Strategy & Social Policies eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Environmental Management Commitments: Impacts on Environmental Performance, Profitability, and Financial Risk (Preliminary Phase of Study)","authors":"V. Magness","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2201011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2201011","url":null,"abstract":"I propose a conceptual model that shows management commitment leading to better environmental performance and better financial performance. The model will be tested using factor analysis and regression on data from Canadian companies in the extractive sector from three points in time, 2004, 2008 and 2011, with the objective of identifying the discrete management decisions that lead to better performance. I use two alternative measures of environmental performance. The first is the volume of emissions recorded in Environment Canada’s National Pollutant Release Inventory database; the second is the asset retirement obligation disclosed in companies’ balance sheets. At this point the research is very incomplete as I have data for 2008 only. However the descriptive statistics are provocative. For example, the positive correlation between the remediation liabilities and emissions suggest what might be interpreted as a ‘halo effect’. The factor(s) that contribute to good performance in these two disparate performance metrics need(s) to be identified, which is the goal of this work. Also, when company size is considered, emissions vary considerably for both large and small companies, suggesting again that specific though yet to be identified management commitments lead to significantly different performance. When complete, this research will provide insight into the timing and scope of actions that must be taken to reduce negative environmental impacts, and provide managers with insight to formulate both long and mid-term operational strategies.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134233947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics and Managerial Excellence Through Diversity Management Among Employed Women and Men in Nigeria","authors":"J. Ugoani","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2185332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2185332","url":null,"abstract":"The study was designed to explore the need for sound behavior and managerial excellence through employed women and men in Nigeria and make necessary recommendations. Managing diversity is about the realization of the potential of all employees. Diversity is both an ethical question as well as a productivity issue. It is a combination that extends to personnel and human resource management functions. Any organization that values and promotes diversity creates a work environment that respects and supports employees with non-traditional backgrounds so that they can contribute to their fullest productivity potential. The survey research design was used while the questionnaire and personal interview methods were used to generate data for the study. The respondents were selected through the simple random sampling technique. Data analyses were done through tables, frequencies, percentages and the X2 statistics. It was found that diversity management was not being promoted among employed women and men in Nigeria. Eleven recommendations were made based on the result of the study.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121521142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Enterprise: The Katine Legacy","authors":"Tim Brooks","doi":"10.1111/J.1467-8616.2012.00894.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-8616.2012.00894.X","url":null,"abstract":"The benefits of corporate social responsibility initiatives have long been debated; and even the best‐laid plans, under scrutiny, can show possible flaws. What really happens when first world corporations meet third world development? Tim Brooks provides insights from the Katine Project in Uganda, which enjoyed wide support and notable praise, but whose legacy is still questioned.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127470525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous Producers’ Cooperatives and Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"L. Giallonardo, Marcella Mulino","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2133947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2133947","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperation and CSR have various facets in common since CSR represents an integral part of cooperatives’ values. Indeed, cooperatives have a long tradition in combining economic viability with social responsibility, as their organization generates a more immediate relationship between shareholders and stakeholders thus making it is easier to achieve the necessary balance between their diverse interests. In the paper we set out a model that considers producer cooperatives engaged in strategic CSR. Our focus is on the role of consumers’ demand for CSR products, according to the so called “bottom-up pressure”, that is consumers’ initiative in appreciating CSR. We enrich the above approach with the idea that the adoption of socially and environmentally responsible practices in production is a specific feature of goods improving their “quality” and represents a novel type of product differentiation. Hence, our model builds on the strand of literature about heterogeneous firms in monopolistic competition, developed by the recent “new-new” trade theory, that incorporates quality product differentiation. In a closed economy with CSR option in production, we derive each producer cooperative’s optimal choices with reference both to prices and the level of ethical standards. Albeit cooperatives differ with respect to the productivity of their members/workers, the solutions to both optimization problems are the same for all cooperatives, pointing to heterogeneity in the net income per member. In addition, our analysis confirms the role of consumers’ “bottom-up pressure”, since cooperatives’ optimal level of ethical standards is positively linked to the intensity of the preference of “concerned” consumers for CSR goods.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114657227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interrelation between Work Ethics and Business Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Perspective","authors":"Anna Danielewicz-Betz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2129747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2129747","url":null,"abstract":"Strictly speaking, business ethics is the applied ethics discipline that addresses the moral features of commercial activity. In practice, however, various studies may fall under this category, as long as they touch upon such issues as moral values and beliefs, (in)justice, legal compliance and the like, as related to management-employee relationship, or, generally, a company's relations with its stakeholders. Previous research has, for instance, dealt with the behaviour of individuals when faced with ethical choices, assessment of choices made by business executives (Jones 1991; Trevino 1986), with the interest focused on the effects of situational or contextual variables on ethical behaviour (e.g. Ford and Richardson 1994; Jones and Kavanagh 1996; Mesmer-Magnus and Viswesvaran 2005; Robertson and Ross 1995; Trevino 1986). Quinn (1997) suggested a distinction between personal ethics and business ethics, He found some evidence that people's personal ethical attitudes are not brought to bear on business issues. Carlson, Kacmar, and Wadsworth (2002) found that the context of a given situation had an effect on perceptions of ethical or non-ethical behaviour.The paper will discuss corporate business practices perceived