Radiation Measurements最新文献

{"title":"Rapid detection of accidental hand exposure using radiophotoluminescence glass (FD-7) and an overhead scanning system","authors":"Hiroshi Yasuda ,&nbsp;Ryuto Inobe ,&nbsp;Sophia E. Welti ,&nbsp;Yuka Yanagida ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Koguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Workers who use high-intensity radiation sources on a daily basis are at risk of accidently exposing their fingers to high levels of radiation, which can cause acute effects such as skin damage. For the prompt detection of such unexpected severe exposure, we attempted to use the radiochromic reaction of radiophotoluminscence (RPL) glass that can be worn on the fingers with a common overhead scanning system. A plate-shaped RPL glass (FD-7) with the size of 8.0 × 8.0 × 1.5 mm³ used in a commercially available ring-type glass dosimeter was irradiated with X-rays (160 kV, 6.3 mA) at 80–400 Gy, for which RPL measurements were difficult. Radiochromic reactions of FD-7 were visually confirmed on a tracing light board, and the RGB images captured at certain time intervals using an overhead scanner (OHS) were analyzed using image processing software (ImageJ). In addition, time changes in the post-irradiation absorbance spectra were measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. The post-irradiation brownish coloration of FD-7 was detected by the naked eye at all doses (≥80 Gy). From the inverted images acquired by the OHS, the color intensity of the blue channel showed the most preferable dose response covering the target dose range. Interestingly, the blue color intensity stabilized immediately after X-ray irradiation without a preheating procedure, which is generally required in RPL glass dosimetry. The spectrophotometry data confirmed the results obtained using the overhead scanning system; the absorbance in the blue color range (430–490 nm) slightly reduced during the period of post-irradiation RPL build-up. These findings highlight the practical advantages of this novel method for monitoring hand exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative alpha spectra isotope identification based on deep learning method and Monte Carlo modeling","authors":"Qiang Yan ,&nbsp;HaiTao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Huang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Xiong ,&nbsp;Guobin Huang ,&nbsp;Lei Dai ,&nbsp;Zhengxin Wu ,&nbsp;Guoqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is essential to identify radioactive isotopes contained in samples quantitively for environment radiation contamination monitoring. Energy-spectra-based nuclide identification is the most commonly used method in environmental radiation measurement and has been widely used for gamma ray emitting isotopes. In this work, a complete procedure of quantitative alpha spectra analysis and alpha isotope identification based on deep learning method was proposed and it was proved effective and feasible to use Monte Carlo simulation in deep learning model development. Deep learning model with 6 hidden layers (about 0.7million trainable parameters) was developed and implemented based on Keras framework in Python. Instead of complicated spectrum feature extraction algorithm, proposed deep learning model used spectrum data as input directly and could output a weight vector of nuclides with elements - -having - meaning of the percentage content of every nuclide. To train the proposed model, huge number of training spectra were needed and it was not possible to prepare all needed data by measurement. In this study, Monte Carlo simulation was used as an alternative method to produce massive alpha spectra by mixing basic spectrumof single nuclide. Based on the setups of commercially available Canberra alpha meter, a set of alpha spectra from single nuclide were generated by Geant4 simulation. To broad representativeness of simulated spectra, different measuring conditions were taken into consideration and more than 500 basic spectra were prepared to form a data library. Randomly choosing basic spectra from the library were summed with random-weight to generate millions of training spectra. The proposed model was trained using 4 million generated spectra - and tested by 3 kinds of spectra, namely spectra from generation-based spectra library, Geant4 simulation of mixed nuclides and measurements of actual mixed alpha source. The identified percentage contents by model prediction were compared with the original weight values to validate qualitative and quantitative identification of nuclides contained in spectra. Absolute errors of identified nuclide percentage contents were less than 1% for simulated spectra and less than 2% for acutal measured spectra. The accuracy could be improved further by increasing the number of nuclides contained in library, the range of measuring conditions in simulation and the data set of generated training spectra used in model training. Results