Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems最新文献

{"title":"Ecological and toxicological features of the effect of stable cesium on striated muscle tissue (myocardium and skeletal muscles) of mammals","authors":"O. Yermishev","doi":"10.15421/10.15421/022361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022361","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the risks of radiation danger have significantly increased. This is connected with the start of a full-scale war against Ukraine and the seizure of the Zaporizhzhya NPP by the Russian Federation, which has the second most powerful arsenal of nuclear weapons in the world. The majority of studies devoted to the effect of radioactive radiation on the human body and animals absolutely do not take into account the ecotoxic effect of the carrier and a chemical element. At the same time, the body does not distinguish between radioactive and non-radioactive isotopes of chemical elements and interacts with them during exchange processes. The aim of the work was to study the influence of stable cesium on the microscopic structure of striated muscle tissue, both skeletal and cardiac ones. The results of our research revealed that intensive accumulation of cesium for 24 days occurred in all the examined organs and tissues. In fact, the most intensive accumulative process appeared to be in the heart by 214.9 times and by 695.3 times with skeletal muscles, with a simultaneous decrease in potassium content by 19.2% and 29.1%, respectively, compared to intact rats. We can talk about the presence of two mechanisms of action of cesium on tissues, including striated muscles: as an antagonist of potassium, which concerns the transport system of the latter and as a toxic element that initiates peroxide processes with subsequent modification of membranes and their potassium channels. Functional disturbances in the work of potassium channels of excitable tissues in the repolarization phase occur in the conditions of an increase in intracellular cesium in striated muscles. These disorders can proceed according to the type of acquired \"potassium\" channelopathies, which in the myocardium can manifest in the form of rhythm disorders, prolonged QT syndrome, etc. This leads to the appearance of significant violations of the histological structure of the examined tissues. Cesium has pronounced damaging effects on both skeletal and cardiac striated muscle tissue, with morphological changes in skeletal and cardiac striated muscle tissue being generally similar. Dystrophic changes in the nuclei and cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes and striated muscles, signs of impaired blood circulation in the microcirculatory channel with the formation of vascular wall edema, destruction of endothelial cells, various types of hemorrhages and lymphohistiocytic infiltration of the stroma of fibers are the consequences of the toxic effect of cesium on tissues. Thus, the results of changes in the histological structure of striated muscles under the action of cesium chloride obtained by us indicate a fairly high cytocidal activity of stable cesium.","PeriodicalId":21094,"journal":{"name":"Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric characteristics of the nematode Oesophagostomum venulosum (Nematoda, Strongylida) isolated from the domestic goat","authors":"О. Prijma, N. Ohorodnyk, V. Krykunova, K. Suprunenko, L. Karysheva","doi":"10.15421/10.15421/022360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022360","url":null,"abstract":"The nematodes of the genus Oesophagostomum Molin, 1861 parasitize in the large intestine of ruminants and are widely represented in the terrestrial ecosystems of many countries of the world. One of the most common species of this genus in small ruminants is Oesophagostomum venulosum Rudolphi, 1809. The validity of this species was established using morphological and molecular genetic methods, the importance of which is still relevant. The aim of our research was to determine the morphological and metric characteristics of O. venulosum nematodes isolated from domestic goats in Ukraine. The differential parameters of mature males and females of nematodes of this species are described and illustrated, and the obtained data is analyzed in the context of the findings of other authors. The taxonomic morphological characters of O. venulosum include the presence of a pronounced cuticular vesicle at the head end, inner and external corona radiata, cervical papillae located behind the esophagus; in males, the presence of prebursal papillae in front of the tail bursa and features of its structure, thin and tubular spicules and features of the structure of their proximal and distal ends; in females, features of the structure of the tail end, vulva and its location. 