One Health & Implementation Research最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in exotic pets from France: a comprehensive study (2017-2019)","authors":"Sandro Cardoso, Aurélie Le Loc’h, Inês Marques, A. Almeida, Sérgio Sousa, M. J. Saavedra, Sofia Anastácio, Eduarda Silveira","doi":"10.20517/ohir.2023.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2023.30","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study intends to assess the occurrence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) resistant pathogens among exotic pets from France (2017-2019). Methods: Isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for 21 antimicrobials and was assayed by disk diffusion methods. Statistical analyses were carried out using GraphPad Prism® (version 9.4.1.). Results: Isolates (n = 2,100) recovered from samples of 10 small mammals (n = 1,555), 23 birds (n = 287), and 18 reptiles (n = 208) species were identified as Enterobacterales (n = 634), Pseudomonadaceae (n = 176), Pasteurellacea (n = 276), Staphylococcaceae (n = 563) , Streptococcaceae (n = 259), and Enterococcaceae (n = 186). Consistent high resistance rates were observed among diverse genera and/or species to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and macrolides. Notably, a significant prevalence of MDR bacteria was identified, with 22.8% (n = 479/2,100, P < 0.05). Furthermore, 23.5% (P < 0.05) of these MDR bacteria displayed resistance to all tested antimicrobials: E. faecalis (n = 47/49; 95.0%), E. coli (n = 19/52; 36.5%), Klebsiella spp. (n = 12/32; 37.5%), S. epidermidis (n = 7/25; 28%), Streptococcus spp. (n = 6/68; 8.8%), Enterococcus spp. (n = 6/23; 26%), Staphylococcus spp. (n = 4/51; 7.8%), Lactococcus spp. (n = 4/8; 50%), Citrobacter spp. (n = 3/7; 42.8%), Raoultella spp. (n = 2/3; 66.6%), Serratia spp. (n = 1/9; 11.1%), Pasteurella spp. (n = 1/14; 7.1%), and S. xylosus (n = 1/28; 3.5%). Conclusions: This study emphasizes exotic pets as an emergent reservoir of MDR bacteria, focusing on E. faecalis as a potential route of transmission of MDR bacteria to humans, other animal species and environment. Urgent measures, including the establishment of mandatory monitoring for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the enforcement of restrictive antibiotic use policies in exotic pets, should be implemented to mitigate the risk of further spread and safeguard public and animal health.","PeriodicalId":211706,"journal":{"name":"One Health &amp; Implementation Research","volume":"6 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies exposure and prophylaxis among dog owners in Ogun State, Nigeria: a descriptive and categorical analysis of knowledge, attitudes and practices","authors":"I. O. Akanbi, O. Ishola, B. Olugasa, I. M. Akanbi, A. O. Olarinmoye","doi":"10.20517/ohir.2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rabies, a deadly viral human-animal disease, remains endemic in Nigeria. Identifying gaps in rabies knowledge, attitudes, and practices among dog owners in communities within Southwestern Nigeria remains a public health goal. This cross-sectional study investigated the knowledge of and attitudes to rabies exposure, prophylaxis and associated factors, and practices during rabies exposure and prophylaxis among dog owners in Ogun State, Nigeria.\u0000 Methods: Using multistage sampling technique, 500 dog owners were randomly selected and interviewed with a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data collected on their socio-demographics, knowledge of and attitudes to rabies exposure and prophylaxis, and practices during rabies exposure and prophylaxis were evaluated using descriptive and categorical analysis.\u0000 Results: The majority of the respondents were female (53.0%; 265 respondents of 500 respondents), 32 years old (54.6%; 273 of 500), and had primary and secondary education (53.2%; 266 of 500 respondents). The majority (60.0%; 300 of 500 respondents) allowed their dogs to roam the streets, but only 120 (24.0%) had vaccinated their dogs up to date. Of the 500 respondents, 145 (29%) had experienced dog bites, but few (4.1%; 6 of 145) received rabies vaccine, and even fewer (2.8%; 4 of 145) completed the regimen. Proportions of respondents with knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with higher rabies risks were 37.8%, 59.4%, and 97.6%, respectively. Age (P = 0.01), education (P = 0.04), short-term dog ownership (P = 0.01), and occupation (P = 0.01) were factors associated with their practices in relation to higher rabies risks.\u0000 Conclusion: The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dog owners towards rabies exposure portends a high risk. Public health interventions to achieve behavioural change, and the enforcement of dog vaccination and leash laws are highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":211706,"journal":{"name":"One Health &amp; Implementation Research","volume":"2016 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing One Health capacity and networks through virtual training","authors":"Maria de la Puente Arevalo, Jenny Maud, Alessandra Alviti, Hao Tang, Acty George, Heather Simmons, David Castellan, B. Siriaroonrat, Eimear O Neill, Achila Longchar, Rodrigo J. Nova, Wilmot Chikurunhe, M. Obonyo, Scott Newman, Madhur Dhingra, Keith Sumption","doi":"10.20517/ohir.