Radiation Measurements最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of anti-scatter grids for digital mammography: A comparative study using Monte Carlo simulations","authors":"Kimia Gharehkhani ,&nbsp;Mehdi Shojaei ,&nbsp;Saeed Setayeshi","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mammography image quality is often compromised by scattered radiation, which reduces diagnostic accuracy. Anti-scatter grids with various designs are employed to mitigate this issue. The choice of these designs significantly impacts the reduction of scattered radiation and the transmission of primary photons, thereby improving image quality without necessitating increased patient radiation exposure. This study aims to investigate various anti-scatter grid designs for digital mammography (DM) systems by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio improvement factor (SIF) and minimizing the scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR) across different material compositions to identify the most effective grid design.</div><div>In this study, a mammography system and breast phantom were simulated using the Monte Carlo toolkit Geant4. A total of 450 cellular anti-scatter grid configurations were modeled, comprising copper, gold, and lead designs with varying grid parameters. The impacts of varying the grid ratios (GR) and strip frequencies on SPR, SIF, and transmission factors for scattered (T_s) and primary (T_p) were quantified. Synthetic mammograms from the Monte-Carlo outputs were generated and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was computed as from paired signal/background region-of-interest (ROI), in the center of the phantom.</div><div>An optimal configuration in our study was a copper grid (GR 3:1, septal thickness 0.005 mm, 35 lines/cm), yielding SIF = 1.09, SPR = 0.06, T_p = 0.75, and T_s = 0.07. Relative to gold and lead, copper grids exhibited higher SIF and T_p; however, gold grids produced the highest CNR (Au ≈ 23.29). Lead grids marginally outperformed gold grids on aggregate transmission/scatter metrics but not on CNR. The proposed grid designs significantly reduced scattered radiation while enhancing image quality metrics, showing promising potential for clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Ce:GPS scintillator-based spectrometer and its demonstration in radioactive cesium contamination sites","authors":"Yuki Morishita ,&nbsp;Shigeo Nakama ,&nbsp;Kotaro Ochi ,&nbsp;Yoshimi Urabe ,&nbsp;Marina Kanno","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, radioactive cesium contamination posed a significant environmental concern. This study developed a compact gamma-ray spectrometer utilizing a Gd₂Si₂O₇:Ce (Ce:GPS) scintillator and a compact photomultiplier tube (PMT) for environmental monitoring. The spectrometer was designed to overcome the limitations of traditional NaI(Tl) detectors, leveraging the non-hygroscopic nature and high energy resolution of Ce:GPS scintillators. Performance was evaluated through measurements of a¹³⁷Cs source and a comparison with a commercial NaI(Tl) survey meter. The spectrometer's potential for effective and portable monitoring of radioactive cesium in contaminated environments was demonstrated. The system was tested using sealed sources, confirming its ability to detect the 662 keV photopeak of ¹³⁷Cs with high accuracy. The energy resolution of this photopeak was 10.8 % FWHM. Field measurements in radiocesium-contaminated areas showed the spectrometer's effectiveness in detecting dose rate variations and high-dose hotspots. This portable, durable spectrometer shows promise for applications in environmental radiation monitoring and remote sensing technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glow curve deconvolution – Why are most published results wrong? Common pitfalls in measurement and analysis","authors":"Stephen W.S. McKeever","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The published literature is full of reports claiming to determine the trapping parameters – trap depth (<em>E</em>_<em>t</em>, eV), frequency factor (<em>s</em>, s⁻¹) and kinetic order (<em>b</em>) – from thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves. In recent years probably the most popular approaches employ ‘Computerized Glow Curve Deconvolution’ methods of fitting the glow curve using standard TL equations. Regrettably, most of these efforts are at best unreliable and at worst simply wrong. This paper illustrates that, in order to accept the published results with a degree of confidence, the details of the experimental method and the appropriateness of the theory used must both be examined carefully. Examples of poor experimental method include inadequate temperature control (e.g. measuring the temperature of the heater, not the sample), ignoring