Strategy & Social Policies eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Tokopedia's Strategy in Improving the Quality of Human Resources to Increase Business Productivity and Profits","authors":"Ardi Hizban","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3827519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3827519","url":null,"abstract":"Human resources are one of the important factors in a company to achieve its goals and objectives, because human resources are one of the factors determining the success or failure of a company in achieving its goals.<br><br>Human resource development is basically an increase in employee performance that reflects the ability of organizational members to work, meaning that the performance of each employee is assessed and measured according to the criteria set by the organization<br><br>Organizations are systems and human activities that work together. In line with that the organization is said to be a rational coordination of the activities of a number of people to achieve goals. Therefore, the organization expects that employees can excel and be able to create conditional conditions. So that employees will not experience boredom, boredom and feeling lazy to work which results in decreased morale. If morale decreases, it can result in a decrease in employee performance. Decreased employee performance can result in losses in the organization. Improved employee performance will bring progress for the company to be able to survive in an unstable business environment competition.<br><br>Therefore, efforts to improve employee performance are the most serious management challenges because the success in achieving the goals and survival of the company depends on the quality of the performance of human resources in it.<br><br>Tokopedia is an online marketplace that allows individuals and business owners in Indonesia to open and manage their online store easily and free of cost, while providing a safe and comfortable online buying and selling experience. Tokopedia is one of the largest and fastest growing internet companies in Indonesia with a vision of “Building a better Indonesia through the internet”. This online buying and selling (start-up) has an office based in Jakarta and a website registered with the name Tokopedia.com. This encyclopedia of online shops in Indonesia takes the form of an online mall that brings together sellers and buyers and allows for safer and more convenient online buying and selling transactions. Tokopedia provides a means of buying and selling online, where anyone can open an online store and serve buyers from all over Indonesia. Tokopedia users, commonly called Toppers, can sell new and used goods through Tokopedia, even though the majority of items sold are new and at a predetermined price.<br><br>Tokopedia was founded by William Tanuwijaya and Leontinus Alpha Edison on February 6, 2009 and its product, the www.Tokopedia.com website, was officially launched on August 17, 2009. Tokopedia received initial funding of Rp. 2.5 billion from PT. Indonusa Dwitama (a subsidiary of the Nusapati Group) which is an investment company in the field of boksite mining, oil palm cultivation, online shops, trading in the oil and energy sector as well as financial services in February 2009. While it is still in the \"closed\" version where user","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130212872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CSR and Sustainable Development - A Primer","authors":"Dr. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3755973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3755973","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable development and social responsibility of businesses or corporations have become increasingly an issue of concern since the early 1990s. The basic human activity trade is not always about making money though profit has been associated with it. Business with their products and consequence are essentially more social than economic. Through the marketplace and governmental regulation, social and environmental concerns are related to business. Society and business depend on each other and business must take full account of the societal expectations. Sustainable business looks at how a business can adapt to global social and environmental trends, such as future regulation on carbon output, water shortages, and changing demographics. Social, Economic and environment are the three pillars or dimensions of Sustainable development. Sustainability is a conscious choice on a continuous basis. To move towards more sustainability, all of us need to change our patterns of consumption and production. Principles of Sustainable Development and CSR have close links. Sustainable businesses create the future by creating stronger, richer markets for business. Every business strives to earn maximum profit. However, companies have to shoulder certain responsibilities as a corporate citizen. Corporation need to review and consider new or modified business practices regularly that will improve the quality of life of all stakeholders. Both society and business used to believe that taking care of other social and environmental concerns are the duty of the state or government. Companies have become the main players in creating environmental and social problems; therefore, change must begin with companies that can lead a transition. CSR matters as it mirrors the core values of the society and been instrumental in bringing about Sustainable development. CSR has a complex relationship between business and society and plays an important part of the business environment. Business organizations are accountable to that society for their actions as they are part of the larger society Responsible leaders are concerned with reconciling and aligning the demands, needs, interests, and values of the key stakeholders. CSR expects accountability from all stakeholders. Good Stakeholder relationships can lead to competitive advantage The relationship between Sustainable Development and CSR was not explicit as these concepts progressed separately for a long time. In recent years these two concepts of CSR and sustainable development has strengthened with their interactions. A dynamic and well-functioning business sector, can