{"title":"2 Corporate Purpose and Governance for a Livable Planet","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300262919-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300262919-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211447,"journal":{"name":"Prosperity in the Fossil-Free Economy","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130684409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trade","authors":"Melissa K. Scanlan","doi":"10.12987/yale/9780300253993.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300253993.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter recounts international leaders that emphasized trade as a way to build prosperity and promote peaceful relations during post–World War II. It mentions that the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade has established the framework for trading goods since 1947. It also details how international trade brings greater variety of markets, lower prices, and opportunities for both importing and exporting countries, and global relationships between producers and consumers. The chapter refers to international trade agreements that were not primarily concerned with protecting the environment or broadly sharing wealth generated from trade. It explains how the unsustainable use of the climate, fresh water, forests, and farmland escalated in parallel to trading that soared after the formation of the World Trade Organization.","PeriodicalId":211447,"journal":{"name":"Prosperity in the Fossil-Free Economy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125618615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corporate Purpose and Governance for a Livable Planet","authors":"Melissa K. Scanlan","doi":"10.12987/yale/9780300253993.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300253993.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the role of business law within the field of environmental law. It makes the case that environmental law has largely ignored business law and economic system dynamics. It also explains shareholder primacy as a law or norm of investor-owned corporations by integrating the work of business law scholars. The chapter discusses how the norm shapes corporate purpose and undermines Sustainable Development Goals and decarbonization. It looks at proposals that could transform the corporation, including creating an environmental priority principle in law, defining corporate purpose to benefit stakeholders, and sparking social enterprise for innovative entrepreneurs and conversions of existing businesses.","PeriodicalId":211447,"journal":{"name":"Prosperity in the Fossil-Free Economy","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115616226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water","authors":"Melissa K. Scanlan","doi":"10.12987/yale/9780300253993.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300253993.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter talks about water, which is essential for life and is recognized as a human right. It emphasizes how the invisible system of buried pipes and infrastructure that delivers water is largely forgotten when it is easy, clean, and inexpensive to turn on the tap. It also mentions that climate change threatens water security, even for those with generally reliable water services. The chapter emphasizes that flooding and drought challenge the systems for supplying water and cleaning sewage before returning to rivers and lakes. It clarifies the relation between water and energy, which shows how the energy footprint of delivering clean water and then treating it as municipal sewage is part of the water–energy nexus.","PeriodicalId":211447,"journal":{"name":"Prosperity in the Fossil-Free Economy","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127653615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"4 The Cooperative Difference, Private Governance, and the Law","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300262919-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300262919-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211447,"journal":{"name":"Prosperity in the Fossil-Free Economy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117203258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"8 Renewable Energy","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300262919-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300262919-011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211447,"journal":{"name":"Prosperity in the Fossil-Free Economy","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122674270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3 Social Enterprise Design","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300262919-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300262919-005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211447,"journal":{"name":"Prosperity in the Fossil-Free Economy","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126610524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Enterprise Design","authors":"Melissa K. Scanlan","doi":"10.12987/yale/9780300253993.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300253993.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter cites the corporate reform proposal that develops social enterprises further and deeply explores emerging and enduring forms. It explains the third-party B Corp certification and design of a business as a benefit corporation, which directly challenges shareholder primacy and provides an alternative enterprise design for multi-stakeholder businesses. It also analyzes scholarship from a variety of disciplines, which brings out the strengths and weaknesses of alternative to investor-owned corporations. The chapter mentions the emerging and most enduring values-based business form: cooperatives. It provides a broad introduction to the history, theories, economic impact, and values and principles of cooperatives as a form of enterprise, which could be utilized to address the most pressing sustainable development issues of the twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":211447,"journal":{"name":"Prosperity in the Fossil-Free Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128871284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable by Design","authors":"Melissa K. Scanlan","doi":"10.12987/yale/9780300253993.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300253993.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines different understandings when using the term “sustainable,” such as in traditional business circles where it means running a business profitably but has no relation to environmental outcomes. It points out that the ambiguity of the term “sustainable” has allowed corporations to pursue business by “greenwashing” their behavior to gain market share. It also defines sustainable development as a development that creates economic, environmental, and social benefits that improve the living standards of current and future generations. The chapter talks about the 1987 Brundtland Report, delivered at the Earth Summit, which gave two key concepts in sustainable development: overriding priority over the essential needs of the world's poor and meeting present and future needs that may be limited by the state of technology and social organization. It elaborates how the concepts recognize that ecological and other crises will persist in a world with widespread poverty and inequity.","PeriodicalId":211447,"journal":{"name":"Prosperity in the Fossil-Free Economy","volume":"19 Suppl 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132215058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"12 Trade","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300262919-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300262919-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211447,"journal":{"name":"Prosperity in the Fossil-Free Economy","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123606964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}