through the lens of the employee’s work ethics; exposing the dichotomies and dilemmas faced by employees despite numerous business ethics policies and guidelines. To start with, work ethics will be presented from the cross-cultural perspective, spanning from work ethics and Islam and focusing on Saudi Arabia, to Japan and the impact of the Japanese culture on the Japanese work ethics. Against the background of cross-cultural differences in ethical values related to work, 'global' but 'Americanised' corporate business ethics, in particular that of American IT companies will be examined. The author will argue that translating policies and other business-ethics-related documents into several languages is an insufficient strategy in a multinational working environment, leading to increased clashes between the employee’s ethical values embedded in a given culture, on the one hand, and the imposed business ethics values of the parent company on the other. This in turn calls for more localised measures, which will be put forward tentatively.In particular, the author will look into corporate framing and execution of power by companies that goes against their codes of business ethics. Corporate code of ethics and business conduct are discussed since employees are supposed to familiarise themselves with it and apply its standards to their daily working life. All employee of a given company, regardless of employment level, position, or geographic location, are expected to meet its business values and to practise ethical behaviour in all business dealings. New employees are also commonly required to complete an internal ethics course, and then retake it in predefined intervals. Other documents will also be mentioned, whereby employee dilemmas in d","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127555492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect the Performance of Firms?","authors":"N. Comincioli, Laura Poddi, S. Vergalli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2124932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2124932","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades in OECD countries increasingly more firms are certifying as Socially Responsible (CSR is the acronym for Corporate Social Responsibility). This kind of certification is assigned by private companies that guarantee that a certain firm’s behaviour is environmentally and sociologically correct. Some papers (including Preston and O’Bannon, 1997; Waddock and Graves, 1997; McWilliams and Sieger, 2001; Ullman, 1985) tried to establish if there exists a link between Social Responsibility certification and the performance of firms. Their results were ambiguous and did not show any common connection. This ambiguity depends mainly on the static nature of their analyses and on the problem of whether performance is affected more by certification costs or by increasing sales due to an effect on reputation. Our work would like to discover whether certain performance indicators are affected by a firm’s social responsible behaviour and their certifications by looking at panel data. The novelty of our analysis is due to its dynamic aspect and from a CSR index that intersects two of the three main international indices (Domini 400 Social Index, Dow Jones Sustainability World Index, FTSE4Good Index), to be objective and obtain a representative sample. The main results seem to support the idea that CSR firms which are more virtuous, have better long run performance. They have some initial costs but obtain higher sales and profits due to several causes reputation effect, a reduction of long run costs and increased social responsible demand.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114647602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Most Ethical Companies and Stock Performance: Empirical Evidence","authors":"V. Sum","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2060751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2060751","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides empirical evidence from the capital market that ethical companies enjoy above-the-market-average performance. The analysis of risk premiums and risk adjusted returns of an equal-weighted portfolio of public firms ranked consecutively from 2007-2011 as the most ethical companies in the United States shows the average portfolio risk premiums are positive and greater than the market risk premiums for 3-year and 5-year holding period intervals; the average risk-adjusted excess returns are positive and statistically significant for the 3-year and 5-year holding period intervals. The implication of this study is that the firm’s commitment to be ethical will pay off in the long-turn, on average.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131168888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Islamic Waqf as a Tools of Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"Hussein Elasrag","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2054699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2054699","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to shed light on the role of the Islamic Waqf as a tools of corporate social responsibility. Islamic Waqf can play an important role in activating the principle of corporate social responsibility through the following: - Achieving sustainable development through sustainability achieved by endowments. - Achieving the practice of corporate social responsibility better, to also include small and medium enterprises by contributing to the foundations. - The possibility of the contribution of many companies in the work of the Waqf and one open area to participate in the endowment for the development of its resources, and to achieve coordination between the various companies in the field of social responsibility. - The ability to work projects and a national strategy to solve chronic problems such as unemployment, literacy and others. - Reduce dependence on foreign grants -A link between the three forces, a business, government and civil society.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125936582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Own-Sector and Inter-Sector Tunnel Effects: Implications for the Effects of Growth and Inequality on Happiness","authors":"Lewis S. Davis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2048076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2048076","url":null,"abstract":"This note presents a simple model of Hirschman and Rothschild’s (1973) tunnel effect, which is generally interpreted as reducing inequality aversion. The model identifies two separate tunnel effects, associated with own-sector and inter-sector productivity shocks, that are closely related to two lines of empirical happiness research. Taken together, these effects produce a positive relationship between happiness and the rate of income growth and reduce inequality aversion among the rich. However, they increase inequality aversion among the poor, which is counter to the usual interpretation. This exercise suggests potential gains to formal modeling in the emerging happiness literature.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130900813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISO 26000: Guiding Companies to Sustainability Through Social Responsibility?","authors":"Andrew Johnston","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2083479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2083479","url":null,"abstract":"This article outlines the history and contents of ISO 26000, 'Guidance on Social Responsibility', compares it with three other international standards in the field of CSR, and then offers a brief critique of it.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132923909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}