35 morphometric indicators were determined and proposed to be used in the identification of O. venulosum in males, and 29 indicators in females. Of these, 20 parameters characterize the general body structure (the length and width of the nematode, the dimensions of the mouth capsule, cervical vesicle, esophagus, the length of the inner and outer radial crowns, the location of the nerve ring and cervical papillae, as well as their sizes). In male nematodes of this species, 15 indicators characterize the metric parameters of the reproductive system (the size of the spicules in their various parts, gubernaculum, genital cone, genital papillae and their location, the width of the copulatory bursa). In females, 7 indicators are described that characterize the length of the vagina, the ovipositor, the location of the vulva and anus, the width of the body in the area of the vulva and anus, as well as two metric parameters of eggs. The identified and described morphometric characters of O. venulosum males and females based on microscopic studies can be an economical and effective method for researchers to accurately identify nematodes of this species. The information obtained in this study can contribute to the timely planning of control and prevention strategies for the parasitism of these nematodes on goat farms.","PeriodicalId":21094,"journal":{"name":"Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron microscopic changes in fibroblastic sarcoid in horses","authors":"M. Portenko, O. Shchebentovska, A. Kostyniuk","doi":"10.15421/10.15421/022374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022374","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of ultrastructural research on fibroblastic sarcoid, which is one of the most aggressive types of sarcoid in horses. A retrospective study on the prevalence of sarcoids in horses in Ukraine’s western regions was conducted in 2019–2023. It was found that during the period of 2022–2023, the number of horses with sarcoids increased sharply by 15.6% compared to the period 2020–2021. This was associated with the mass movement of animals from eastern regions due to the onset of the war in Ukraine. The fibroblastic type of sarcoid was predominantly localized in the abdominal wall and groin area. To study the ultrastructure of sarcoids, they were surgically removed by excising undamaged skin portions under general anesthesia, adhering to all requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes. Electronograms revealed that the tumour formation mainly consisted of fibroblasts of varying differentiation degrees: significant number of vesicles, markedly expanded endoplasmic reticulum cisterns, and irregularly shaped nuclei with numerous invaginations. Open nuclear pores were observed in most nuclei. Active formation of a large number of capillaries was noted between the collagen matrix, fibroblasts, and fibrocytes, indicated by the increased number of endotheliocytes with pseudopodia on the cytoplasm’s marginal part and the basal surface. This suggests their embryonic type. Endotheliocytes contained large round nuclei and a significant number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm. There were both bright and dark endotheliocytes in the blood capillaries’ venous section. The cytoplasm of bright endotheliocytes contained myofilaments, individual mitochondria, free ribosomes, peroxisomes, and vesicles of various sizes. The plasmalemma formed small pseudopodia. The capillary lumen showed moderate electron density. Additionally, high platelet activity was observed, manifested by cell adhesion to the marginal part of the endotheliocyte cytoplasm. It should be noted that most capillaries were of the venous type, as indicated by the endotheliocytes’ height, the presence of an increased number of mitochondria and vesicles. The entire cellular pool was localized among the massive framework consisting of collagen fibers. Elastic fibers could not be detected in the fibrillar component.","PeriodicalId":21094,"journal":{"name":"Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological structure of enamel caries in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization","authors":"N. O. Gevkaliuk, I. V. Nazarenko","doi":"10.15421/10.15421/022349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022349","url":null,"abstract":"According to modern ideas, the carious process at the white spot stage is reversible, so all the attention of scientists is directed to the development of means to restore the crystal lattice of tooth enamel. The purpose of the study is to evaluate morphological changes in caries at the white spot stage and the process of structural remineralization of the carious lesion area. Clinically active initial lesions were detected visually, using optical magnification and positive staining. Structural changes in enamel were studied by scanning electron microscopy of surface impressions obtained from the surface of demineralized enamel. Remineralizing therapy was carried out by applying ApaCare restorative gel (Germany) with nanodispersed highly active hydroxyapatite. Determination of the intensity of dental caries by the DMFT and dmft index showed 9.04 ± 0.40 points on average in the group of subjects, children with code 1 according to the ICDAS index made up 50.8%. Colour reactions showed 7.80 ± 0.21 points on average in the group. SEM visualized characteristic structural changes in the area of the carious spot – an increase in the porosity of the enamel surface with exposure of the fine crystalline structure and destruction of interprismatic fibrillar structures. When using a remineralizing agent, a roller-like deposition of an amorphous remineralizing substance is characteristic, and at the final stage, a smooth enamel surface with a fine crystal lattice is restored. The restoration of the prismatic structure of the enamel occurs due to the mineralization of the preserved fibrillar walls in the interprismatic space. Clinically, at this stage, the enamel visually restores its original shine, smoothness, and colour. In 81.8% of cases, the dye did not penetrate the previously demineralized enamel. The high level of non-cavitated active caries