Revista Chilena De Infectologia最新文献

{"title":"[Ocular toxoplasmosis in infants 0 to 12 months of age with congenital toxoplasmosis].","authors":"Laura González V,&nbsp;Olivia Cardozo S,&nbsp;Margarita Samudio A,&nbsp;Mirta Mesquita R","doi":"10.4067/s0716-10182022000200265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182022000200265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is a retinochoroiditis that evolves with several episodes of inflammation and can occur both in the congenital or acquired form of the disease, Aim: To describe the frequency and clinical characteristics of OT in infants aged 0 to 12 months, children of mothers with positive serology for toxoplasmosis in the perinatal period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional descriptive, ambispective study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infants from 0 to 12 months of age, whose mothers had positive serology for toxoplasmosis in the perinatal period, referred to the pediatric ophthalmology service for evaluation, were admitted. Demographic variables, maternal and infant serology and the results of the ophthalmological examination were collected. Data were analyzed in SPSS v21 Results: 46.4% of 125 infants had OT, of them 67.2% were female, (p = 0.04) the median age was 6 months, 41% had IgG and IgM positive. The lesions were bilateral in 82.8%, central in 86.2%, and inactive in 81%. Retinochoroiditis was accompanied by strabismus in 41%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The frequency of OT in this population of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis was high. more than 80% of the eye lesions were inactive, centrally located and bilaterally involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":21190,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena De Infectologia","volume":"39 3","pages":"265-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leclercia adecarboxylata.","authors":"Carlos Espinoza,&nbsp;María José Cabedo,&nbsp;Belén González,&nbsp;Claudia Ramírez","doi":"10.4067/s0716-10182022000200319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182022000200319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21190,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena De Infectologia","volume":"39 3","pages":"319-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Alfredo Helsby Hazell's antivaccine view. Controversies and debates at the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century in Chile].","authors":"Paula Caffarena-Barcenilla","doi":"10.4067/s0716-10182022000200311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182022000200311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reconstructs the main arguments against vaccination that circulated in Chile during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. For this purpose, we will study the figure of Alfredo Helsby Hazell, who was the primary opponent of vaccination in Chile and published several writings in which he developed and disseminated his ideas. We observe that Helsby argued his rejection of vaccination from the defence of hygienism and distrust of the scientific explanations that began to spread from the germ theory. This was articulated with the defence of health as a private sphere of action, criticizing the intervention of the State in such matters.</p>","PeriodicalId":21190,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena De Infectologia","volume":"39 3","pages":"311-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Is it possible that monkeypox can behave as an opportunistic infection in people living with HIV?]","authors":"Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales, Zaira Milena Barbosa-Quintero, Wilmer E Villamil-Gomez","doi":"10.4067/s0716-10182022000200233","DOIUrl":"10.4067/s0716-10182022000200233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21190,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena De Infectologia","volume":"39 3","pages":"233-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Parents' perceptions and intention to vaccinate their children under 12 years of age against COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Peru].","authors":"José A Gonzales-Zamora,&nbsp;David R Soriano-Moreno,&nbsp;Anderson N Soriano,&nbsp;Linda Ponce-Rosas,&nbsp;Abraham De-Los-Rios-Pinto,&nbsp;Valen-Tina Murrieta-Ruiz,&nbsp;Noelia Morocho-Alburqueque,&nbsp;Brenda Caira-Chuquineyra,&nbsp;Jorge Alave","doi":"10.4067/s0716-10182022000200273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182022000200273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the proven efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines, pediatric vaccination coverage remains low in many countries. There are still doubts and fears in parents about vaccination in their children under 12 years of age.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the perceptions and intention of parents to vaccinate their children under 12 years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analytical cross-sectional study based on an online survey that evaluated the parents' perceptions regarding the risk of COVID-19 infection, the need for a vaccine, and the vaccine adverse events in their children under 12 years. We assessed the factors associated with the intention to vaccinate through crude (cPR) and adjusted prevalence rates (aPR), with confidence interval of 95% (CI 95%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>83.5% of respondents had the intention to vaccinate their children under 12 years of age. In the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with a decrease in the intention to vaccinate were to believe that the vaccine was not necessary (aPR 0.65; 95% CI 0.44 - 0.94), that it would not protect (aPR: 0.14; 95% CI 0.03 - 0.63), it would not be safe (aPR: 0.80; 95% CI 0.70 - 0.92) and it would cause long-term side effects (aPR: 0.92; 95% CI 0.85 - 1.00). On the other hand, living on the highlands or jungle was associated with an increase in the intention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Peru, 16.5% of parents would not vaccinate their children under 12 years of age, because they perceived that the vaccine was not necessary and would not protect against COVID-19. In addition, they expressed concerns about the development of possible adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":21190,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena De Infectologia","volume":"39 3","pages":"273-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in students with occupational risk].","authors":"Ignacio Troncoso T,&nbsp;Christof Fischer W,&nbsp;Andrea Cuevas H,&nbsp;Benjamín Cespedes-Cortes,&nbsp;Adela Valenzuela C,&nbsp;Yennifer Flores C,&nbsp;Romy Weinborn A,&nbsp;Paulina Muñoz G,&nbsp;Kristofer Arrué B,&nbsp;Catalina Bustamante C,&nbsp;Jeannette Dabanch P","doi":"10.4067/s0716-10182022000200260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182022000200260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toxoplasmosis is a disease that results from infection with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, one of the world's most common parasites. The zoonotic infection usually occurs by eating undercooked contaminated meat or by contact with contaminated cat feces. A few studies of toxoplasmosis in healthy and immuno-compromised persons were done in Chile, but investigations related to occupational risk groups, such as Veterinary Medicine students were not studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Determine the seroprevalence for T. gondii in Veterinary Medicine students at a university located in the center-south of the country, and evaluated to association with intrinsic variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood samples were taken from 74 veterinary students from a university in south-central Chile. Immunoassay with sequential chemiluminescent was used as diagnostic technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total number of students, 16 were seropositive, which is equivalent to 21.6%, the largest number of seropositive students was female (75%), they were in the age range between 24 and 26 years of age (43.7%), all consumed meat and vegetables (100%) and collected pet cat feces without protection 50 (68,7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results obtained show the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in Veterinary Medicine students. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first serological study for toxoplasmosis performed in university students of Veterinary Medicine in Chile.</p>","PeriodicalId":21190,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena De Infectologia","volume":"39 3","pages":"260-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on the metabolic profile of people with HIV infection in Argentina].","authors":"Edgardo Bottaro,&nbsp;Diego Cecchini,&nbsp;Jamile Ballivian,&nbsp;Diana Pinto,&nbsp;Isabel Cassetti","doi":"10.4067/s0716-10182022000200304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182022000200304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The spread of SARS-CoV-2 required widespread lockdown to mitigate the pandemic. Argentine authorities imposed preventive social isolation for 234 days (March 20th to November 9th 2020). This measure led to major changes in the population's lifestyle.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the influence of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the metabolic profile of HIV-infected patients in Argentina.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study of 10,239 HIV-infected patients under follow up in a private clinic for HIV care. Adult patients with ongoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and a baseline determination of blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides done before lockdown (BL: second semester of 2019) and a second determination during lockdown (DL: May 2020) were included. Patients with recent changes in ART that may have metabolic impact, those starting lipid/glucose lowering agents and pregnant women were excluded. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test, and continuous variables using the t-test or the Mann-Whitney test. A two-tailed value of p < 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>540 individuals were included, median of age was 47 years and 74.6% were male. Median body mass index was 26.1 and 94.6% had low cardiovascular risk. There was a significant increase in the percentage of patients that met criteria for hyperglycemia (BL 4.8% and DL 8.5%, p < 0.001). We also observed significant (p < 0.001) increase in median (IQR) BL vs DL values in LDL-cholesterol [109 (90-128) vs 118 (97-139) mg/dL]; and triglycerides [120 (87-172) vs. 132 mg/dL (96-184)]. The proportion of patients with hyper-LDL cholesterolemia according to individual cardiovascular risk increased from 12.6 to 17.2% (p = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that quarantine, at least in its initial phases, may have a negative impact on the metabolic profile of this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":21190,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena De Infectologia","volume":"39 3","pages":"304-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[First isolates of Enterobacter cloacae complex co-producing KPC and NDM in a second level hospital in City of Panama].","authors":"Olmedo Villarreal,&nbsp;Ángela Zurita,&nbsp;Anisabel González","doi":"10.4067/s0716-10182022000200361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182022000200361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterobacterales co-producing carbapenemases have awakened health alerts in Latin America. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales harboring KPC and NDM-1 are resistant to almost all existing antibiotics. Panama reports KPC since 2010, and NDM since 2011, however, Enterobacterales with double carbapenemase production is new to our hospitals. We present the first two isolates of Enterobacter cloacae complex co-producing KPC and NDM, in a second level hospital in Panama City. Strengthening epidemiological surveillance systems in hospitals allows to carry out timely detection of these new combinations of resistance; to implement outbreak prevention and control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":21190,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena De Infectologia","volume":"39 3","pages":"361-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33482548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Tuberculosis: the counterpoint of progress].","authors":"Alejandro Aguayo-Reyes,&nbsp;Sergio Mella-Montecinos,&nbsp;Martha Quezada-Siles,&nbsp;Gisela Riedel-Molina,&nbsp;Miguel Aguayo-Castillo","doi":"10.4067/s0716-10182022000200330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182022000200330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Along history, infectious diseases have had a direct influence in the development of humanity, with tuberculosis showing a leading role. Despite this disease being the main cause of mortality among infectious diseases, it remains neglected and constitutes a serious public health problem, especially among the poorest countries in the world. Tuberculosis greatest importance goes beyond Medicine, and a holistic view of the disease allows us to comprehend the economic and social development of a nation. Despite a historically successful control program in Chile, current figures are not auspicious and force upon us the need to address this problem with a multidisciplinary approach. The medical physician is required to put again into practice the fundamental principle of Medicine, Semiology to contribute to the control of tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21190,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena De Infectologia","volume":"39 3","pages":"330-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pneumonia by Pneumocystis jirovecii after COVID-19 in non-HIV patient].","authors":"María Amparo-Vicente,&nbsp;Elena Morte","doi":"10.4067/s0716-10182022000200357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182022000200357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection by Pneumocystis jirovecii in patients with severe respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a situation that we must take into account today. Corticotherapy along with other risk factors predisposes to it. It is a diagnostic challenge and, after treatment, the prognosis is favorable. We report the case of a male with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 who received corticosteroid treatment, later developing pneumonia due to P. jiroveci.</p>","PeriodicalId":21190,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chilena De Infectologia","volume":"39 3","pages":"357-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33482547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}