Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Qualitative analysis of the health system effects of a community-based malaria elimination program in Rwanda.","authors":"Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade Abejirinde, Chantal Marie Ingabire, Michele van Vugt, Leon Mutesa, Bart van den Borne, Jamiu O Busari","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S158131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S158131","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To identify the health system-strengthening role of a community-based malaria elimination program in Ruhuha, Rwanda, and the ways by which health system effects may have been achieved. Materials and methods Qualitative data were collected through 14 semi-structured in-depth interviews and five focus group discussions with various stakeholders. These data were supported by analysis of project documents. Results Use of a transdisciplinary approach allowed the program to influence several crosscutting issues spanning four broad areas – social collaboration; capacity building; structural alignment; and knowledge translation. Health system effects were identified mostly at the micro (i.e., district) level, with limited impact on strengthening national and subnational policies. Although systems thinking was not explicitly applied, the project had positive spillover effects on the health system. These include expanding the informal health workforce and introducing innovative approaches aligned to the national malaria strategy for vector control. Findings also show that the elimination program contributed to an increased understanding of the transmission dynamics of malaria in Ruhuha. Conclusion The community-based malaria elimination program in Ruhuha successfully created a stable foundation for community mobilization toward malaria control, and explored innovative ways for long-term financing for malaria elimination. The transdisciplinary nature of the project, use of horizontal facilitation techniques for community engagement, and the sociocultural context in which the program was implemented are possible mechanisms by which systems strengthening was achieved. The knowledge gained from this assessment can be used to improve future community-focused interventions for malaria control, and develop a sustainable strategy for community engagement in health care.","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"9 ","pages":"63-75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S158131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36347988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular diagnosis of microbial copathogens with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Oaxaca, Mexico.","authors":"Luis Román Ramírez-Palacios,&nbsp;Diana Reséndez-Pérez,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla,&nbsp;Santiago Saavedra-Alonso,&nbsp;Olga Real-Najarro,&nbsp;Nadia A Fernández-Santos,&nbsp;Mario A Rodriguez Perez","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S144075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S144075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple factors have been associated with the severity of infection by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. These include H1N1 cases with proven coinfections showing clinical association with bacterial contagions.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective was to identify H1N1 and copathogens in the Oaxaca (Mexico) population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2009 to 2012. A total of 88 study patients with confirmed H1N1 by quantitative RT-PCR were recruited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total nucleic acid from clinical samples of study patients was analyzed using a TessArray RPM-Flu microarray assay to identify other respiratory pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High prevalence of copathogens (77.3%; 68 patients harbored one to three pathogens), predominantly from <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Haemophilus</i>, <i>Neisseria</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i>, were detected. Three patients (3.4%) had four or five respiratory copathogens, whereas others (19.3%) had no copathogens. Copathogenic occurrence with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was 5.7%, Coxsackie virus 2.3%, <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> 1.1%, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> 1.1%, and parainfluenza virus 3 1.1%. The number of patients with copathogens was four times higher to those with H1N1 alone (80.68% and 19.32%, respectively). Four individuals (4.5%; two males, one female, and one infant) who died due to H1N1 were observed to have harbored such copathogens as <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Haemophilus</i>, and <i>Neisseria</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, copathogens were found in a significant number (>50%) of cases of influenza in Oaxaca. Timely detection of coinfections producing increased acuity or severity of disease and treatment of affected patients is urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"9 ","pages":"49-62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S144075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36347987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Loa loa</i> infection detection using biomarkers: current perspectives.","authors":"Jean Paul Akue,&nbsp;Elsa-Rush Eyang-Assengone,&nbsp;Roland Dieki","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S132380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S132380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Loa loa</i> is originally a restricted filarial worm from central Africa and some west African countries. However, numerous imported cases are being reported throughout the world due to human movement. Traditionally, its diagnosis is based on