lesions can be largely controlled by the use of remineralizing agents. Further research involves studying the quantitative characteristics of the processes of de- and remineralization of tooth enamel.","PeriodicalId":21094,"journal":{"name":"Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Densitometric correlates of degenerative-dystrophic processes in cervical vertebrae of humans and domestic animals","authors":"T. Andreyeva, O. Stoyanov, G. Chebotaryova, V. I. Kalashnikov, R. Vastyanov, S. Mashchenko","doi":"10.15421/10.15421/022357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022357","url":null,"abstract":"The cervical spine is the most mobile region with high work activity which constantly receives a heavy load. This region is the least protected from external influences, especially in cases of degenerative-dystrophic changes. A comparative analysis of clinical-morphological and morphometric data in degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the cervical spine in humans and domestic animals with secondary anatomical and physiological abnormalities was performed . The examined contingent of people was of young and middle age (average age equal to 41.5 ± 5.2 years). The examined animals had a similar age range recalculated to human age. The pathological changes in spinal cord configuration were registered in 84.6% of examined humans (n = 65) in the form of angular kyphosis or straightened lordosis (with the analogous relative distribution). In terms of gender, with the exception of the frequency of angular kyphosis, probable differences in the formation of lordosis, which is straightened (2.1 times more often), the indicators were the same while the normal configuration of the spine was more often registered in men against the women (20.0% vs 12.5%). Cervical spine deformations in different breeds of dogs and cats (n = 75) were observed in 34.7% of cases (angular kyphosis – 38.5%; straightened lordosis – 61.5%). Preservation of normal configuration of the cervical spine was recorded more often in cats – 78.6%, and in small breeds of dogs – 78.5%. In large breeds of dogs, these indicators were probably changed: the norm remained only in 26.3%, and the deformations exceeded the corresponding indicators in cats and small breeds of dogs by 2.7 or more times. The significant differences were found in cases of straightened lordosis formation which was registered more often in women than in men. The incidence of angular kyphosis was comparable in patients of both sexes. Cervical spine deformations in different breeds of dogs and cats were observed in 26 animals (34.6% cases: angular kyphosis – 13.3%; straightened lordosis – 21.3%). The densitry of vertebral bodies in all groups decreased in the caudal direction of the cervical spine. The differences in humans reached 18.1%, being higher in women than in men. Animals had a similar density distribution. This index was minimal in cats (2.7%), in small-breed dogs it increased significantly (7.5%) and in large-breed dogs it reached 14.3%, i.e. 5 times (compared to cats) and 2 times higher (compared to small breed dogs). A comparative analysis between humans and animals indicates that the maximal discrepancies in the studied indexes were found in humans and relatively coincided with those in large breed dogs. The presence of neurological deficit with cervical spine pain syndrome with lordosis distortion and the provocation of spinal canal stenosis was found in 73.7% of large adult dogs. The revealed regularities of cervical spine degenerative-dystrophic changes indicate that animals, especially large breeds of dogs, can","PeriodicalId":21094,"journal":{"name":"Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic Staphylococcus spp. among domestic animals in Ukraine: antibiotic resistance and diagnostic approaches","authors":"M. Shevchenko, A. Andriichuk, V. Naumchuk, I. Petruk, S. Bilyk, T. Tsarenko","doi":"10.15421/10.15421/022356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022356","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. aureus are common infectious agents with zoonotic potential, capable of acquiring antibiotic resistance and causing hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of S. pseudintermedius among dogs in Ukraine and explore the possibility of using chromogenic media for accurate identification and differentiation of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius. The data obtained indicate a higher prevalence of nasal carriage (44.8%) of Staphylococcus spp. in healthy dogs compared to ear carriage (28.5%). Among the isolated strains in nasal swabs, S. pseudintermedius was most often detected (24.1%), S. aureus was detected less often (5.2%). Among the samples taken from sick dogs, 36.5% were found to be Staphylococcus spp., of which 20.5% contained S. pseudintermedius and 4.5% S. aureus. Among the studied cats, 36.8% were found to contain Staphylococcus spp., S. pseudintermedius – 10.5%, and S. aureus – 5.3%. Antibiotic resistance profiles were different: S. pseudintermedius was resistant to the combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as well as to penicillin and erythromycin, while S. aureus was resistant to penicillin. It should be noted that only one coagulase-positive S. aureus isolate obtained from healthy animals was resistant to oxacillin. The use of chromogenic media demonstrated the possibility of successful differentiation of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius based on differences in culture properties. In addition, various combinations of microbiological tests were evaluated, resulting in the development of two schemes that included specific media and additional reactions to improve identification accuracy. The combination of CHROMagar™ Orientation with the coagulase detection reaction demonstrated higher sensitivity (100%) for the detection of S. pseudintermedius compared to the combination of mannitol salt agar (MSA) with the coagulase detection reaction (75%). In addition, the PCR reaction was valuable for the definitive identification of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS). These comprehensive results shed light on the prevalence, species distribution, antibiotic resistance patterns, and diagnostic approaches for S. aureus in dogs and cats in Ukraine, emphasizing the importance of developing reliable surveillance and control strategies.","PeriodicalId":21094,"journal":{"name":"Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype-mutagenic interaction in the cytogenetic variability of winter wheat for a new ecogenetic factor","authors":"V. Horshchar, M. Nazarenko","doi":"10.15421/10.15421/022355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022355","url":null,"abstract":"The study of cytogenetic parameters of the activity of new mutagenic factors aims to reliably establish the possibilities of these factors in terms of variability depending on the subject of mutagenic action, the optimal use of certain factor sizes, the combination of the selected protocol with optimization of the yield of mutant forms in the future. Seeds of eight varieties of winter wheat (Balaton, Borovytsia, Zeleny Gai, Zoloto Ukrainy, Kalancha, Niva Odeska, Polyanka, Pochayna) were treated by SA (sodium azide) at concentrations of 0.010%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.10%. They were soaked in water solution for 24 hours. Cytogenetic activity was evaluated by pollen sterility, evaluation of general rates and indicators of spectra of chromosomal abnormalities at medium phases of cell mitosis according to wheat variety and chemical agent concentrations. As a result of the study, the key importance of the genotype-mutagenic interaction was demonstrated within the limits of variability of the main indicators of the frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations. It has been established that in the future it will be more optimal to use two varieties whose genotype-mutagenic specificity indicators are significantly higher and one should expect a more significant yield of promising mutant forms from them in the future, especially in combination with SA concentrations in the range of 0.025% and 0.05%. It is demonstrated that the main parameters that reflect genetically determined possibilities in susceptibility to the ecogenetic factor are pollen fertility, the overall frequency of chromosome aberrations, and the number of induced fragments. The use of other parameters displays the trend only partially or does not display it at all, as is the case with the use of rarer types of chromosomal rearrangements. The least promising forms have also been identified for use as starting material in treatments with this substance. It is demonstrated that, in general, this agent is characterized by the same patterns in the induction of cytogenetic activity as for other chemical supermutagens, with some variations depending on the starting material. In the future, it is planned to link the obtained data with the frequency and quality of the resulting hereditary changes, primarily complex biochemical and physiological ones, in order to improve the quality of plant products and various types of plant tolerance to adverse environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":21094,"journal":{"name":"Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic informativeness of markers of bone-tissue metabolism and bone resorption in cows with osteodystrophy","authors":"L. Slivinska, V. Fedorovych, A. Shcherbatyy, N. M. Fedorovych, B. Gutyj, V. Vlizlo, M. Lychuk, I. Maksymovych, H. Zinko","doi":"10.15421/10.15421/022351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022351","url":null,"abstract":"Osteodystrophy is caused by polyetiological factors, the main being disturbance of metabolism of macroelements and D and A vitamins. The disease continues to impose great economic losses on animal husbandry, reduces cattle productivity, and hinders effective work in this sphere. To study the pathogenesis and early diagnostics of bovine osteodystrophy, we examined the markers of metabolism of the connective tissue: macro- and microelements, general glycosaminoglycans and their fractions, chondroitin sulfate, sialoglycoproteins, oxoproline, citric acid, and osteocalcin. In the cows with subclinical course of osteodystrophy, the content of total calcium was decreased by 18.9% and such of phosphorus by 5.7%. In 95% of the clinically ill animals, we diagnosed hypocalcemia, combined with hypophosphatemia, in 35.0% of the cows. In blood serum of the cows with subclinical course of osteodystrophy, we found decrease in the concentration of citric acid down to 157.7 ± 2.1 mmol/L, in the clinically ill – 146.8 ± 1.2 mmol/L and osteocalcin – to 1.12 ± 0.04 and 0.72 ± 0.04 ng/mL, respectively. We determined increases in concentrations of chondroitin sulfates, sialoglycoproteins, total glycosaminoglycans and their fractions: chondroitin-6-sulfate, chondroitine-4-sulfate, keratan- and