Scientific Journal of Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Sero-prevalence of infectious bronchitis antibodies in local chickens in live bird markets in Sokoto State, Nigeria","authors":"H. U. Mungadi, U. Mera, Y. Adamu, U. Musa, C. Achi","doi":"10.14196/SJBS.V4I7.1888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJBS.V4I7.1888","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 161 apparently healthy male and female, grower and adult local chickens were sampled from Live bird Markets (LMB) in four Agricultural zones of the State; Gwadabawa, Tambuwal, Isa and Sokoto. They were screened for antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus using Enzyme linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The results obtained showed that the overall prevalence for the State was 89%, the seroprevalence was 88.89% in males and 89.00 % in females, 91.50% in adults and 70.00% in growers sampled. No significant difference was obtained between male and female chickens tested (χ2 >0.05) but significant difference was obtained in adult and grower chickens (χ2 < 0.05). No routine vaccination against infectious bronchitis is usually carried out in the area; the high prevalence observed may suggest natural infection. Efforts should be made to determine strains of IBV circulating in the study area so as to enable the choice of appropriate vaccine.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133215908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype and sex influencing dressing percentage, carcass parameters and meat quality properties in indigenous chickens","authors":"N. Assan","doi":"10.14196/SJBS.V4I6.1948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJBS.V4I6.1948","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous or village or local  chickens  are  an important  source of animal protein in the form of meat and eggs, contribute to rural food security and are an important avenue for woman empowerment as indigenous chickens in poor communities are mostly owned by women in Sub Saharan Africa. There are many factors that affect dressing percentage, carcass traits and meat quality properties in indigenous chicken, such as genetics, nutrition, environment, and additives, however, genetics is one of the most important factors. The knowledge on variability of genotype of indigenous chicken accompanied by manipulation of their production system will  translate into a specific desirable  dressing percentage, carcass characteristic and meat quality properties, which is paramount criteria for consumers when it comes to making purchasing decisions. Therefore, using different indigenous chicken genotypes, the producer may sort to employ management practices which furnish with acceptable dressing percentage, carcass and meat quality properties which do not compromise and maintain health in consumers. However, very few studies have been reported on the utilization of different indigenous chickens genotypes in improvement of carcass and meat quality properties. Feeding systems, slaughter age and rearing systems are some of the environmental factors which have been examined in indigenous chickens to determine their influence on carcass and meat quality properties. It has been noted that varying the discrete variables such as genotype and sex had significant differences in the nature of corresponding carcass and meat quality properties in indigenous chickens. Variations in the genetic make-up and sexual dimorphism in indigenous chickens accounted for the observed differences in dressing percentage and carcass characteristic. The preceding review gives some insight on the influence of genotype and sex on dressing percentage, carcass parameters and meat quality properties in indigenous chickens.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117054376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some major factors affecting carcass composition in goats","authors":"A. Never","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V4I7.1923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V4I7.1923","url":null,"abstract":"This review article looks at some major factors that influence carcass composition in goats. The resultant carcass composition of various animal species differs considerably depending on several environmental factors and management practices. These several factors which are within control of animal producers may be manipulated to achieve desirable effects in carcass composition. Some of the factors which have been implicated to cause considerable variation in carcass composition include genetic, nutrition, age at slaughter, sex of animal and weight of animal. Carcass composition  differ among animal species, even within more similar or homogenous groups such as small ruminants and differences are mainly species dependent.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127855184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focusing on livestock improvement strategies that enhance adaptive and coping mechanisms in the context of climate change in southern Africa","authors":"A. Never","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V4I6.1874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V4I6.1874","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and variability is among the first and crucial limiting factors of sustainable livestock production in southern Africa. This is on the background that southern Africa is one of the most vulnerable sub regions to climate change and climate variability, a situation aggravated by the interaction of the multiple stresses that occur at various levels and the agricultural systems’ low adaptive capacity. However, it is undisputable that many poor resource livestock farmers who are the majority in southern Africa are wholly or partially dependent on livestock for their livelihood, and livestock keepers will need to adapt to climate change for their survival. This development has spurred the need for creation and implementation of livestock improvement strategies aimed at overcoming the negative effect of climate change on livestock production. In addition, climate change induced environmental stressors will further accentuate heat, disease and water stress-related problems.  