identification of microfilariae in the peripheral blood or the passage of the adult worm under the conjunctiva. However, few patients have microfilariae in their peripheral blood, while the majority of infected people are amicrofilaremic (without microfilariae in their blood), despite clinical symptoms suggesting <i>L. loa</i> infection. This situation suggests that diagnoses based on the presence of microfilariae in the blood or the ocular passage of an adult worm, are not sensitive. Therefore, it seems necessary to search for biomarkers to remedy this situation. Furthermore, <i>L. loa</i> is a major obstacle in the control of other filarial worms in areas where these filariae are co-endemic. To develop a diagnostic tool based on a biomarker, several approaches have been considered using antibodies, antigens or nucleic acid detection. However, none of the diagnostic techniques in loiasis based on biomarkers has reached the point of care as have microscopic detection of microfilariae or observation of ocular passage of a worm.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"9 ","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S132380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36347986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diarrheal knowledge and preventative behaviors among the caregivers of children under 5 years of age on the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia.","authors":"Hasan S Merali, Mieko S Morgan, Chaweewon Boonshuyar","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S156702","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRTM.S156702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although Cambodia has made significant progress toward lowering the under-five mortality rate since 2000, diarrhea still accounts for 6% of the total number of these deaths. A vast majority of these deaths is preventable. In this study, we sought to examine diarrheal knowledge and preventative behaviors of caregivers of children under the age of 5 years, to determine caregiver factors associated with knowledge and behavior scores.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional household-level study conducted in two floating villages on the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia between January and February 2014. Caregivers of children under 5 years of age in the villages of Steung Trov and Moat Khla were asked 31 true or false questions to assess their knowledge of diarrhea. They also filled out a questionnaire to assess diarrhea preventative behaviors (DPBs). Comparison of mean scores to categorical caregiver variables was performed using one-way ANOVA analysis. Spearman's rank correlation was applied to identify the relationship between the knowledge and preventative behavior scores and independent quantitative variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 101 caregivers of 161 children under 5 years of age were interviewed. The majority of them (85.1%) was classified as having good knowledge and scored >80% on the assessment. Those with Khmer ethnicity (mean=28.10) scored significantly higher than those with Vietnamese ethnicity (mean 26.00; <i>p</i>=0.004). Older age was correlated with higher knowledge scores (ρ=0.2260; <i>p</i>=0.023) and DPB scores (ρ=0.2320; <i>p</i>=0.019). Significant differences were found between the DPB score and ethnicity, educational background, and wealth (<i>p</i><0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the majority of caregivers had high diarrheal knowledge scores, preventative behaviors for diarrhea as assessed by this study were poor among almost all study participants. Vietnamese, wealthier, older, and more educated participants had better prevention scores. Future interventions in this remote region may benefit from these data as a guide to determine which specific preventative behaviors should be targeted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"9 ","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/34/29/rrtm-9-035.PMC6047598.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36347985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination of lymphatic filariasis: current perspectives on mass drug administration.","authors":"John O Gyapong, Irene O Owusu, Frances B da-Costa Vroom, Ernest O Mensah, Margaret Gyapong","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S125204","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRTM.S125204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the London declaration on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in 2012 and inspired by the WHO 2020 roadmap to control or eliminate NTDs, the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) intensified preventive chemotherapy and management of morbidity as the two main strategies to enhance progress towards the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF). This paper focuses on current perspectives of mass drug administration (MDA) towards the elimination of LF. The goal of MDA is to reduce the density of parasites circulating in the blood of infected persons and the intensity of infection in communities to levels where transmission is no longer sustainable by the mosquito vector. Three drugs, diethylcarbamazine, albendazole, and ivermectin are currently available for LF treatment, and their effectiveness and relative safety have opened the possibility of treating the entire population at risk. Currently, almost all LF endemic countries rely on the single-dose two-drug regimen recommended by the GPELF to achieve elimination. The 4th WHO report on NTDs has indicated that considerable progress has been made towards elimination of LF in some countries while acknowledging some challenges. In this review, we conclude that the 2020 elimination goal can be achieved if issues pertaining to the drug distribution, health system and implementation challenges are addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"9 ","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/04/7d/rrtm-9-025.PMC6047620.