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Virtual Learning Centers (VLCs) deliver online tutored courses with the aim of developing field capacity to integrate wildlife and ecosystem elements to approach One Health challenges. These courses also aim to create networks of professionals under the One Health umbrella. \u0000 These courses cater to professionals from a variety of organizations and with a wide range of expertise, including animal health, public health, wildlife and natural resource management. The courses combine self-directed interactive modules with virtual workshops focusing on problem-based learning case studies (PBLs). Additionally, participants are encouraged to participate in an online asynchronous discussion forum. \u0000 Each course is delivered for multiple countries within a FAO region and is tailored to cover specific One Health topic areas. Once the topic area is defined, subject matter experts and the regional VLC build the training activities by developing course-specific PBLs and selecting up to five self-directed modules that introduce concepts related to those PBLs from the course catalog of training materials. The development of the training materials and the delivery of each course involves a multidisciplinary team of professionals from different countries and backgrounds. \u0000 The course was piloted for the Pacific Islands in 2021 and then run for other regions such as Southern Africa and Eastern Africa. In the future, this training activity could also be delivered in a blended format, combining virtual learning with face-to-face workshops.","PeriodicalId":211706,"journal":{"name":"One Health &amp; Implementation Research","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132579114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapid assessment method to estimate the prevalence of ectoparasitoses in Brazil: tungiasis and scabies as case studies","authors":"J. Heukelbach, Nathiel de Sousa Silva","doi":"10.20517/ohir.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"The epidemiologies of the ectoparasitoses tungiasis and scabies are unknown, and their distribution has not been described systematically in Brazil. We developed a rapid assessment method (RAM) based on an online questionnaire as a new tool to assess the prevalence of tungiasis and scabies and severe disease at the municipality level in the state of Ceará in northeast Brazil. As a first step, online records of tungiasis and scabies were collected from scientific publications, lay media, and the gray literature. Then, an image-based RAM with questions about the prevalence of these diseases, severe diseases, and animal reservoirs was developed as an online open questionnaire. Valid responses were obtained from 1265 respondents, primarily health professionals, from all 184 municipalities in the state. The literature review returned results for only two municipalities. The number of responses from the online questionnaires differed considerably between municipalities (one to 104 responses/municipality). Active contact with municipality health secretariats increased the number of respondents, especially community health agents. The RAM obtained consistent results regarding the prevalence and other epidemiological information. Our approach rapidly obtained primary data on the occurrence of these two important but neglected ectoparasitoses at the municipality level without considerable cost. This approach provides information for planning evidence-based control measures and identifying high-risk areas for focused studies. The RAM can easily be adapted and extended to other settings, countries, and diseases.","PeriodicalId":211706,"journal":{"name":"One Health &amp; Implementation Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121447909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capacity building for wildlife health professionals: the Wildlife Health Bridge","authors":"A. Meredith, N. Anderson, Pradeep Malik, P. Nigam, Alexandra Thomas, N. Masters, Amanda Guthrie, Hannah Davidson, Stuart Patterson, R. Amin, L. Skerratt, R. Kock, A. Sainsbury","doi":"10.20517/ohir.2022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2022.03","url":null,"abstract":"The Wildlife Health Bridge was established in 2009 with the aim of improving the expertise and knowledge base of wildlife health professionals in biodiverse low- and middle-income countries. The Wildlife Health Bridge centres around partnerships among educational institutions: the Zoological Society of London, the Royal Veterinary College, the University of Edinburgh’s Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, the Wildlife Institute of India, and the University of Melbourne Veterinary School. The Wildlife Health Bridge provides quality education in wildlife health, ecosystem health, and wildlife biology, facilitates the interchange of students between collaborating countries for research studies and provides a global graduate network of wildlife health professionals. In addition to established Masters’ level wildlife health training programmes run by the partner organisations, the Wildlife Health Bridge has developed a collaborative field-based