be driving force of sustainable development CSR is multifunctional in nature. Hence, it is important that integral and broad sustainable CSR is undertaken. This will help in the quest to develop transformational and sustainable CSR practices. **************************","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127666311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crossing the Borderline in Strategic Corporate Philanthropy: Dangote and the Construction of Cement Roads in Nigeria","authors":"A. Ezeoha, C. Uche, A. Ujunwa","doi":"10.1111/beer.12249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12249","url":null,"abstract":"Using the case of Nigeria's Dangote Group and an exploratory research technique, we critique CSR practices in a developing country context based on a three&#8208;pillar model&#8212;traditional CSR, strategic CSR and strategic business engagements. Our paper makes a unique contribution by revealing how a company can transform its strategic CSR into strategic business engagements that permit it to circumvent public procurement laws and secure public contracts at non&#8208;competitive terms. We show how, in weak institutional and regulatory contexts, strategic CSR could be turned to a tool for rent extraction and profit maximization. We advocate for regulatory measures that impose ex ante and ex post limits on the extent to which firms can go in integrating CSR into their normal business operations. Based on the outcomes from this important African case study, we illustrate and propose the strategic business engagement model as a new framework for analysing the social benefits of strategic CSR practices in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134134795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Human is the Work in Progress, Now","authors":"M. Prabakaran","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3454783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3454783","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores, what is it to be human. It suggests that to be human is to be in tune with the human programming.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124121508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How ESG Investing Has Impacted the Asset Pricing in the Equity Market","authors":"Leila Bennani, Théo Le Guenedal, Frédéric Lepetit, Lai Ly, Vincent Mortier, T. Roncalli, Takaya Sekine","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3316862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3316862","url":null,"abstract":"ESG investing has gained considerable traction over the past few years and, alongside smart beta, factor investing and alternative risk premia, is one of the current hot topics for the asset management industry. Nevertheless, even though large institutions such as insurance companies, pension funds and sovereign wealth funds have invested significantly in ESG strategies over recent years and we are observing a substantial and increasing interest from other investors such as wealth management or retail investors, the question of performance remains a controversial issue and a puzzle for the financial community. Indeed, academic findings have been mixed and have revealed a U-shape pricing of stocks in the equity market, meaning that both best-in-class and worst-in-class ESG stocks have been rewarded by the equity market in the past. \u0000 \u0000In this research, we analyze the relationship between ESG and performance in the recent years (2010 – 2017) since ESG was more an anecdotal and explanatory investment idea before the Global Financial Crisis. For that, we consider different regions (North America, Europe, Japan, World) and different investment styles (passive management, active management and factor investing). We show that ESG investing has been rewarded since 2014, but not before. Across the three ESG pillars, the Environment factor in North America and the Governance factor in the Eurozone performed the strongest. Overall, the study reveals that ESG does not impact all stocks, but tends to impact best-in-class and worst-in-class assets. \u0000 \u0000Contrary to common beliefs, we also observe that ESG had little impact on volatility and drawdown management during the 2010-2017 period. In the case of passive management, implementing an ESG strategy helps to improve the information ratio if the investor accepts to take a tracking error risk. Finally, we show that ESG investing is related to factor investing. In particular, we conclude that ESG investing remains an alpha strategy in North America, whereas it has become a beta strategy in the Eurozone.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120876092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Social Contribution Value Per Share (Scvps) as a Measurement of CSR Performance","authors":"Ruopiao Zhang, Carlos Carlos Noronha, Jieqi Guan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3342396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3342396","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the evaluation of CSR performance by reviewing and comparing several major Measurements of Social Performances (MSPs) in developed countries and mainland China based on their merits and concerns. Most importantly, this study advocates the use of a quantitative measurement – social contribution value per share (SCVPS) due to its simplicity, robustness and comparative metrics. \u0000 \u0000This paper undertakes an extensive literature review as well as secondary or primary evidences of methodologies from selected MSPs and the criteria they rely upon to assess a firm’s CSR performance. The study highlights several major limitations of current MSPs (such as the difficulty in making comparisons across MSPs, lack of transparency in constructing them, potential misinterpretations as well as the exclusion of risky industries) through a comparison with SCVPS which was developed by the Shanghai Stock Exchange in China. This study argues that SCVPS is a preferable MSP because of its simple calculation method, transparent evaluation process, comparability as well as high accessibility among potential investors. In addition, the findings of this study shed light on the importance of standardized, comparative and transparent MSPs for regulators and market participants. Last but not least, this study points out some possible future research avenues utilizing SCVPS for listed enterprises in China as well as those in other regions.