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36347984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mansonellosis: current perspectives.","authors":"Thuy-Huong Ta-Tang, James L Crainey, Rory J Post, Sergio Lb Luz, José M Rubio","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S125750","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRTM.S125750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mansonellosis is a filarial disease caused by three species of filarial (nematode) parasites (<i>Mansonella perstans</i>, <i>Mansonella streptocerca</i>, and <i>Mansonella ozzardi</i>) that use humans as their main definitive hosts. These parasites are transmitted from person to person by bloodsucking females from two families of flies (Diptera). Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) transmit all three species of <i>Mansonella</i>, but blackflies (Simuliidae) are also known to play a role in the transmission of <i>M. ozzardi</i> in parts of Latin America. <i>M. perstans</i> and <i>M. streptocerca</i> are endemic in western, eastern, and central Africa, and <i>M. perstans</i> is also present in the neotropical region from equatorial Brazil to the Caribbean coast. <i>M. ozzardi</i> has a patchy distribution in Latin America and the Caribbean. Mansonellosis infections are thought to have little pathogenicity and to be almost always asymptomatic, but occasionally causing itching, joint pains, enlarged lymph glands, and vague abdominal symptoms. In Brazil, <i>M. ozzardi</i> infections are also associated with corneal lesions. Diagnosis is usually performed by detecting microfilariae in peripheral blood or skin without any periodicity. There is no standard treatment at present for mansonellosis. The combination therapy of diethylcarbamazine plus mebendazole for <i>M. perstans</i> microfilaremia is presently one of the most widely used, but the use of ivermectin has also been proven to be very effective against microfilariae. Recently, doxycycline has shown excellent efficacy and safety when used as an antimicrobial against endosymbiotic <i>Wolbachia</i> bacteria harbored by some strains of <i>M. perstans</i> and <i>M. ozzardi</i>. Diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin have been used effectively to treat <i>M. streptocerca</i> infection. There are at present no estimates of the disease burden caused by mansonellosis, and thus its importance to many global health professionals and policy makers is presently limited to how it can interfere with diagnostic tools used in modern filarial disease control and elimination programs aimed at other species of filariae.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"9 ","pages":"9-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/b9/rrtm-9-009.PMC6047625.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36347552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in the leukocyte and cytokine profiles between placental and maternal circulation in pregnancy-associated malaria.","authors":"Okezie Caleb Okamgba,&nbsp;Martin O Ifeanyichukwu,&nbsp;Ayodele O Ilesanmi,&nbsp;Lawrence N Chigbu","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S137829","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RRTM.S137829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Activation of immune cells by malaria infection induces the secretion of cytokines and the synthesis of other inflammatory mediators. This study compared the cytokine levels and leukocyte count between malaria-infected peripheral and placental blood of pregnant women before delivery and postpartum. The cytokines assessed include interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The subjects comprised 144 malaria-infected pregnant women and 60 malaria-infected women at post-partum stage (for placental blood collection). Others were 60 malaria-uninfected pregnant women and 40 malaria-uninfected women at postpartum stage (for placental blood collection). Forty malaria-infected and 40 malaria-uninfected nonpregnant women served as control subjects. The test groups were asymptomatic, and the control groups were apparently healthy subjects. All were aged between 17 and 44 years. Ethical approval for the study was obtained at Abia State University Teaching Hospital and Living Word Mission Hospital, Aba. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Blood samples were aseptically collected initially from the maternal peripheral circulation and from the placenta on delivery, and tested for HIV and malaria using standard methods. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison of the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IFN-γ was significantly higher in the peripheral than in placental blood (<i>P</i>=0.001). IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly lower in the peripheral than in placental blood (<i>P</i>=0.001 and <i>P</i>=0.004, respectively). The total leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in the placenta than in peripheral blood (<i>P</i>=0.001), and the mixed differential count was significantly higher in the placenta than in peripheral blood (<i>P</i>=0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has shown that the cytokine levels and leukocyte counts may differ between the peripheral and placental blood of the same women. Therefore, measurement of parameters in the peripheral circulation may not always reflect the levels in the placental blood for the assessment of immune cellular response at the materno-fetal interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"9 ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S137829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36347551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of adults with acute uncomplicated malaria with azithromycin and chloroquine in India, Colombia, and Suriname.","authors":"Nilima