The review explores some of the likely impacts of climate change on livestock production and discusses measures to react to the expected changes in climate through livestock improvement. This is followed by a discussion of how climate change may alter the approach to genetic improvement. The report then analyses the specific issue of selection and crossbreeding systems and their implication for livestock improvement. It is suggested that the focus on livestock improvement strategies will need to take into account the alleviation of heat and water stress in the context of semi arid  livestock production systems. Livestock improvement based on livestock adaptive strategies and coping mechanisms  in the context of climate change are critical in this context. This is a result of the understanding that livestock productivity decline has become a problematic issue in southern Africa, particularly due to the long term effect of climate change. Climate change has risen to become one of the most challenging issues confronting the sub region through decline of livestock productivity. In order to lessen the extent of livestock vulnerability to climate change livestock improvement strategies should take into cognizance of enhancing adaptive  and coping mechanisms  in livestock production. In recognition of this threat to the sub region, this paper  further discusses some of the pertinent issues which proffers possible solutions aimed at aiding appropriate livestock improvement in the context of climate change. Accordingly, developing new and innovative livestock improvement strategies to understand the relationship between climate change induced stressful environment and animal productivity, while highlighting livestock improvement strategies and livestock traits to target. Promoting local animal genetic resources will be part of the mitigation strategy.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133605248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of garlic in dyslipidemia: an evidence based review","authors":"F. Jahan, K. Nanji, W. Qidwai","doi":"10.14196/SJBS.V4I5.1881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJBS.V4I5.1881","url":null,"abstract":"Rapidly growing morbidity and mortality due to heart disease is a great concerned for scientist. Among the etiology of atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia is a major risk factor. Garlic has active ingredients of allium sativum used in high blood pressure management. Garlic has been used as a therapeutic agent for many illnesses such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Evidence from various studies and clinical trials proved the efficacy of garlic to reduce lipid level.However, some contradictory results are also reported. This review was undertaken to assess the role of garlic therapy in dyslipidemia. Major databases including Google, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane library view were used for literature search. Clinical trials conducted on humans assessing role of garlic therapy in dyslipidemia and the possible mechanisms responsible for such therapeutic actions were assessed. Several trials and meta-analyses have suggested positive effect of garlic on total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG). This review on garlic therapy in dyslipidemia suggests that it reduces elevated cholesterol to a modest extent.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":"406 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129863244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in body measurements and live weight of indigenous goat populations of Mahoba in Bundelkhand.","authors":"S. Rawat, Sarju Narayan, S. Dwivedi","doi":"10.14196/sjas.v4i5.1801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjas.v4i5.1801","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to describe in morphometrical traits and body weight (BW) of indigenous goat populations reared in Belatal, Ajnar, Chhitarwara, Lamaura and Budhaura village of Jaitpur block in Mahoba. Data were obtained from 549 goats from 107 households. The BW and height at withers (HW) in Ajnar, Belatal and Budhaura doe aged 1-2 years were significantly high compared to others. Doe of Budhaura, Ajnar, Belatal and Chhitarwara had significantly high body length (BL). Significantly high chest girth (CG) values were obtained from Chhitarwara had Budhaura doe. Buck of Ajnar, Belatal and Lamaura had significantly high BW, BL and HW.  Body weight of Belatal, Ajnar and Chhitarwara doe aged 1-2 years and bucks were better estimated using CG alone. However, the best predictor for Belatal, Ajnar and Chhitarwara doe aged 1-2 years old were CG, HW and BL. CG was the primary variable to explain most of the variations in BW. Budhaura and Ajnar goat had a relatively large body frame and emphasis may be given for their improvement.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":"388 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115215602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues and concerns in pro poor community based cattle breeding program in Bulilimamangwe District of Zimbabwe.","authors":"A. Ncube, A. Dube, C. T. Khombe, N. Assan","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V4I4.1859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V4I4.1859","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle rearing plays a crucial role in the semi arid communal areas of Zimbabwe, as a result any developmental strategy that is aimed at improving household livelihood in these areas should target cattle production. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of introducing improved indigenous cattle beef breeds in Bulilima District of Matabeleland South in Zimbabwe. The study was carried out in Masendu ward comprising of six villages of Luvuluma, Mambo, Tjeboroma, Makumbi, Thandawani and Muke. A random sample of 13 livestock farmers were selected from participants of the Kellogg Foundation communal areas indigenous cattle (Tuli, Afrikaner and Nguni) improvement program through a donation of  improved indigenous beef cattle bulls. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data on household demographics, socioeconomic factors, herd structure, management practices and constraints in cattle breeding program. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 2008) computer software in order to generate descriptive statistics such as means and frequencies or percentages. The study revealed an interesting scenario on household demographics; the majority of the farmers had formal education, with only 7.7% not having attained any formal education. As a result of Kellogg Foundation bull donations some farmers (15.4%) increased their herd size to more than 30 cattle which improved their social status in the areas. Farmers interviewed showed that they were motivated to keep improved breeds with least more than half of the farmers reporting that the bulls to a certain extent increased the number of cows serviced within the community herds. Poor animal condition was reported in cattle herds due to the inadequate supply of both water and nutrition, the latter being caused by lack of good grazing. It was noted that government support was necessary in infrastructure development in order to improve community based cattle breeding programs. The need to organise market to encourage smallholder farmers to sell their animals was also cited. There was a belief that better prices were achievable at local markets if the communal herd was genetically improved for important economic traits. Therefore, the key conclusion was that communal farmers had a positive perception on improving the communal cattle herds.  This warranted a multi-sectoral approach to address different challenges that militate against high cattle productivity in communal areas.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116304560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensibility of uropathogens in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria in Lome, Togo","authors":"A. F. Abderrazzack, M. Salou, D. S. Tigossou, A. Chatté, Bertin Tchoumbou, A. Tidjani, K. Djagadou, Y. Amenyapoh","doi":"10.14196/SJBS.V4I4.1866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJBS.V4I4.1866","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate antibiotic therapy with pregnant women to asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) in Prenatal Consultation (PNC) without prior urinary tract infection at the moment of the visit in Lome health center. The urines were collected following the rules on hygienic good practices. We conducted the systematic urine culture on a chromogenic medium (Uriselect4). It enables us to identify a specific enzyme of a bacterial species or a group of species. The susceptibility was carried out following the agar - based spreading method. The following strains were the main uropathogensisolated, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacterclaocea, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcusfecalis. Antibiotic discs from the family of Beta – lactam, lincosamide, polypeptic and quinolone were tested on various bacterial strains. All bacterial strains were resistant to ampicillin and amoxcilline. Staphococcusaureus presented resistance to cefoperazone, erythromycin and spiramycin. Enterococcusfaecalis was resistant to cephalothin, ceftazidime and chloramphenicol. The susceptibility was stressed with the view of achieving an adapted antibiotic therapy with zero effect on the foetus and the future mother.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123538999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of flock dynamics, reproductive performance and mortality on productivity of traditionally managed goats in Sub Saharan Africa","authors":"N. Assan","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V4I3.1841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V4I3.1841","url":null,"abstract":"The current goat production status and contribution to the total meat gross domestic product is still regarded as low in Sub Saharan Africa. Among some of the reasons given for unsatisfactory smallholder goat production contribution to household livelihoods is failure to understand the flock dynamics, production performance and reproductive capacity in smallholder farming sector. It is hoped that the understanding of flock dynamics, reproductive performance traits and production characteristics may assist in formulation of appropriate livestock intervention strategies to improve goat production in smallholder farming sector on the continent. Implementation of sound goat intervention stategies should be based on reproductive and productive performance monitoring data in smallholder livestock sector.  However, it is acknowledged that this approach need to be complemented with other aspects of improved general goat management such as adequate nutrition and health management. The purpose of this discussion is to explore significance of understanding flock dynamics, reproduction and production characteristics in order to increase goat contribution to smallholder household livelihood.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116663860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacement value of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peels for wheat offals in the performance of broiler starter diets.","authors":"Emmanuel Ahaotu, S. A. Adeyeye, V. Okonkwo","doi":"10.14196/sjas.v4i3.1850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjas.v4i3.1850","url":null,"abstract":"Two-hundred (200) day old broiler chicks of Anak 2000 breed from a commercial hatchery were used to investigate the effect of replacing wheat offals with sweet orange peel meal in broiler rations.  The birds were fed on 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% dietary inclusion of sweet orange peel meal as replacement for wheat offals in a 28 day feeding trial.  Significant interaction between dietary levels of sweet orange peel meal and wheat offals were observed on feed efficiency and weight gain (p<0.05).  Increase in dietary levels of sweet orange peel meal reduced feed transit time in gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) (p<0.05) while supplementary wheat offal had the opposite effect (p<0.05).  It was concluded that broiler chicks could tolerate up to 75% dietary levels of sweet orange peel meal without wheat offal added to such a diet, performance was comparable to that of birds fed a standard diet with money saved in the process.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115571212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}