indicated that deep learning mode could identify the nuclide contained in complicated alpha spectra and determine the content of nuclide with good accuracy. The method proposed in this study has great potential in quantitative spectral alpha isotope identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method to assess crosstalk in single-grain luminescence detection","authors":"Anna-Maartje de Boer ,&nbsp;Luc Steinbuch ,&nbsp;Gerard B.M. Heuvelink ,&nbsp;Jakob Wallinga","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Luminescence imaging with an EMCCD camera is an innovative approach to single-grain luminescence detection. In theory, it allows for the random placement of grains on a disc, but in practice, attributing photons to specific grains remains unachievable. Currently, single-grain discs with fixed grain placement are primarily used, though these are still susceptible to crosstalk, e.g. overlapping of luminescence signals from adjacent grains. A standardized method for identifying, correcting, or eliminating crosstalk is not yet available. In this paper, we introduce Moran's I, a measure of spatial autocorrelation, as a novel method for assessing crosstalk in single-grain luminescence detection. Using simulations with induced crosstalk, we demonstrate that Moran's I can effectively detect crosstalk when interpreted within the context of its pseudo-p value. These results are corroborated by those obtained on a measured luminescence dataset for which crosstalk is deliberately enhanced by increasing the region of interest (ROI) selected for luminescence signal integration. These results on simulated and measured data show that Moran's I can be used to select optimal ROI diameter to enhance signals whilst limiting crosstalk. Finally, we examined the effect of modelled crosstalk on three types of equivalent-dose distributions, finding that normal distributions are unaffected by crosstalk, whereas bimodal distributions became mixed, and the shape of skewed distributions alters. These results have implications for ROI selection for well-bleached, mixed and heterogeneously bleached sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Godiva-IV leakage dose characterization","authors":"A.S. Tamashiro ,&nbsp;B. Champine ,&nbsp;P. Witter ,&nbsp;P. Maggi ,&nbsp;D.P. Heinrichs ,&nbsp;C. Percher ,&nbsp;D. Ward ,&nbsp;P. Angus ,&nbsp;F. Trompier ,&nbsp;J. Goda ,&nbsp;D.P. Hickman ,&nbsp;R. Hudson ,&nbsp;C. Wong ,&nbsp;C. Wilson ,&nbsp;L. Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As new nuclear accident dosimetrists are being trained by their respective institutions, there was a need for nuclear accident dosimeter (NAD) intercomparison exercises. This required a reference neutron and photon dose for nuclear accident dosimetrists to test their dosimeters and analysis. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP) supported an experimental campaign to characterize the Godiva-IV leakage dose in 2014 to support future exercises. A Passive Bonner Sphere Spectrometer (PBSS) was deployed by Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) to measure the neutron spectrum. CaF<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used to measure the photon doses. The results were documented in a report at that time but this paper reanalyzed and updated those results with other measurements in the interim. This work established updated reference neutron and photon doses as a function of radial distance from the center of Godiva-IV, which will be used for future NAD intercomparison exercises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study of CdZnTe for multipurpose radiation detection in broadband applications","authors":"Chansun Park ,&nbsp;Sangsu Kim ,&nbsp;Hyojung Kim ,&nbsp;Won-Young Jeong ,&nbsp;Hochun Park ,&nbsp;Jung-Yeol Yeom ,&nbsp;Shinhaeng Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the limitations of traditional semiconductors, such as Si and Ge, in high-energy radiation environments, in this study, we demonstrated the reliable and efficient performance of CdZnTe (CZT; II–IV compound semiconductor) in detecting and distinguishing radiation across a wide energy range. A 1-inch CZT crystal was grown using the vertical Bridgman method and subjected to post-processing to prepare radiation detectors. A 6 × 6 × 8 mm³ CZT sample exhibited a resistivity of 1.9 × 10¹⁰ Ω cm, which indicated reduced electrical noise and improved signal accuracy. Using a¹³⁷Cs source, we achieved an energy resolution of 4.3 %, highlighting the potential of CZT for nuclear medicine applications. Additionally, its performance in diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices was tested. Exposure to computer tomography X-rays resulted in a linear current density with applied voltage, confirming the detectors' adherence to Ohm's law, high electron–hole pair concentration, and fast charge-carrier mobility. Testing with 6-MV photon and 6-MeV electron beams demonstrated the linearity between the detector's