changes in luminescence efficiency with increasing temperature (thermal quenching), and no, or improper, consideration of the emission spectrum (i.e. whether it is constant as the temperature changes). Examples of inappropriate theory include the use of General-Order Kinetics when this is unjustified. This results from an apparent misunderstanding of TL kinetics when dealing with systems described by multiple-trap/multiple-recombination-site models. Most published analyses assume non-interactive kinetics between the various trapping and recombination sites and treat each trap as isolated from all other traps and from the recombination sites. This paper discusses these issues in detail and concludes that once the glow curves are properly obtained, deconvolution analysis should consider the potential for localized recombination (including thermally excited tunneling) and, if delocalized recombination dominates, only first-order kinetics should be used in almost all examples, with the possible exception of the highest-temperature TL peak for which second-order kinetics may apply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation and verification of energy deposition by high-energy deuterons in thick beryllium target","authors":"Zhichao Gao ,&nbsp;Xueying Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongqin Ju ,&nbsp;Rui Han ,&nbsp;Honglin Ge ,&nbsp;Fei Ma ,&nbsp;Yanbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Zhou ,&nbsp;Liang Chen ,&nbsp;GuoYu Tian ,&nbsp;Tao Wan ,&nbsp;Yaoxuan Cui ,&nbsp;Wenli Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The d-Be neutron source is a compact accelerator neutron source with significant potential. The energy deposition of a high-energy deuteron beam in beryllium target serves as an important reference consideration in the design of target heat removal systems. The total energy deposition of deuterons, energy deposition linear density, and the contributions of different secondary particles in thick beryllium targets is investigated using Geant4 toolkit with three reaction models. Additionally, we conducted an experiment of a 300 MeV deuteron beam bombarding thick beryllium targets, where multiple thermoluminescent detectors were used to measure the dose distribution in targets. The comparison between simulation results and experimental data indicate that the Geant4 simulation effectively estimates the energy deposition of the d-Be reactions, with the BIC_AllHP model showing the best agreement with the experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed IoT-based radon monitoring in indoor spaces: Quantifying spatial gradients using multi-node Si-PIN arrays","authors":"Chao Xie ,&nbsp;Chunyun Jiang ,&nbsp;Tao Qiu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zeng ,&nbsp;Shengyang Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor radon gas exposure is a major source of ionizing radiation for the public, and its spatial distribution is highly heterogeneous. However, traditional single-point monitoring devices struggle to capture gradient changes, and high costs restrict large-scale deployment. This study developed an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Distributed Radon Monitoring System (DRMS) to achieve high-resolution spatial monitoring by integrating low-cost silicon-based (Si-PIN) sensor arrays with adaptive anti-jamming Zigbee networks. The system employs multiple radon concentration sensors to enhance sensitivity and constructs a star-cluster hybrid topology wireless network, ensuring reliable communication in complex environments (1000 m in line-of-sight and 300 m in non-line-of-sight). Experimental validation shows that DRMS demonstrates good temporal consistency with the standard radon detector RAD7 (Durridge Company Inc., USA) within the dynamic range of 100–300 Bq.m⁻³. It can capture spatial gradients of radon concentration up to 4.27 times in enclosed spaces (e.g., median value of 228.5 Bq.m⁻³ in corner areas vs. 53.5 Bq.m⁻³ in near-window areas), which matches the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations (R² = 0.962). The system provides a cost-effective and precise tool for radon risk assessment in complex environments such as mines and basements, holding significant value for achieving precise prevention and control of radon exposure risks and public health protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and response characterization of new Bonner sphere spectrometer using lithium-glass scintillators coupled with current-integrating photomultiplier tubes","authors":"Akihiko Masuda ,&nbsp;Tetsuro Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Seiya Manabe ,&nbsp;Hideki Harano ,&nbsp;Hiroki Tanaka ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Sakurai ,&nbsp;Daisuke Ito ,&nbsp;Takushi Takata ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Kumada","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new Bonner sphere spectrometer (BSS) has been developed to measure the spectral fluence of high-intensity neutrons in boron neutron capture therapy facilities and radiation resistance test facilities for electronic devices. A pair of lithium-glass scintillators (GS20 and GS30) coupled with current-integrating photomultiplier tubes was adopted as a low-energy neutron detection element for the Bonner sphere detectors to compensate for the effects of γ-rays. The response matrix for the BSS was determined by Monte Carlo simulations of the response in pulse-counting mode and by using an experimentally determined conversion factor to convert the pulse-counting response to the current-integrating response. Since the new detector has geometric asymmetry, the directional dependence of the response functions was evaluated through experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. A significant directional dependence was observed, which is acceptable when neutrons from a single direction, but care must be taken when measuring neutrons originating from a wide range of directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a homogeneous thick-walled graphite cylindrical ionization chamber for determination of source strength of HDR 60Co brachytherapy sources","authors":"Sudhir Kumar ,&nbsp;Rahul Kumar Chaudhary ,&nbsp;S.D. Sharma ,&nbsp;B.K. Sapra","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The source strength of brachytherapy sources should be verified prior to their clinical use. To fulfil the requirement for the standardization of high-dose rate (HDR) ⁶⁰Co brachytherapy sources, a homogeneous thick-walled graphite cylindrical ionization chamber of nominal sensitive volume 223.5 cm³ was designed, developed and established as a reference standard.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experimental measurements were conducted with HDR ⁶⁰Co brachytherapy sources at different radiotherapy centres across India to determine the basic characteristics of this ionization chamber. The reference air-kerma rate, <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>K</mi><mo>·</mo></mover><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, of the HDR ⁶⁰Co sources was determined from the measured signal using the air-kerma calibration coefficient formalism developed earlier analytically based on Burlin general cavity theory and large cavity theory and validated with Monte-Carlo calculations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The basic characteristics of this chamber were in conformity with requirements specified in IAEA TRS-374 report. The <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>K</mi><mo>·</mo></mover><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> of HDR ⁶⁰Co sources determined experimentally using this chamber was within 3 % of the <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>K</mi><mo>·</mo></mover><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> value quoted by the supplier, which is traceable to PTB, Germany. The standardized HDR ⁶⁰Co sources were used for calibrating the eight well-type ionization chambers of different radiotherapy centres and the values of air-kerma calibration coefficient <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><msub><mover><mi>K</mi><mo>·</mo></mover><mi>R</mi></msub></msub></mrow></math></span> so obtained agreed within 3 % of the vendor-quoted values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The performance of the newly developed chamber was found to be satisfactory and it qualifies to be designated as a reference standard for the measurement of <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>K</mi><mo>·</mo></mover><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> of HDR ⁶⁰Co sources and for calibration of the well-type chambers of radiotherapy centres.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of neutron dose for the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction at Ep = 66 MeV at the iThemba LABS high-energy neutron facility","authors":"Elizabeth Fairall ,&nbsp;Tanya Hutton ,&nbsp;Peane Maleka ,&nbsp;Andy Buffler","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A metrological characterisation of a high-energy neutron field at the iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences (LABS) was combined with Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations to estimate the absorbed dose delivered to vials of human blood for an experimental setup relevant to conducting radiobiology experiments at this facility. Neutrons with a peak energy of 62.34(37) MeV were produced by a 66.48 MeV proton beam irradiating an 8.0 mm lithium target. The neutron beam energy distribution and fluence were