A Kshirsagar,&nbsp;Nithya J Gogtay,&nbsp;Diego Moran,&nbsp;Gregory Utz,&nbsp;Ashok Sethia,&nbsp;Shirsendu Sarkar,&nbsp;Pol Vandenbroucke","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S129741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S129741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To explore the use of azithromycin-chloroquine (AZCQ) for the treatment of malaria, we conducted double-blind, randomized, non-inferiority studies in India, Colombia, and Suriname comparing the combination of azithromycin 1 g and chloroquine (CQ) 600 mg base once daily (QD) for 3 days versus atovaquone-proguanil (AP) or chloroquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SPCQ) in adults with acute uncomplicated <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were hospitalized until three documented negative blood smears and followed through Day 42. The primary end point was parasitologic cure at Day 28.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In India, parasite clearance rates were 84% and 94% for AZCQ and SPCQ, respectively (95% confidence interval [CI] for the difference: -22.6, 0.8). In Colombia and Suriname, parasite clearance rates were 57% and 99% for AZCQ and AP, respectively (95% CI: -52, -32). A subsequent open-label, non-comparative third study using a 2 g dose of azithromycin and 600 mg of CQ in India and Colombia resulted in an overall efficacy rate of 97%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In India, Colombia, and Suriname, 1 g azithromycin with CQ QD for 3 days was inferior to established comparator agents. An improved response rate was observed when the dose of azithromycin was increased to 2 g.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"8 ","pages":"85-104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2017-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S129741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36348678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scrub typhus: risks, diagnostic issues, and management challenges.","authors":"John Antony Jude Prakash","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S105602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S105602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness in the \"tsutsugamushi triangle\", transmitted by chiggers that can be treated effectively if detected early. Laboratory testing, including molecular and serological assays, is needed for confirming the diagnosis, especially in the absence of the pathognomonic eschar. In this review, factors that play a role in disease occurrence and clinical clues for diagnosis, in addition to risk factors contributing to disease severity, including mortality, are discussed in detail. Moreover, issues related to diagnostic assays, treatment, and mixed infections are also enumerated and described.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"8 ","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2017-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S105602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36349128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective assessment of the status and determinants of tuberculosis treatment outcome among patients treated in government hospitals in North Shoa Administrative Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.","authors":"Solomon Hailemeskel,&nbsp;Osman Yimer Mohammed,&nbsp;Abdurahman Mohammed Ahmed","doi":"10.2147/RRTM.S129337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S129337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the specific targets of Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course detailed in the updated Global Plan (2011-2015) was to achieve a treatment success rate of 87% by 2015. This strategy was introduced to Ethiopia in 1995 to reach full coverage in 2005; however, by 2009, treatment had not been as successful as expected.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to determine treatment success rate and identify risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes in North Shoa Administrative Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all TB patients (739) who registered for TB treatment from September 1, 2012 to August 31, 2014 at public hospitals in North Shoa Administrative Zone, Ethiopia. Data were gathered by using a pretested structured medical record checklist. Four data collectors and two supervisors were involved in gathering the data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression and were entered into Epi Info and analyzed by using the SPSS software package version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed that the TB treatment success rate was 86.1% (169 [22.9%] cured and 467 [63.2%] completed). In addition, 22 (3%) of the study participants defaulted their treatment of which 19 (86.4%) withdrew during the intensive phase. The multiple logistic regression model revealed that the study year of treatment, sputum smear positivity at the second-month follow-up, history of treatment default, and subsequent hospitalization were significantly associated with the TB treatment outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TB treatment success rate in the study area was low compared to that estimated by World Health Organization to achieve by 2015. Therefore, Federal Ministry of Health and Regional and Zonal Health Office have to strengthen the interventions on minimizing anti-TB treatment default rate through well-organized documentation, follow-up on TB patients, and awareness-creation programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21138,"journal":{"name":"Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine","volume":"8 ","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2017-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/RRTM.S129337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36348677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}