heparin- and dermatan sulfates, and heparine. The most informative criteria for diagnostics of subclinical course of osteodystrophy were citric acid, total glycosaminoglycans and their first and third fractions, chondroitin sulfates and sialoglycoproteins, because they were above the physiological limits in 100% of the cows with subclinical course of the disease, whereas in the clinically healthy animals, osteocalcin decreased in 60 and 100% of the cases, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21094,"journal":{"name":"Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) elimination in a pond inhabited by freshwater algae of the Rhizoclonium genus","authors":"N. О. Khromykh, O. Marenkov, T. Sharamok, A. O. Anishchenko, N. B. Yesipova, O. S. Nesterenko, V. Kurchenko, R. V. Mylostyvyi","doi":"10.15421/10.15421/022354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022354","url":null,"abstract":"Military operations over large areas of Ukraine lead to release of explosives and their derivatives into the environment with subsequent accumulation in natural and artificial water bodies, which unwittingly serve as reservoirs for collecting pollutants from the catchment area. The need to restore aquatic ecosystems dictates the search for efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods for the elimination of explosives, which corresponds to the processes of biological treatment. In this work, we examined the ability of common freshwater algae of the genus Rhizoclonium to detoxify 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) under model conditions of water pollution (at a TNT concentration of 100 mg/L). The exposure time of the algae to TNT was 48 hours, during which the content of TNT and nitrites in the aqueous medium was monitored, as well as the content of chlorophyll and the activity of glutathione S-transferase in plant tissues. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene was extracted from the aqueous medium with toluene, followed by separation in a separatory funnel, removal of residual water with sodium sulfate, and reduction of the extract volume using a rotary evaporator. The decrease in the concentration of TNT, established by GC-MS technique, was 66.4% by the end of the experiment, while the content of nitrites increased almost 15-fold. In the algae cells, a threefold increase in the enzymatic activity was observed already in the second hour of exposure, followed by a gradual decrease and maintenance at a level of 50% of the control until the end of the experiment. The total chlorophyll content increased significantly from the sixth hour of exposure to the end of the experiment due to an increase in the content of chlorophyll b. The results obtained indicate the efficient biodegradation process and prospects of using algae of the genus Rhizoclonium for cleaning water bodies contaminated with TNT.","PeriodicalId":21094,"journal":{"name":"Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of time of death of cats according to histological changes in some organs","authors":"J. Serdioucov, D. Shkundia, O. Kruchynenko","doi":"10.15421/10.15421/022359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/10.15421/022359","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the time of an animal’s death is an extremely relevant subject in the practice of modern forensic medicine, because the issue often arises when investigating crimes related to animal abuse, in particular, with domestic cats Felis silvestris catus (Linnaeus, 1758). Methods of identifying time of cats’ death are currently developed insufficiently and their introduction into the veterinary-forensic practice has been limited, including the histological method we have employed. We used five corpses of cats, from which we periodically, after certain time periods, gathered the material for histological study, sampling such organs as the liver, kidneys, lungs, heart (myocardium), and the skeletal muscles. From the collected material, we made histological sections and stained them with hematoxylin and eosin. We determined the general patterns in changes occurring in the internal organs of cats over time, namely changes in the staining intensity of the cell elements and intercellular structures on the histopreparations; formation of detritus-filled cavities; a number of distinctive changes in the connective-tissue stroma of the organs; emergence of baciliform bacteria in the tissues and formation of their colonies. In the muscle tissue, we found specific features such as loss of alignment and emergence of transversal grooves with subsequent fragmentation. The study revealed that the development of those changes in each organ clearly correlated with time that has passed since each animals had died. Thus, a complex evaluation of detected changes can give a more accurate – compared with other existing methods – assessment of the time of death of a corpse submitted to forensic veterinary examination. We recommend using the histological method for animals presumed to have been dead for no more than 18 days, because later the tissue disintegration reaches such a level that complicates the correlation of changes with time. We consider it promising to study the time of death of domestic cats using other methods for identifying criteria for postmortem intervals longer than 18 days, and also identifying time of death in other species of animals.","PeriodicalId":21094,"journal":{"name":"Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}