relative intensity and beam dose, confirming a consistent detector response. This linearity reduces uncertainty in diagnosis and treatment planning, emphasizing the practical benefits of CZT. Repeated trials at various radiation doses verified the accuracy and consistency of the CZT detector. Owing to its broad energy-sensitivity range, high energy resolution, and linear response to photon and electron beams, CZT emerges as a multipurpose candidate for radiation detection, medical imaging, and nuclear medicine applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 107457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for reducing gamma-ray coded-aperture imaging artifacts based on Compton sequence reconstruction","authors":"Donghai Fan ,&nbsp;Jiaye Cheng ,&nbsp;Rui Wu ,&nbsp;Dengke Wei ,&nbsp;Yingrui Li ,&nbsp;Tingting Tan ,&nbsp;Gangqiang Zha","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gamma-ray coded-aperture imaging technology has important applications in nuclear safety monitoring, the decommissioning of nuclear facilities, and the transportation of spent fuel. However, the Compton scattering effect occurs when gamma rays interact with the detector, leading to a large number of random artifacts in the reconstructed images. These artifacts degrade the quality of coded-aperture imaging. In this paper, a coded-aperture imaging method based on Compton sequence reconstruction was proposed to reduce artifacts in image reconstruction. Additionally, the energy discrimination method suitable for Compton two-event sequence reconstruction was improved, and a probability method was proposed for Compton multi-event sequence reconstruction. Through simulations, the improved energy discrimination method was validated for its enhancement in the accuracy rate of sequence reconstruction. The probability method was compared with the conventional minimum squared difference (MSD) and deterministic methods, confirming that the probability method achieved the best sequence reconstruction results and accurately identified the full-energy event. In single-source and multi-source imaging experiments, the proposed image reconstruction method was compared with the conventional maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm and the mask and anti-mask coded functions (MACF) algorithm. The results demonstrated that the probability method combined with the MACF algorithm effectively reduced random artifacts and thickness artifacts in the reconstructed images, significantly improving imaging quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 107453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deuterium-deuterium fusion charged particle detection using CR-39 and deep learning model","authors":"Yuxing Wang ,&nbsp;Allan Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Matthew Salazar ,&nbsp;Nawar Abdalla ,&nbsp;Zhifei Li ,&nbsp;Benjamin Wrixon","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Columbia Resin #39 (CR-39) solid-state nuclear track detectors are widely used in fusion research for detecting charged particles produced in fusion reactions. However, analyzing increasingly complex and large-scale CR-39 track images to extract meaningful information is a tedious and time-consuming process, often prone to human error and bias. To address these challenges, we developed an AI-based classification model capable of differentiating protons, tritons, and helions produced during D-D fusion, using CR-39 track images as input data. The CR-39 track images were processed and used to train a deep learning model. By preprocessing the track images for noise reduction and feature enhancement, we trained the You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) network to distinguish the three particle types with high accuracy. We designed a method that cuts large images into smaller pieces and then enlarges them again to achieve a lower density in each segmented piece to improve accuracy. The sliced images are then reconstructed using overlapping cuts and Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) to handle the overlapping parts of the stitches. By adopting NMS, we retain only the bounding box with the highest confidence level, avoiding duplicate detections and achieving accurate counting. The proposed model achieved a classification accuracy of over 94 %, demonstrating its potential for improving automated track analysis in CR-39 detectors. Additionally, the model precisely identifies particle coordinates and counts, enabling comprehensive particle analysis. This study highlights the application of AI in track detection and classification, offering a robust solution for particle identification in CR-39 detector-based experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 107444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Uniformly Redundant Array coded aperture design by MCNP simulation for neutron imaging with Timepix","authors":"C. Lynde ,&nbsp;F. Carrel ,&nbsp;V. Schoepff ,&nbsp;M. Ben