characterised at emission angles of 0° and 16° via Time-of-Flight measurements with a BC-501A liquid scintillation detector, a ²³⁸U fission ionisation chamber, and two beam monitors. These measurements were combined with Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations developed in Geant4 to calculate the absorbed dose that would be delivered to four vials of human blood contained in high-density polyethylene phantoms placed at a distance of 4.300 m from the target during a typical irradiation. The absorbed dose delivered to each blood vial per unit monitor count was estimated and combined with measured monitor count rates to determine the absorbed dose rate. Depending on the vial position in the phantom, dose rates ranged from 24.36(78) mGy hour⁻¹ to 26.22(84) mGy hour⁻¹ at 0°, and from 13.16(42) mGy hour⁻¹ to 14.21(46) mGy hour⁻¹ at 16°.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drastic reduction of the slow scintillation component in highly luminescent Ce3+ and Mg2+ doped Lu2.5Gd0.5Ga2Al3O12 garnet powders","authors":"Lenka Prouzová Procházková ,&nbsp;Eliška Müllerová ,&nbsp;Jan Bárta ,&nbsp;Estelle Homeyer ,&nbsp;Alena Zavadilová ,&nbsp;Christophe Dujardin ,&nbsp;Václav Čuba","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper deals with the photochemical preparation of nanomaterials with garnet structure. Ce³⁺ and Mg²⁺ doped Lu_2.5Gd_0.5Ga₂Al₃O₁₂ powders were prepared by using UV irradiation of aqueous solutions with low-pressure mercury lamps and subsequent calcination of the solid products. The synthesis was optimized and gives access to a range of doping which is very hard to achieve with single crystal growth from melt. The effect of Ce and Mg concentration on the structural and luminescence properties was studied. Garnets were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and their luminescence properties under optical and X-ray photon excitations were investigated. XRF and XRD show that the samples are sufficiently chemically pure and phase-pure and their elemental composition corresponds with expectations. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy confirmed that Mg concentrations in Mg-codoped samples are slightly lower than the nominal. Luminescence spectra show typical emission maxima of 5d-4f Ce³⁺ transition and 4f-4f Gd³⁺ transition. The effects of the concentration of Ce³⁺ and Mg²⁺ on the RL intensity, light yields and decays were observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of thermal neutron/gamma discrimination capability of a CLYC Scintillator with a SiPM in a mixed field of 241Am-Be neutron source: Pulse shape discrimination using constant fraction time over threshold (CF-TOT) and cumulative charge ratio (CCR)","authors":"Haluk Yücel ,&nbsp;Ege Can Karanfil ,&nbsp;Mehmet Can Karaman ,&nbsp;Okay Tüzel ,&nbsp;Zeynep Dağıstan ,&nbsp;Kadir Özgür Hanci ,&nbsp;Miray Özkan","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, neutron detection and neutron/gamma discrimination capability of a 99 % ⁶Li enriched CLYC (Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce) scintillator detector module incorporating a built-in microcontroller-based MCA featuring analog-signal processing for pulse shape discrimination method is investigated. This miniature detector module has a small-sized <span><math><mrow><mn>15</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>25</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> CLYC crystal, optically coupled with Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM). It uses a temperature compensated bias supply. The analog-signal processing components of this compact detector system implement the constant fraction time over threshold (CF-TOT) and cumulative charge ratio (CCR) methods for the pulse shape discrimination. The neutron/gamma measurements were performed in a thermalized neutron field having a thermal neutron flux of 2.11 × 10³ n∙cm⁻²∙s⁻¹ of an ²⁴¹Am-Be neutron source. The obtained pulse-height spectra is stored in a 4096 channels ADC/MCA. From the observed spectra, noise and low-energy events are lying quite far from neutron and gamma pulses. The figure of merit (FoM) criteria for the performance of PSD method was estimated to be 1.274. This means that the presently developed compact neutron detector system based on CLYC scintillation crystal has a good thermal neutron/gamma discrimination capability although there are high energy gamma-ray in the field. Thus, this compact device can be a versatile device for measuring thermal neutron fluxes in space-constrained or portable applications such as small ducts or openings. Moreover, it has a potential use for the detection of neutrons in the mixed fields from micro-modular (MMR) reactors or small modular reactor (SMR) environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}