course, Interventions in Wild Animal Health, provided annually in India since 2016, which has trained 138 veterinarians to date, enhancing local and international capacity in managing emerging wildlife health issues and building global professional linkages. The Wildlife Health Bridge’s Wild Animal Alumni network facilitates networking and exchange between Wildlife Health Bridge institutions and graduates, with over 701 members from 67 countries, half of which are biodiverse low- and middle-income countries. Collaboration between educational institutions has enabled new ideas and ongoing developments in the delivery of materials and learning outcomes. The Wildlife Health Bridge is building global capacity in trained wildlife health professionals, through educational programmes and a synergised network, with the aim of impacting conservation practice to benefit human, domestic animal and wildlife health.","PeriodicalId":211706,"journal":{"name":"One Health &amp; Implementation Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127407800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Onchocercal skin disease in Benue state, Nigeria: integrated assessment of burden and psychosocial impact, and associated factors","authors":"U. Ugbomoiko, Asen Bem, Abdulkareen Olarewaju Babamale, Rukayat Queen Adegbola, Nyamngee Amase, C. Alencar, J. Heukelbach","doi":"10.20517/ohir.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: We aimed to measure the degree to which onchocercal skin disease (OSD) impairs quality of life (QoL) in endemic resource-poor communities in the Ushongo, Kwande, and Katsina-ale local government areas of Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: We evaluated the skin characteristics and QoL of 307 children and adults with OSD using a modified dermatological life quality index (mDLQI). Assessment of OSD was conducted and scored using mDLQI from 0 (no effects) to 18 (large effects). Thereafter, structured questionnaires were applied to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and predictors of moderate and severe OSD patients. Results: In total, 235/307 (76.5%) participants presented onchocercal nodules; chronic papular dermatitis was found in 68 (22.1%). A total of 288 (93.8%) had two or more OSD-associated symptoms. The median mDLQI score was 0 [interquartile range (IQR): 0-0] in children and 5 in adults (IQR: 2-8). A higher mDLQI median score was observed in farmers. There was a statistically significant difference between children and adults (P < 0.001). The most frequently reported impairments were social exclusion, embarrassment/shame, and restriction from work/leisure activities. In logistic regression analysis, there was a significant association with increasing age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.21-1.71; P < 0.001) and visual impairment (AOR = 1.78; 95%CI: 1.02-3.10; P = 0.040) with severe mDLQI. Papular rash was an independent protective factor (AOR = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.27-0.93; P = 0.030). Conclusion: Onchocerciasis-related morbidity has a profound measurable impact on the individual QoL, affecting the overall socioeconomic well-being of the affected community, if left untreated. Therefore, strict supervision and follow-up of home-based mass treatment with ivermectin are vital for successful control of the disease and to reduce the burden on affected communities.","PeriodicalId":211706,"journal":{"name":"One Health &amp; Implementation Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133517146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of free education for public health and for social transformation","authors":"Maria Lins Calheiros Calheiros","doi":"10.20517/ohir.2022.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2022.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211706,"journal":{"name":"One Health &amp; Implementation Research","volume":"17 13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134437118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remembrance and oblivion in vaccine development and vaccination coverage rates in Brazil: addressing vaccinology based on the One Health perspective","authors":"J. A. B. Chies, J. Ellwanger","doi":"10.20517/ohir.2022.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2022.42","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of funds or interest from industry delays vaccine development. In 2016, a SARS vaccine was listed among the top ten in Research & Development (R&D), but this and several other vaccines were \"put in a freezer\" for different reasons. This can have devastating public health consequences when a pandemic such as COVID-19 emerges. In Brazil, vaccine coverage rates have dropped significantly in recent times, facilitating the reemergence of diseases that were \"forgotten\" by the Brazilian population. In past years, Brazil was considered by the international community as a good example and model concerning mass immunization programs. These achievements need to be remembered and rescued as a public health strategy. Investing in vaccine R&D is fundamental to the prevention and control of infectious diseases. However, this action must be integrated into a broader strategy considering the prevention of