Mosbah ,&nbsp;J. Venara ,&nbsp;Z. El Bitar","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate identification of radioactive hotspots is essential to the nuclear industry, especially for decommissioning operations, waste management, radiation protection, nuclear research, and homeland security applications. In certain cases, the detection of fast neutron emissions is particularly important when gamma imaging techniques reach their limits. CEA List presented a highly compact, (19 × 14 × 15) cm³ and 2.2 kg, fast neutron/gamma imager based on a Modified Uniformly Redundant Array coded aperture, a Timepix detector enhanced with of a paraffin layer and specific processing algorithms. A first prototype was designed and the feasibility of coded aperture fast neutron imaging was demonstrated with these technologies integrated in the GAMPIX gamma camera prototype. However, the fast neutron imaging capability has not yet been fully evaluated and optimized in terms of encoding capacity, field of view and angular resolution.</div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of how coded aperture characteristics—such as material, rank, and thickness—affect the imaging performance of our fast-neutron imager using Monte Carlo simulations. The study highlights the significant impact these parameters have on sensitivity, spatial resolution, and field of view, thereby contributing to the optimization of neutron imaging systems and filling an important gap in existing research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 107445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry with NaCl detectors made at different sintering temperatures","authors":"Daniela Ekendahl ,&nbsp;Zina Čemusová ,&nbsp;Zdeněk Sofer ,&nbsp;Iva Plutnarová","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt (NaCl) is well known as a thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) phosphor that has potential for emergency dosimetry. Using grains of Alpine salt with iodine (Saline Reichenhall, Germany) purchased in a local grocery, detectors in the form of pellets were made. Some of them were sintered at temperatures of 400, 500 and 600 °C. TL and OSL dosimetry characteristics as sensitivity, sensitization, minimum detectable dose (MDD), dose response, energy response and fading were investigated for both the sintered and unsintered detectors. While sintering improved the potential of the detectors for TL dosimetry, the opposite was true for OSL dosimetry. For the sintered detectors, a distinct high-temperature stable TL peak was observed. However, due to its strong sensitization and dose response, the use of the Single-Aliquot Regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol is required for dose reconstruction. The dose response of the OSL signal of sintered detectors already showed saturation for doses in the order of tens of mGy, which excluded them from use for emergency dosimetry. In contrast, the OSL signal of unsintered detectors was distinguished by moderate sensitization and dose response allowing for the use of a simple analytical protocol. MDD values obtained for all the groups of detectors were less than 0.1 mGy. Both the TL and OSL signals monitored within 3 months after irradiation exhibited inverse fading. The energy response suggests that the detectors are suitable for applications in high-energy gamma radiation environment (&gt;200 keV), especially if they are not part of a complex dosemeter with an appropriate filtration and algorithm. The comparison of the obtained characteristics of the investigated groups of salt detectors shows that the needs and requirements of emergency dosimetry are best met by the unsintered OSL detectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First LM-OSL analysis of natural alexandrite","authors":"Yasmim F. Amorim ,&nbsp;Matheus C.S. Nunes ,&nbsp;Alicja Chruścińska ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Wiśniewski ,&nbsp;Neilo M. Trindade","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Linearly Modulated Optically Stimulated Luminescence (LM-OSL) analysis of alexandrite in powder form and incorporated with a polymer matrix was performed in order to investigate the components of its curves. LM-OSL curves were deconvoluted into four first-order components, and the behavior of their intensities revealed two traps’ pairs: super-fast component and fast component, and medium component and slow component, responsible for the LM-OSL signal of powder alexandrite. The thermal stability test showed that after 100 °C of preheat temperature, the super-fast component of alexandrite pellet vanishes. A luminescence spectrum collected under 470 nm stimulation indicated a photoluminescence process, suggesting electrons excitation can cause disturbance in OSL process when the luminescence is stimulated with blue LEDs due to its high energy photons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 107441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}