depends on, and can only be sustained if election results are digitalized or transmitted in real time electronically. Although studies have extensively examined and identified factors such as competency, integrity, proven track records, vision, ideology, manifesto, and inducements, among others, as factors influencing voting choice or behavior, evidence is very little on how a digitalized transmission of election results, impacts on voting behavior and consolidates Africa’s democracy, using the elite theory. This article thus expanded knowledge on how a digitalized voting method influences voters’ decisions or choices using the qualitative method. Results indicated that a digitalized voting system could enhance vote count, public trust in election results, and the deepening of democracy in Africa. It concluded that a digitalized voting system has the potential to increase citizens trust in the electioneering process in Nigeria. This is a contribution to the general body of knowledge in e-voting and election administration.\u0000\u0000 Keywords: Behavior, Consolidation Democracy, Digitalize, Voting System","PeriodicalId":212587,"journal":{"name":"E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}