emerging diseases by maintaining ecosystems' function and preserving human, animal and environmental health (One Health perspective). Otherwise, advances in vaccine R&D will be constantly overtaken by the emergence of new disease outbreaks. Discussion on how to accelerate vaccine development and licensure is still needed, and the One Health perspective can help us to face emerging health challenges. These and other critical points involving vaccine-related issues are addressed in this article, with a focus on the Brazilian context. Finally, some solutions to deal with these problems are suggested.","PeriodicalId":211706,"journal":{"name":"One Health &amp; Implementation Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127364539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO’s latest rabies recommendations and guidance save lives and reduce the cost of treatment","authors":"Katrin Bote, D. Nadal, Bernadette Abela","doi":"10.20517/ohir.2022.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2022.46","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies vaccination is a crucial part of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), but it tends to consist of long and costly regimens of intramuscular (IM) injections. Most human rabies deaths are caused by delayed access, unaffordability or ineffective delivery of PEP. Reducing these barriers is crucial to ensure that this incurable yet preventable disease does not cost lives. In 2022, WHO published new guidance towards the introduction or expansion of rabies vaccination into national immunization programmes to systematically drive down human rabies deaths effectively and cost-efficiently. Such guidance grounds on the latest scientific recommendation provided by WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group of Experts in 2018. WHO recommends a shortened 1-week rabies vaccination schedule, with visits on days 0, 3 and 7. On each visit, a 2-site intradermal (ID) injection (using only 0.1 ml of vaccine in each site) is administered. ID administration allows for vials to be shared among several patients within a 6-8 hours timeline. Compared to IM administration, ID is cost- and dose-sparing, even in low-throughput clinics. Additionally, this regimen requires only 3 visits to the healthcare facility, improving patient compliance. However, the uptake of this shortened ID regimen remains limited. It should now be a matter of urgency for Health Ministries in rabies-endemic settings to adopt the WHO-recommended shortened ID vaccination schedule and ensure appropriate medical training to improve PEP delivery. This will enable countries to improve PEP delivery and allow underserved populations to access affordable, life-saving rabies vaccines.","PeriodicalId":211706,"journal":{"name":"One Health &amp; Implementation Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128617264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between socioeconomic and public health indicators and the case-fatality rate of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Annika Kreienbrinck, H. Zeeb, H. Becher","doi":"10.20517/ohir.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate the influence of socioeconomic and public health indicators on the COVID-19 case-fatality rate (CFR) in sub-Saharan African countries. Methods: Ecological study using publicly available, aggregated COVID-19 data, between February 2020 to May 2021, from 46 sub-Saharan African countries. As the outcome of interest, country-specific CFRs were calculated for five 13-week periods. Spatial and temporal distributions of the variables were analysed, and negative binomial regressions with rate ratios (RR) were conducted to estimate the association between socioeconomic and public health indicators with CFR of COVID-19. Results: There were 1.7 million confirmed COVID-19 cases and 29,685 deaths in the 46 sub-Saharan African countries during the investigated time period. The median CFR was between 1% and 2%. A higher human development index (RR = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.63-1.02), higher political stability index (RR = 0.94; 95%CI: 0.90-1.00), higher number of hospital beds (RR = 0.84; 95%CI: 0.73-0.97), and higher population density (RR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.71-1.01) resulted in a lower CFR. Elevated prevalence of diabetes mellitus (RR = 1.56; 95%CI: 0.99-2.45) and cardiovascular disease mortality (RR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.04-2.20) were associated with higher CFR. Chronic respiratory disease and handwashing facilities presented little to no effects on COVID-19 CFR. Conclusion: The results draw attention to the vulnerabilities of the sub-Saharan African region which must be considered in the interpretation of our study. Nevertheless, the potential benefits of a lower proportion of pre-existing medical conditions and the young age structure seem to be contrasted by challenges due to socioeconomic and public health factors, which may present possible drivers of CFR on a population level.","PeriodicalId":211706,"journal":{"name":"One Health &amp; Implementation Research","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116637011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}