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116554595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Compliance Cost and Productivity Growth in US Manufacturing","authors":"Abbas Taheri, R. Stevenson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3213317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3213317","url":null,"abstract":"The decade of 1970s is generally known for its dramatic increases in the price of oil. What is less known, however, is the fact that U.S. industrial sector experienced a significant slow down in productivity growth during the 1970s and 1980s. While many studies have analyzed the economic impact of higher energy prices on industry, the research on productivity slow down has been rather slow. The task of unraveling the cause of this productivity mystery is further complicated by the fact that this period also marks the beginning of an era of unprecedented environmental controls as Congress passed a series of sweeping amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA) law in the 1970s and again in 1990. As a result of these amendments to the CAA the U.S. industry was faced with mounting environmental compliance cost. While environmental regulations are generally believed to impair productivity few studies have considered environmental regulation.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126781143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pro Bono as a Human Capital Learning and Screening Mechanism: Evidence from Law Firms","authors":"Vanessa C. Burbano, J. Mamer, Jason A. Snyder","doi":"10.1002/SMJ.2947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SMJ.2947","url":null,"abstract":"Research Summary: Inquiry into CSR as a human capital management tool has suggested that firms benefit from such activities because employees value the meaningfulness of these activities, which influences motivation and retention. We propose an alternate avenue through which firms can benefit from an important type of socially responsible activity—pro bono services—that does not require that employees derive utility from the meaningfulness of the activity. We propose that pro bono activities can benefit firms through human capital learning and screening mechanisms, given the stretch roles that pro bono engagements allow. We formalize this argument in the legal services industry, where we provide primary evidence, a formal model, and empirical results using a panel dataset of the top 200 law firms to support this argument. Managerial Summary: We examine a type of CSR activity, pro bono engagements, in the context of the top 200 law firms in the United States. We show that firms can benefit from these engagements through human capital learning and screening mechanisms, due to the stretch roles that pro bono engagements allow junior lawyers. Our findings suggest that firms in which pro bono engagements provide stretch roles for junior employees can benefit from pro bono activities regardless of whether their employees value the meaningfulness or social impact of the pro bono work.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127714167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrot or Stick? Strategic Corporate Governance and the Incentivization of Attention to Environmental, Social, and Governance Issues","authors":"K. Chuah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3090302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3090302","url":null,"abstract":"When seeking to influence firms’ behaviors, investors have a range of strategic alternatives through which pressure can be exerted. These approaches range from collaborative dialogue with firms, to other more coercive methods such as divesting their shareholdings. However, limited consideration has been given to the relative effectiveness of the various corporate governance decisions available to investors. Consequently, this study proposes a behaviorally-grounded strategic view of corporate governance whereby intendedly rational investors choose their corporate governance decisions based on whether the expected response from the targeted firm is preferable to the response from investors’ other alternatives. Doing so enables investors to more efficiently allocate their monitoring resources. I operationalize the study by analyzing investors’ strategic decisions relating to the use of shareholder proposals. Focusing on environmental, social, and governance issues, I find that investors’ use of incentives for collaboration — by withdrawing shareholder proposals — produces more effective outcomes than the coerced enforcement of control — putting the proposal to a vote. A key mechanism relates to firms’ cognition of issue salience and the external legitimacy which investor activism signals. In doing so, these findings suggest that investors can strategically channel firms’ attention and effort to substantively address the issues raised.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129037886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Issue Management, Corporate Social Responsibility and Crisis Communication: Applying Balance Theory in Crisis and Issue Management","authors":"X. Zhang, Jonathan Borden","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.12136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12136","url":null,"abstract":"Through a 2 × 2 × 3 experiment design, this study examines effects of issue-related corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes on stakeholder perceptions of an issue-related crisis (i.e., blame, scepticism and corporate credibility) through the lens of balance theory. Results indicate that issue-related CSR programmes work well in reducing scepticism when stakeholders have high issue involvement and positive attitudes. Scepticism is also found to be a mediator between issue-related CSR programmes and perceived corporate credibility.","PeriodicalId":210566,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Social Policies eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134213810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}